Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Enhancement of skin barrier and hydration-related molecules by protopanaxatriol in human keratinocytes

  • Lee, Jeong-Oog (Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Bio-Inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Konkuk University) ;
  • Hwang, So-Hyeon (Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Shen, Ting (Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University) ;
  • Kim, Ji Hye (Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • You, Long (Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Hu, Weicheng (Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University) ;
  • Cho, Jae Youl (Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • Received : 2020.09.11
  • Accepted : 2020.12.09
  • Published : 2021.03.01
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Abstract

Background: Protopanaxatriol (PPT) is a secondary intestinal metabolite of ginsenoside in ginseng. Although the effects of PPT have been reported in various diseases including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases, the skin protective effects of PPT are poorly understood. Methods: HaCaT cells were treated with PPT in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA and protein levels which related to skin barrier and hydration were detected compared with retinol. Luciferase assay was performed to explore the relative signaling pathway. Western blot was conducted to confirm these pathways and excavated further signals. Results: PPT enhanced the expression of filaggrin (FLG), transglutaminase (TGM)-1, claudin, occludin and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) -1, -2 and -3. The mRNA expression levels of FLG, TGM-1, HAS-1 and HAS-2 were suppressed under NF-κB inhibition. PPT significantly augmented NF-κB-luc activity and upregulated Src/AKT/NF-κB signaling. In addition, PPT also increased phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK, JNK and p38 and upstream MAPK activators (MEK and MKK). Furthermore, transcriptional activity of AP-1 and CREB, which are downstream signaling targets of MAPK, was enhanced by PPT. Conclusion: PPT improves skin barrier function and hydration through Src/AKT/NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Therefore, PPT may be a valuable component for cosmetics or treating skin disorders.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This paper was supported by Konkuk University, South Korea, in 2018.

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