• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2000

Lipophilic glandular trichomes form secretory vesicles that accumulate in a distended noncellular secretory cavity . Imidazole-buffered osmium tetroxide solution was used to visualize unsaturated lipids in glands of Cannabis sativa. This method of staining revealed two kinds of secretory vesicles in the cavity of glands. Some smaller and rounded vesicles in the secretory cavity and secretory cells were positively stained with the imidazole, and they appeared electron-dense. The other type of vesicles which have bigger sizes more or less were not reacted, however, they appeared transparent. A high contrast of the cuticles which cover the gland was also strongly reacted with that processing. Those result suggest that the dark vesicles in the cavity may contribute to enlarge the subcuticular wall and cuticle when contents of these vesicles are dispersed into wall.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.263-270
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• 1995

Creatine(Cr) and phosphocreatine(PCr), the important mediators of intracellular high-energy phosphate buffer system, were found in the tissues of mouse seminal vesicle and also in the extracellular fluids of seminal vesicle secretion. This study was performed m confirm that the secretion and accumulation of Cr and PCr is regulated by testosterone and its $5{\alpha}$-reduced metabolite, $5{\alpha}$-dihydrotestosterone(DHT). In addition, the effect of nandrolone decanoate(ND), a synthetic anabolic steroid, on the levels of Cr and PCr in the seminal vesicle was compared with those of testosterone propionate(TP) and DHT. Male Swiss-Webster mice were castrated and three groups of the castrates were treated with daily injection(sc) of same molar dose($1.45{\times}10^{-8}mol/g\;BW$) of TP, DHT, or ND. All three androgens rapidly increased weights of seminal vesicle tissue and fluid, and also increased concentrations of Cr and PCr in the tissue and fluid. However, ND was least effective in increasing seminal vesicle weights, whereas ND was as effective as, or in some cases, more effective than, TP or DHT in increasing Cr and PCr levels in the tissue and fluid. The results confirm that the accumulation of Cr and PCr in the seminal vesicles is regulated by testosterone and DHT, and also suggest that the effects of androgens on seminal vesicle growth and secretory activity may be differentiated.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권9호
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• pp.670-679
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• 2021

Vesicle-associated membrane proteins 721 and 722 (VAMP721/722) are secretory vesicle-localized arginine-conserved soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (R-SNAREs) to drive exocytosis in plants. They are involved in diverse physiological processes in plants by interacting with distinct plasma membrane (PM) syntaxins. Here, we show that synaptotagmin 5 (SYT5) is involved in plant defense against Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 by regulating SYP132-VAMP721/722 interactions. Calcium-dependent stimulation of in vitro SYP132-VAMP722 interaction by SYT5 and reduced in vivo SYP132-VAMP721/722 interaction in syt5 plants suggest that SYT5 regulates the interaction between SYP132 and VAMP721/722. We interestingly found that disease resistance to Pst DC3000 bacterium but not to Erysiphe pisi fungus is compromised in syt5 plants. Since SYP132 plays an immune function to bacteria, elevated growth of surface-inoculated Pst DC3000 in VAMP721/722-deficient plants suggests that SYT5 contributes to plant immunity to Pst DC3000 by promoting the SYP132-VAMP721/722 immune secretory pathway.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2010

family (CMTM) is a novel family of proteins linking classical chemokines and the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF). Our earlier studies indicated several CMTM members (such as CKLF1 and CMTM2) have a secreted form. This is the first report of the secreted form of CMTM5-v1, the major RNA splicing form of CMTM5, which is produced as small vesicles (<100 nm diameter) and floats at a peak density of 1.19 g/ml on continuous sucrose gradients. CMTM5-v1 has no obvious co-localization with CD63 or Golgi complex. In addition, brefeldin A but not wortmannin can inhibit the secretion of CMTM5-v1. Our results suggest that CMTM5-v1 might be secreted via a different vesicle-mediated secretory pathway, which will be helpful for the studies of vesicle-mediated secretion and MARVEL domain-containing proteins.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.517-529
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• 2008

