• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

Purpose - This case study is dedicated to the study of the presence of KIA Motors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and its market and entry strategies for strategic globalization that allowed the company to establish itself within a conservative and clustered marketplace dominated by American and Japanese international brands. Research Design, data, and methodology - The main information for the case was gathered through an interview and questionnaire from the executives of the KIA Al Jabr, which got the exclusive dealership in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, secondary data were obtained from reliable and authoritative sources such as the Saudi government agency publications, newspapers, international business journals. Other related periodicals based on the results from previous and current studies on similar topics were critically reviewed as well. Results - The findings of this paper show the different business environments of the Saudi market and the importance of various points regarding the company's global entry strategy even if the host market culture is quite different in many ways from other international markets. Conclusions - This case can provide Korean companies interested in the Middle East with insight into market penetration and global strategy, and present various perspectives and implications for global market access as well.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.690-697
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• 2009

In the present study, production of compactin by Penicillium brevicompactum WA 2315 was studied. In the first step, various precultural parameters were studied by substituting one factor at a time. Subsequently, the effect of maltodextrin DE 18 on compactin production was studied. The optimized parameters gave maximum compactin production of 850 ${\mu}g/gds$as compared with 678 ${\mu}g/gds$before optimization. Statistical study was performed to further improve the production and develop a robust model. An improved yield of 950 ${\mu}g/gds$was obtained using the conditions proposed by the experimental model. The present study emphasizes the importauce of precultural and nutritional parameters on the production of compactin, and further confirms the usefulness of solid-state fermentation for the production of industrially important secondary metabolites. It also confirms that complex nitrogen sources such as oil cakes can be used for the production of compactin.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.484-499
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• 2015

This study explores the impact of a STEM integration teacher professional development program focusing on teachers' perception of engineering and their attitudes toward integrating engineering into teaching. A total of sixty-eight teachers from ten schools participated in the program for five days. Data are collected from three main sources including (1) pre and post concept maps probing teachers' perceptions about the engineering discipline, (2) a pre and post survey measuring teachers' self-efficacy of teaching science/mathematics within the engineering context, and (3) engineering integrated science and (or) mathematics lesson plans and teaching reflections. This study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative research methods depending on the data we have collected. The results show that both science and math teachers thought that integrating engineering into teaching provided valuable outcomes, i.e., promoting students' learning about engineering and improving their interest in science or math through real-world problem solving exercises. Participants also felt more comfortable about integrating engineering in their teaching after the program. The results also imply that the teachers' understandings of engineering become more concrete after the program. This study also provides an overview of the challenges and advantages of teaching engineering in K-12 science and mathematics classrooms.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to present education and holistic care of Elizabeth J. Shepping (1880~1934), a nursing missionary and a founder of the Chosun Nursing Association who visited Korea during the Japanese colonial period. Methods: Primary and secondary sources were collected and analyzed. Results: This study provides important implications regarding Shepping's holistic nursing as follows: First, she came to Korea after studying nursing and bibliology and being trained for nursing missionary works. Second, she cared for many Koreans, especially Korean women, to protect them from poverty, oppression, ignorance, and illnesses. Third, she continued to spread holistic care in hospitals and other local communities. She trained nurses, developed nursing education, and produced a large number of domestic nursing leaders by establishing women's Bible school. Fourth, she founded the Chosun Nursing Association, serving as its first president for 10 years and applied to join the International Council of Nurses (ICN). Conclusion: Finally, suggestions were provided for future research, and it will be necessary to study thoroughly nursing achievements by nurses from other countries who practiced their nursing activities in Korea, and such studies are expected to lead to analysis of nursing missionaries' experiences.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.102-115
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in commemoration of the 40th Anniversary of the Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing [KACHN]. Methods: Primary and secondary sources were collected and analyzed to show changes that KACHN has experienced. Results: In the 1970s it made the annual meeting regular and began research presentation. In the1980s regular symposiums were activated and as a result the academy could publish its own journal from 1989. In the 1990s the boards were selected from locals by turns and lots of papers and teaching materials were produced from collaborate researches of the members. In the 2000s, the journal was selected by the National Research Foundation in Korea and the academy began regular Korea-Japan Community Health Nursing Conference and hosted the 5th ICCHNR. Conclusion: In spite of great development, KACHN has new challenges. The number of members has increased so much that there are a few academies specialized in some fields of community health nursing. They have made the members' interest and loyalty weaker than during the pioneer days. KACHN should take the new role as a leader of international community health nursing research as well as the old role as a leader of Korean community health nursing research.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.2836-2849
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• 1996

