• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.60 no.1
• /
• pp.61-76
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the errors and difficulties which pre-service secondary teachers shows during the task modification in consideration of the cognitive demand and to provide significant implications to the pre-service teacher education program related to the modification of the mathematical tasks. In the pursuit of this purpose, tasks were selected from perpendicular bisector units and 24 pre-service teachers were asked to modify the tasks to higher and lower level tasks. After the modification activities, opportunities for reflection and modification were provided. The findings from analysis are as follows. Pre-service teachers had a difficulty to distinguish between PNC tasks and PWC tasks. Also, We identified the interference phenomena that pre-service teachers depended on the apparent elements of the task. Pre-service teachers showed a tendency to overlook the learning objectives and learning hierarchy during the task modification, and to focus on some types of task modification. However, pre-service teachers were able to have meaningful learning opportunities and extend the category of tools to technology including Geogebra through self-reflection and correction activities on task modification. The above results were summed up and we presented the implications to the task modification program in the pre-service secondary teacher education.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.112-122
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is increasing, and diabetes patients have decreased bone density. Their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is diminished by the resultant physical dysfunction and depression. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing HRQoL in postmenopausal women with diabetes and osteoporosis. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Seventh Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018), which utilized a complex, multistage probability sample design. The participants in the study were 237 women with diabetes and osteoporosis. To evaluate the factors that influenced HRQoL, a complex-samples general linear model was constructed, and the Bonferroni correction was performed. Results: In this sample of women aged 45 to 80 years (mean±standard deviation, 71.12±7.21 years), the average HRQoL score was 0.83±0.18 out of 1.0. Factors influencing HRQoL were age (70s: t=-3.74, p<.001; 80s: t=-3.42, p=.001), walking for exercise more than 5 days a week (t=-2.83, p=.005), cerebrovascular disease (t=-8.33, p<.001), osteoarthritis (t=-2.04, p=.014), hypertension (t=2.03, p=.044), higher perceived stress (t=-2.17, p=.032), poor glycemic control (t=3.40, p=.001), waist circumference (t=-2.76, p=.007), sitting time per day (t=-2.10, p=.038), and a longer postmenopausal period (t=3.09, p=.002). Conclusion: In order to improve the HRQoL of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and diabetes, it is necessary to implement intervention strategies that enable the effective management of chronic diseases, while preventing the complications of diabetes and minimizing stress through physical activity.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2010

For the measurements of an absorbed dose using the standard dosimetry based on an absorbed dose to water the variety of factors, whether big, small, or tiny, may influence the accuracy of dosimetry. The beam quality correction factor ${\kappa}_{Q,Q_0}$ of an ionization chamber might also be one of them. The cylindrical type of ionization chamber, the PTW30013 chamber, was chosen for this work and 9 chambers of the same type were collected from several institutes where the chamber types are used for the reference dosimetry. They were calibrated from the domestic Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory with the same electrometer and cable. These calibrated chambers were used to measure absorbed doses to water in the reference condition for the photon beam of 6 MV and 10 MV and the electron beam of 12 MeV from Siemens ONCOR. The biggest difference among chambers amounts to 2.4% for the 6 MV photon beam, 0.8% for the 10 MV photon beam, and 2.4% for the 12 MeV electron beam. The big deviation in the photon of 6 MV demonstrates that if there had been no problems with the process of measurements application of the same ${\kappa}_{Q,Q_0}$ to the chambers used in this study might have influenced the deviation in the photon 6 MV and that how important an external audit is.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.604-607
• /
• 2016

"A smile is happiness you'll find right under your nose"- Tom Wilson. This quote holds true just for patients, not for surgeons. The correction of the nose always poses a challenge to the cosmetic surgeon. Deformities of the external and internal nose may be congenital or acquired and may be secondary to soft tissue and/or osseo-cartilaginous abnormalities, leading to aesthetic and/or functional consequences. Alar flare poses a common problem, sometimes alone and sometimes in conjunction with other external deformities. Alar base reduction is generally considered when the interalar distance exceeds the intercanthal distance. It has been well documented that this simple additional procedure brings about a substantial enhancement in the nose. Various techniques have been described and used in the past, each having their benefits and drawbacks, with the modified Weir wedge excision, Aufricht nasal sill excision, and Bernstein V-Y advancement being the common ones. We hereby describe a technique that is simple yet effective in achieving the desired results and at the same time aims at preventing relapse to obtain satisfactory long term results.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 1989

Unfavorable healing of maxillary fractures may impose functional and esthetic burdens upon the trauma victim. Malunited maxillary fractures are generally a result of treatment delay, incomplete or inaccurate immobilization of the fracture fragments, or infection. Dysfunctions of mastication, distortions in speech, gross defects in facial contour, and related psychic changes are problems which may require secondary correction. When it is necessary to delay definitive treatment or when inadequate maxillary fracture reduction is recognized within the first week following injury, the maxilla can be mobilized by heavy handed dental manipulation under anesthesia or by elastic traction to an external fixation appliance attached to the maxilla by arch bars or an acrylic splint. But malunited maxillary fracture that have progressed to bony malunion require osteotomy procedure in order to establish normal anatomic relationships. This report parents two cases of malunited unilateral maxillary fracture surgically corrected by unilateral Le Fort I osteotomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 1985