Porosomes are supramolecular, lipoprotein structures at the cell plasma membrane, where membrane-bound secretory vesicles transiently dock and fuse to release inravesicular contents to the outside during cell secretion. The mouth of the porosome opening to the outside, range in size from 150 nm in diameter in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas, to 12 nm in neurons, which dilates during cell secretion, returning to its resting size following completion of the process. In the past decade, the composition of the porosome, its structure and dynamics at nm resolution and in real time, and its functional reconstitution into artificial lipid membrane, have all been elucidated. In this mini review, the discovery of the porosome, its structure, function, isolation, chemistry, and reconstitution into lipid membrane, the molecular mechanism of secretory vesicle swelling and fusion at the base of porosomes, and how this new information provides a paradigm shift in our understanding of cell secretion, is discussed.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2004

Change in ${\beta}$-tubulin nucleic acid and protein sequences was the only known difference between Haemonchus contortus fenbendazole (FBZ)-resistant and -susceptible isolates. This change was sufficient to determine the pathologic effect induced by FBZ treatment. This research was initiated to investigate further differences from these two isolates. Since ${\beta}$-tubulin is involved in formation of microtubule, which has functions in secretory vesicle transport, DNase activities from excretory/secretory products (ESP) of the two isolates were compared, based on pH, sensitivity to DNase inhibitors, molecular masses and production of 3'-OH. The most significant difference detected was that a 38.5 kDa DNase activity was identified from ESP of H. contortus FBZ-susceptible isolates but not from those of H. contortus FBZ-resistant isolates. However, it was shown that the 38.5 kDa DNase is expressed with similar level of activity in intestine and whole worm of H. contortus FBZ-resistant and -susceptible isolates. This result demonstrated that the secretory transport pathway of the 38.5 kDa DNase was inhibited by unknown mechanisms, which may be related with ${\beta}$-tubulin sequence change in FBZ-resistant isolates. Other DNases of 34, 36 and 37 kDa were detected from ESP of both H. contortus FBZ-resistant and -susceptible isolates. Overall DNase activities found from ESP of these two isolates were not inhibited by 10 mM EDTA at pH 5.0, but largely inhibited by pH 7.0. In addition, DNase activities in two isolates produced DNA fragments with mixtures of 3'- hydroxyls (OH) and 3'-phosphates (P) at each pH although the 3'-end labeling ratios at pH 5.0 and 7.0 were shown different. Identification of inhibition of the 38.5 kDa DNase secretion in FBZ-resistant isolates suggests existence of further differences, in addition to ${\beta}$-tubulin sequence change, in two isolates. This shows complex effect of FBZ on H. contortus biological mechanisms.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2000

플라스틱 제품의 가소제 성분으로 쓰여지며, 내분비 교란물질로 알려져 있는 di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)가 흰쥐 부속생식선의 발달에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 미성숙한 상태의 웅성 흰쥐에 DEHP(1g/kg/day, 2g/kg/day, 3g/kg/day)를 15일간 구강으로 삽관 투여한 후, 저정낭 상피세포들을 중심으로 광학 및 전자 현미경적 관찰을 실시하였다. DEHP 투여에 의한 광학현미경적 변화로서는 분비선의 크기와 상피층의 두께가 감소하고, 강소 주변부위에서 교원섬유를 비롯한 결합조직 성분들이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 저정낭 분비세포들의 미세구조를 보면, 원주형의 대조군 세포들내 전자밀도가 높은 분비과립들은 소포내 가장자리에 치우쳐 있었고, 세포질내에서 조면소포체와 골지복합체가 잘 발달하였으며, 다수의 미세융모들이 존재하고 있었다. DEHP 1g을 처리한 실험군에서 분비세포들의 미세구조상의 뚜렷한 변화는 관찰되지 않았으나, 미세융모와 분비소포의 분포가 다소 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 2g을 처리한 실험군에서는 분비세포의 세포질이 감소하여 세포의 형태가 원주형에서 입방형으로 변화되었으며, 핵막이 불규칙한 모습을 보였고, 조면소포체의 발달이 미흡하였으며, 분비소포의 수도 크게 감소하였다. 3g을 처리한 실험군에서는 세포소기관들의 미세구조가 뚜렷한 변화를 나타냈다. 핵내 이질염색질이 크게 증가하였고, 세포질내에서 분비소포를 거의 관찰할 수 없었으며, 2차 리소솜이나 공포들도 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상과 같이, DEHP는 저정낭내 분비세포들의 분화 및 기능을 농도 의존적으로 억제하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 저해작용은 DEHP에 의한 테스토스테론의 농도 감소와 연관이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

