• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined health behaviors, use of health services, and depression among women who perform daytime and shift work in Korea, as well as factors related to depression. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the 2018 data of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data on women, 1,493 regular daytime workers and 322 shift workers, were analyzed. Results: Women shift workers (χ²=43.97, p<.001), had a lower education level (χ²=45.56, p<.001), and lower personal income (χ²=16.85, p=.030) than their daytime counterparts. A higher proportion of shift workers were unmarried (χ²=37.47, p<.001) and they typically worked fewer than 40 hours per week (χ²=69.94, p<.001). The depression score of shift workers was higher than that of daytime workers (t=2.85, p=.005). A higher proportion of shift workers also drank alcohol (χ²=6.49, p=.032) and smoked (χ²=30.79, p<.001). Over 8% of shift workers typically slept fewer than 5 hours per night (χ²=14.17, p=.024). It was confirmed that depression in women shift workers was affected by age, personal income, marital status, health status, and smoking status, in addition to cancer screening participation, unmet medical care needs, and unmet dental care needs. Conclusion: More attention should be given to the health needs of women working shifts. Health promotion programs specific for women shift workers are needed to improve their physical and mental health, encourage use of medical care services, and improve public health policies and systems.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2021

Background: Protopanaxatriol (PPT) is a secondary intestinal metabolite of ginsenoside in ginseng. Although the effects of PPT have been reported in various diseases including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases, the skin protective effects of PPT are poorly understood. Methods: HaCaT cells were treated with PPT in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA and protein levels which related to skin barrier and hydration were detected compared with retinol. Luciferase assay was performed to explore the relative signaling pathway. Western blot was conducted to confirm these pathways and excavated further signals. Results: PPT enhanced the expression of filaggrin (FLG), transglutaminase (TGM)-1, claudin, occludin and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) -1, -2 and -3. The mRNA expression levels of FLG, TGM-1, HAS-1 and HAS-2 were suppressed under NF-κB inhibition. PPT significantly augmented NF-κB-luc activity and upregulated Src/AKT/NF-κB signaling. In addition, PPT also increased phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK, JNK and p38 and upstream MAPK activators (MEK and MKK). Furthermore, transcriptional activity of AP-1 and CREB, which are downstream signaling targets of MAPK, was enhanced by PPT. Conclusion: PPT improves skin barrier function and hydration through Src/AKT/NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Therefore, PPT may be a valuable component for cosmetics or treating skin disorders.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1624-1631
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• 2021

Prodigiosin as a high-valued compound, which is a microbial secondary metabolite, has the potential for antioxidant and anticancer effects. However, the large-scale production of functionally active Hahella chejuensis-derived prodigiosin by fermentation in a cost-effective manner has yet to be achieved. In the present study, we established carbon source-optimized medium conditions, as well as a procedure for producing prodigiosin by fermentation by culturing H. chejuensis using 10 L and 200 L bioreactors. Our results showed that prodigiosin productivity using 250 ml flasks was higher in the presence of glucose than other carbon sources, including mannose, sucrose, galactose, and fructose, and could be scaled up to 10 L and 200 L batches. Productivity in the glucose (2.5 g/l) culture while maintaining the medium at pH 6.89 during 10 days of cultivation in the 200 L bioreactor was measured and increased more than productivity in the basal culture medium in the absence of glucose. Prodigiosin production from 10 L and 200 L fermentation cultures of H. chejuensis was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses for more accurate identification. Finally, the anticancer activity of crude extracted prodigiosin against human cancerous leukemia THP-1 cells was evaluated and confirmed at various concentrations. Conclusively, we demonstrate that culture conditions for H. chejuensis using a bioreactor with various parameters and ethanol-based extraction procedures were optimized to mass-produce the marine bacterium-derived high purity prodigiosin associated with anti-cancer activity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2022