Congenital aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva is one of the rare congenital heart disease, which is usually asymptomatic until rupture. The aneurysm usually ruptures into a cardiac chamber and produces an aorto-intracardiac fistula. Ruptured aneurysm is a grave lesion in that it causes heart failure and subsequent death. If, however, it is discovered in its early stages and operated on properly, it can be corrected with considerable success. Form January 1975 through December 1984, 18 consecutive patients with congenital aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva underwent corrective surgery using total cardiopulmonary bypass in our department of Thoracic Surgery. 1. The incidence was about 0.9% of surgical cases of congenital heart disease during that period. 2. 13 were males and 5 females, with ages ranging 12 years to 52 years. 3. Associated anomalies were VSD in 14, infundibular PS in 1, aberrant muscle band in RVOT in 1, and secondary aortic insufficiency in 9. 4. 17 were suggested to arise from right coronary sinus and 1 from noncoronary sinus; Among 17, 12 ruptured into right ventricle, and one from noncoronary sinus into right atrium. 5. Surgical correction was performed by means of direct suture closure with combined pledget or patch graft after aneurysm resection, and associated lesions were also corrected simultaneously. 6. There was only one case of operative mortality, and all the other patients were relatively uneventful in their follow-up studies.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.607-620
• /
• 1998

The influence of transportation on air quality has been elevating in urban area. Air pollutants from automobiles cause primary and secondary air pollution, and need to be tightly controlled. In this study, the effect of automobile air pollutants on highway vicinity area was evaluated by the comparison of field measurement. and target was for modeling using CALINE3, NO2 was the target for this work. It was found that the concentration predicted by CALINE3 is overestimated at low wind speed and input data of wind speed requires correction. Based on the measured data, the wind speed was modified by effective wind speed equation [Ue=U+0.24·EXP(-pxU)], and there after the accuracy of CALINE3 calculation was improved neighborhood area of highway. It was also observed that weather conditions and traffic volume affect the concentration of air pollution. Finally, the NO2 effect of automobile air pollutants on the vicinity area of highway proved to be up to 400∼600m from the highway.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2012

After a visit by Peter Waddell from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK in 1991, Robert H. Koch launched a program at the University of Pennsylvania to build lightweight pneumatic membrane mirrors, initially for balloon flight observations where weight is at a premium. Mirror cells were fabricated from sizes 0.18 m to 1.77 m, and experiments conducted to characterize the mirror figure and stability. Most of the work stopped after Prof. Koch's retirement in 1996 until 2006 when the authors expressed an interest in building an array of medium-aperture portable telescopes. The program restarted in earnest at Gravic, Inc. in Malvern, PA in 2008 with Koch using his extensive observational astronomy experience to guide the fabrication of a fully operational 1.07 m membrane mirror telescope with an optical tube assembly weighing under 45 Kg. Residual wavefront aberrations remediation resulted in Koch and the authors investigating membrane tensioning techniques with different cell designs, active secondary wavefront correction, photometric algorithms for aberrated images, and the use of additional lightweight mirror substrates from the Alt-Az Initiative Group, such as foamed glass. The best result for the lightweight mirrors was a point spread function spot size of several arc seconds. A lightweight 1.6 m cast aluminum cell alt-az telescope was subsequently designed by Koch and the authors for prime focus use.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2017.11a
• /
• pp.199-200
• /
• 2017

In order to meet the international performance requirements for eLoran testbed operation, it is necessary to measure ASF (Additional Secondary Factor) of vessel's route as well as differential correction and the provision using differential Loran (dLoran) station operation. According to HEA (Harbor Entrance and Approach) performance of the IMO, the position accuracy should be within 10meters. Therefore this paper presents the possibility to meet the position accuracy of the IMO HEA through simulation results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.361-371
• /
• 2000

The 123Te(p,n)123I, 124Te(p,n)124I and 124Te(p,2n)123I reactions, among the many reaction channels opened, are the major reactions under consideration from a diagnostic purpose because reaction residuals as the gamma emitters are used for most radiophamaceutical applications involving radioiodine. Based on the available experimental data, the absorption cross sections and elastic scattering angular distributions of the proton-induced nuclear reaction on Te isotopes below 60 MeV are calculated using the optical model code APMNK. The transmission coefficients of neutron, proton, deuteron, trition and alpha particles are calculated by CUNF code and are fed into the GNASH code. By adjusting level density parameters and the pair correction values of some reaction channels, as well as the composite nucleus state density constants of the pre-equilibrium model, the production cross sections and energy-angle correlated spectra of the secondary light particles, as well as production cross sections and energy distributions of heavy recoils and gamma rays are calculated by the statistical plus pre-equilibrium model code GNASH. The calculated results are analysed and compared with the experimental data taken from the EXFOR. The optimized global optical model parameters give overall agreement with the experimental data over both the entire energy range and all tellurium isotopes.