세포벽은 진균류의 생존과 삼투안전성 유지에 필수적인 구조체로, 세포부착성 단백질이나 가수분해효소 등과 같은 생물학적 활성을 갖는 다양한 단백질이 결합하거나 그 속에 자리잡고 작용할 수 있게 한다. 최근 효모류인 Saccharomyces cerevisiae와 사상균인 Aspergillus nidulans에서 세포 내 단백질 분비 소낭의 하나인 COPI 소낭을 구성하는 ${\alpha}-COP$ 단백질에 돌연변이가 일어날 경우, 온도의존적 삼투감수성이 나타나는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 사실은 ${\alpha}-COP$이 베타-1,3-글루칸 합성효소 복합체를 구성하는 단백질과 세포벽 단백질의 이송과정에 중요한 역할을 함으로써 세포벽 안정성 유지에 기여함을 시사하는 것이다. 본 총설에서는 세포 내 단백질 이송기구 중에서도 COPI 소낭을 구성하는 ${\alpha}-COP$과 균류의 세포벽 형성과정과의 관계에 대하여 기술하는 한편, 단백질 분비기구에 결손이 생긴 돌연변 이주를 이용한 세포벽 합성기작에 대한 기초 및 응용연구의 가능성에 대하여 검토하여 보았다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2012

Circadian rhythmicity (e.g. secretory pattern of hormones) plays an important role in the control of reproductive function. We hypothesized that the alteration of feeding pattern via meal time shift/restriction might disrupt circadian rhythms in energy balance, and induce changes in reproductive activities. To test this hypothesis, we employed simple animal model that not allowing $ad$ $libitum$ feeding but daytime only feeding. The animals of $ad$ $libitum$ feeding group (Control) have free access to food for 4 weeks. The day feeding (=reverse feeding, RF) animals (RF group) have restricted access to food during daytime (0900-1800) for 4 weeks. After completing the feeding schedules, body weights, testis and epididymis weights of animals from both group were not significantly different. However, the weights of seminal vesicle (control : RF group = $0.233{\pm}0.014g$ : $0.188{\pm}0.009g$, $p$<0.01) and prostate (control : RF group = $0.358{\pm}0.015g$ : $0.259{\pm}0.015g$, $p$<0.001) were significantly lower in RF group animals. The mRNA levels of pituitary common alpha subunit ($C{\alpha}$; control : RF group = $1.0{\pm}0.0699$ AU : $0.1923{\pm}0.0270$ AU, $p$<0.001) and $FSH{\beta}$ (control : RF group = $1.0{\pm}0.1489$ AU : $0.5237{\pm}0.1088$ AU, $p$<0.05) were significantly decreased in RF group. The mRNA levels of ACTH were not significantly different. We were unable to find any prominent difference in the microstructures of epididymis, and there were slight alterations in those of seminal vesicles after 4 weeks of reversed feeding when compared to control samples. The present study demonstrates that the shift and/or restriction of feeding time could alter the pituitary gonadotropin expression and the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate in rats. These data suggest the lowered gonadotropin inputs may decrease androgen secretion form testis, and consequently results in poor response of androgen-dependent tissues such as seminal vesicle and prostate.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1995

The fine structure of the hemocytes in Wolf spider, Pardosa astrigera, is discribed and compared with that of similar cells in other spider species and insects. Five hemocyte types are identified in the hemolymph: prohemocyte, plasmatocyte, granulocyte, spherulocyte and adipohemocyte. Prohemocytes are small with a relatively undifferentiated cytoplasm. The nucleus is comparatively large and has a perinuclear space. Plasmatocytes and granulocytes are pinocytotic function in the hemolymph of the body. The plasmatocytes have some coated pits on the plasma membrane and well developed Golgi complex, The granulocytes appear sequence of events in the formation of coated vesicle from a coated pit on its plasma membrane. Golgi complex become well expressed and give rise to small secretory vesicles which fuse to large bodies. The spherulocytes are larger in cell size than other hemocytes. Their cytoplasm is filled with spherules. The spherules contain the floccurent materials and the helical structured materials, which are 220nm in length and 80nm in width. The adipohemocytes are oval shaped and have a number of lipid droplets.