Objective : To study the factors relating to operative treatment for spinal metastasis in Thailand during 2005-2014 and to determine the hospital costs, mortality rate, and incidence of perioperative complication. Methods : Inpatient reimbursement data from 2005 to 2014 was reviewed from three national healthcare organizations, including the National Health Security Office, the Social Security Office, and the Comptroller General's Department. The search criteria were secondary malignant neoplasm of bone and bone marrow patients (International Classification of Diseases 10th revision, Thai modification codes [ICD 10-TM], C79.5 and C79.8) who underwent spinal surgical treatment (ICD 9th revision, clinical modification procedure with extension codes [ICD 9-CM], 03.0, 03.4, 03.09, and 81.0) during 2005-2014. Epidemiology, comorbidity, and perioperative complication were analyzed. Results : During the study period, the number of spinal metastasis patients who underwent operative treatment was significantly increased from 0.30 to 0.59 per 100000 (p<0.001). More males (56.14%) underwent surgical treatment for spinal metastasis than females. The most common age group was 45-64 (55.1%). The most common primary tumor sites were the unknown origin, lung, breast, prostate, and hepatocellular/bile duct. Interestingly, the proportion of hepatocellular/bile duct, breast, and lung cancer was significantly increased (p<0.001). The number of patients who had comorbidity or in-hospital complication significantly increased over time (p<0.01); however, the in-hospital mortality rate decreased. Conclusion : During the last decade, operative treatment for spinal metastasis increased in Thailand. The overall in-hospital complication rate increased; however, the in-hospital mortality rate decreased.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2023

In this study, five endophytic fungi belonging to the Aspergillus and Alternaria genera were isolated from Lagopsis supina. The antimicrobial activity of all fungal fermented extracts against Staphylococcus and Fusarium graminearum was tested using the cup-plate method. Among them, Aspergillus ochraceus XZC-1 showed the best activity and was subsequently selected for large-scale fermentation and bioactivity-directed separation of the secondary metabolites. Four compounds, including 2-methoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (1), 3,5-dihydroxytoluene (2), oleic acid (3), and penicillic acid (4) were discovered. Here, compounds 1 and 4 displayed anti-fungal activity against F. graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, F. stratum, Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahlia with diverse MIC values (128-512 ㎍/ml), which were close to that of the positive control antifungal, actidione (64-128 ㎍/ml). Additionally, compounds 1 and 4 also exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, with low MIC values (8-64 ㎍/ml). Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 displayed selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines as compared with the normal fibroblast cells. Therefore, this study proposes that the endophytic fungi from L. supina can potentially produce bioactive molecules to be used as lead compounds in drugs or agricultural antibiotics.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2023

In veterinary medicine, most radiographic images are obtained by restraining patients, inevitably exposing the restrainer to secondary scattered radiation. Radiation exposure can result in stochastic reactions such as cancer and genetic effects, as well as deterministic reactions such as skin burns, cataracts, and bone marrow suppression. Radiation-shielding equipment, including aprons, thyroid shields, eyewear, and gloves, can reduce radiation exposure. However, the risk of radiation exposure to the upper arms, face, and back remains, and lead aprons and thyroid shields are heavy, restricting movement. We designed a new radiation-shielding system and compared its shielding ability with those of conventional radiation-shielding systems. We hypothesized that the new shielding system would have a wider radiation-shielding range and similar shielding ability. The radiation exposure dose differed significantly between the conventional and new shielding systems in the forehead, chin, and bilateral upper arm areas (p < 0.001). When both systems were used together, the radiation-shielding ability was better than when only one system was used at all anatomical locations (p < 0.01). This study suggests that the new radiation-shielding system is essential and convenient for veterinary radiation workers because it is a step closer to radiation safety in veterinary radiography.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2001

목적 : 뇌수막종 환자들을 대상으로 선형가속기를 이용한 방사선수술을 시행한 결과에 대하여 환자의 임상적 증상과 방사선학적 추적검사를 통해 그 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1988년 7월부터 1998년 8월까지 20명의 뇌수막종 환자들을 대상으로 6 MV 선형가속기를 이용하여 방사선수술을 시행하였다. 20명의 환자들 중 4명$(20\%)$은 남성, 16명$(80\%)$은 여성이었으며, 평균연령은 51세($22\~78$세)였다. 종양의 뇌내 위치는 측시상동 부위(parasagittal area)와 접형골 부위(sphenoid wing)가 8례$(40\%)$로 가장 많았다. 방사선 수술 전에 시행한 신경외과적 수술의 횟수를 보면 1회 시행한 경우가 11례, 2회가 2례, 3회 시행한 경우가 1례였으며, 수술을 시행하지 않고 방사선수술만을 시행한 경우는 6례였다. 종양의 평균 부피는 $5.72\;cm^3\;(0.78\~15.1\;cm^3)$였으며, 2차 시준기(secondary collimator)의 지름의 중간 값은 2 cm $(1\~3\;cm)$이었다. 종양변연부의 평균조사량은 19.6 Gy $(9\~30\;Gy)$였다. 추적관찰기간은 $2.5\~109$개월로 중앙값은 53개월이었다. 결과 : 방사선학적 검사와 신경학적 검사상 모두 반응률은 $95\%$였다. 방사선추적검사상 종양의 부피가 줄어든 경우는 5례$(25\%)$, 종양의 부피에 변화가 없는 경우는 14례$(70\%)$, 그리고 종양의 부피가 증가된 경우가 1례$(70\%)$였다. 종양의 부피가 증가된 1례를 제외한 19명의 환자중, 4명의 환자에서 추적 영상 검사상 중심부괴사의 소견이 보였다. 임상적 증상의 호전여부에 따른 신경학적인 검사상 증상의 호전이 있었던 경우는 9명$(45\%)$, 증상의 변화가 없었던 경우는 10명$(50\%)$였다. 증상이 악화되었던 1명$(5\%)$의 환자는 수술을 시행하여, 방사선 괴사의 소견을 보였다. 결론 : 뇌수막종 환자들에서 선형가속기를 이용한 방사선수술은 부작용 없이 시행할 수 있는 효과적인 치료법으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4773-4780
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the effects of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting BCR/ABL mRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in the K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line and to provide a theoretical rationale and experimental evidence for its potential clinical application for anti-CML treatment. Materials and Methods: The gene sequence for BCR/ABL mRNA was found from the GeneBank. The target gene site on the BCR/ABL mRNA were selected according to Max-Planck-Institute (MPI) and rational siRNA design rules, the secondary structure of the candidate targeted mRNA was predicted, the relevant thermodynamic parameters were analyzed, and the targeted gene sequences were compared with BLAST to eliminate any sequences with significant homology. Inhibition of proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and colony-formation inhibiting test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and the morphology of apoptotic cells was identified by Giemsa-Wright staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of BCR/ABL fusion protein in K562 cells after siRNA treatment. Results: The mRNA local secondary structure calculated by RNA structure software, and the optimal design of specific siRNA were contributed by bioinformatics rules. Five sequences of BCR/ABL siRNAs were designed and synthesized in vitro. Three sequences, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786, which showed the most effective inhibition of K562 cell growth, were identified among the five candidate siRNAs, with a cell proliferative inhibitory rate nearly 50% after exposure to 12.5nmol/L~50nmol/L siRNA1384 for 24,48 and 72 hours. The 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786 for 24hours were 46.6 nmol/L, 59.3 nmol/L and 62.6 nmol/L, respectively, and 65.668 nmol/L, 76.6 nmol/L, 74.4 nmol/L for 72 hours. The colony-formation inhibiting test also indicated that, compared with control, cell growth of siRNA treated group was inhibited. FCM results showed that the rate of cell apoptosis increased 24 hours after transfecting siRNA. The results of annexinV/PI staining indicated that the rate of apoptosis imcreased (1.53%, 15.3%, 64.5%, 57.5% and 21.5%) following treamtne with siRNAs (siRNA34, siRNA372, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786). Morphological analysis showed td typical morphologic changes of apoptosis such as shrunken, fragmentation nucleus as well as "apoptotic bodies" after K562 cell exposure to siRNA. Western blot analysis showed that BCR/ABL protein was reduced sharply after a single dose of 50nmol/L siRNA transfection. Conclusions: Proliferation of K562 cells was remarkbly inhibited by siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, with effective induction of apoptosis at a concentration of 50 nmol/L. One anti-leukemia mechanism in K562 cells appeared that BCR/ABL targeted protein was highly down-regulated. The siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) may prove valuable in the treatment of CML.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2003

목적 : 속발성 담도부 종양에 의한 담도 페쇄로 방사선치료를 시행한 환자 중 고선량률 관내 근접치료를 시행한 환자를 대상으로 생존기간, 고식적 치료 효과, 예후인자, 치료에 수반된 부작용을 조사하여 방사선치료의 유용성에 대해 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 12월부터 20이년 8월까지 속발성 담도부 종양에 의한 담도 폐쇄가 발생한 24명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적인 연구를 하였다. 환자의 연령은 35세부터 82세(중앙 연령 58.5세)였다. 대상 환자를 원발 종양 부위에 따라 분류해 보면 위암이 12명, 담낭암이 6명, 간암이 3명, 췌장암이 2명, 대장암이 1명이었다. 환자의 중앙 추적조사기간은 7.2개월(3$\~$76개월)이었다. 외부방사선치료는 24명 중 18명에서 시행하였으며 매일 1.8$\~$2.5 Gy씩 주 5회 분할치료를 하였고 30$\~$61.2 Gy (중앙값 50 Gy)의 방사선량이 조사되었다. 고선량률 관내 근접치료는 주당 2회에서 3회를 치료하였고 16명의 환자는 일일분할선량을 3 Gy로, 8명의 환자에서는 분할선량을 2.5 Gy로 하루 2회 시행하는 방법으로 치료하였다. 고선량률 관내 근접치료의 총조사선량은 9$\~$30 Gy (중앙값 15 Gy)이었다. 결과 : 대상 환자 24명 중 22명은 추적기간 중 사망하였다. 환자의 중앙 생존 기간은 7.3개월이었고 6개월 이상 생존한 환자는 13명(54.2$\%$), 1년 이상 생존한 환자는 5명(20.8$\%$)이었다. 단일변량분석에서 1년 이상 생존에 영향을 준 유의한 인자는 총 방사선량50 Gy 이상)(p=0.0200)이었고 다변량분석에서도 총 방사선량(50 ey 이상)(p=0.0337)이 유의성을 보였다. 추적조사 기간 동안 5명의 환자에서 방사선치료로 인한 담도염이 의심되었다. 1명의 환자에서 치료후 7개월에 혈액담즙증(hemobllla)이 발생하였으나 이는 방사선치료에 의한 후기 합병증보다는 종양의 국소적인 진행에 의한 천공으로 생각되었다 결론 : 담도의 배액술을 시행한 후 고선량률 관내 근접치료를 시행할 경우 기존의 배액술만 시행한 환자에 비해생존기간의 연장이 기대되었고 고선량률 관내 근접치료를 외부방사선치료에 추가할 경우 추가 방사선량은 효과적으로 조사할 수 있었고 예후인자인 총 방사선량을 늘릴 수 있었다. 외부방사선치료 및 고선량률 관내 근접치료에 따른 부작용은 대증 요법에 의해 효과적으로 조절되어 안전한 치료였다

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.563-569
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• 2003

목적 : 흉막 삼출액에서 아밀라제가 증가된 경우에는 많은 원인 질환들이 있으며, 흔한 원인으로 췌장 질환과 식도 파열, 악성 질환 등이 있다. 여러 연구자들에 의하면 악성 질환이 흉막 삼출액에서 아밀라제가 증가하는 가장 흔한 원인이라고 보고되었다. 이처럼 다양한 원인 질환들과 아밀라제가 증가되어 있는 흉막 삼출액 사이의 여러 임상적인 면에 관한 국내의 보고는 아직 없는 실정이다. 방법 : 이에 연구자는 1998년 1월부터 2002년 8월까지 경상대학 병원에 내원한 흉막 삼출액 환자들 중에서 흉막액의 아밀라제 농도가 증가된 36명의 환자들을 대상으로 각 경우의 아밀라제 수치, 원인 질환, 악성 흉막액에서의 조직학적 세포 유형, 그리고 악성 흉막액의 아밀라제 농도와 포도당 농도간의 연관성에 대하여 조사하였다. 결과 : 흉막 삼출액에서 아밀라제가 증가한 환자 36명의 평균 연령은 57.2세(범위 32~73)였으며 50대와 60대가 가장 많은 분포를 나타내었다. 원인 질환별분포는 악성 질환 18명, 부폐렴 흉막 삼출액 8명, 췌장 질환 7명, 기타 질환 3명이었다. 췌장 질환의 경우 흉막액의 아밀라제 농도는 다른 원인에 의한 경우보다 높게 측정되었다(p<0.01). 악성 질환이 원인인 18예 중 원발성 폐암이 13예, 전이성 암이 5예있었고 조직학적 세포 유형은 선암 10예, 편평상피 세포암 2예, 세포 유형이 확실치 않은 6예가 있었으며 선암에서 흉막액의 아밀라제 농도는 다른 세포 유형의 암종에 비해 높게 측정되었다(p<0.01). 아밀라제가 증가한 악성 흉막액에서 아밀라제 농도와 포도당 농도간의 연관성은 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과 흉막 삼출액의 아밀라제가 증가한 원인 질환은 종전의 연구와 차이가 없었고, 그 원인으로 악성 질환에 의한 경우가 가장 많으며, 이중 원발성 폐암과 선암종이 가장 높은 빈도로 나타났고 또한 선암에서 아밀라제 농도가 높았다. 아밀라제가 증가된 악성 흉막액에서 아밀라제 농도와 포도당 농도와의 관계는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.