Over ATM network, variable bit rate(or VBR) traffic is allowed. Control of VBR traffic is allowed. Control of VBR traffic becomes difficult if it is bursty. VBR video traffic becomes so much bursty during intra frame period that much cell loss would occur when satistical multiplexed in ATM swich. To aviod cellloss, extra communication resources should be allocated, which reduces the capability of an ATM channel. In this paper, we propose two methods which enable a channel limited in resources to serve more VBR MPEG video bit streams. Firstly, we could redue the bitrate fluction of a statiscally multiplexed bundle of VBR video bit streams by reducing the number of intra frames overlapped at the same frame period. This method can be used in ATM switch which controls multiple video sources. Secondary, in two layer enoding, statistical multiplexing gains can be icreased by letting peak bit rate durations of both layers not be overlapped. This results in more smooth traffic. The performance of proposed methods are demonstrated by a proposed calculation method of statistical multiplexing gains(or SMGs.) The proposed SMG is based on both delay and cell loss QoS requirements at the same time.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1530-1535
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• 2003

The utilization of unused energy is important because it can afford to offer a chance to increase energy efficiency of a heat pump system. One of the promising unused energy sources is river water. It can be used as a heat source in both heating and cooling effectively with its superior features as a secondary working fluids. In this study, the performance of a 5HP heat pump system using river water as a heat source is investigated by both experiment and simulation. According to system simulation results, performance improvement of condenser seems more effective than that of evaporator for better $COP_H$. The serial connection is also preferred among several methods to improve plate type heat exchanger performance. The experimental results show that the hot water of $50{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ can be acquired from water heat source of $5{\sim}9^{\circ}C$ with $COP_H$ of $2.7{\sim}3.5$.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.84-97
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• 1989

The influence of Zn, Si and Te diffusion on the interdiffusion in $GaAs-Ga_1_-xIN_xAs_1__yP_y$and InP$Ga_1__xIn_xAs_1__yP_y$ heterostructures was studied. The heterostructures were grown by liquid phase epitaxy, and the impurity diffusion into the heterostructures was carried out using metal compound or element sources. The extent of interdiffusion for both group III and V atoms was observed by depth profiling of matrix elements with secondary ion mass spectrometry and Auger electron spectroscopy. Selective enhancement of cation interdiffusion was observed by the concurrent Zn diffusion in both the GaAs based-and InP based-crystals. In contrast to the Zn diffusion, the Si diffusion in the GaAs based-crystal and the Te diffusion in the InP based-crystal enhanced both cation and anion interdiffusion to the same extent. A kick-out mechanism is proposed to explain the selective enhancement of the cation interdiffusion due to Zn, and a single vacancy mechanism is proposed for the interdiffusion due to Si and Te.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.39-44
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• 2009

Geothermal energy is the heat contained in the earth and its internal fluids. Geothermal energy is stored as sensible or latent heat. Supplied by both internal and external sources, it represents a vast supply which is only started to be tapped for generation of electric power. In general, this is natural dry or wet medium to high enthalpy steam at temperatures above $150^{\circ}C$. For some time, binary systems employing substances with a lower boiling point than water in a secondary circuit have been used to generate vapor for driving turbines at a lower temperature level. The utilization of binary plants and the possibility of production from enhanced geothermal systems can expand its availability on a worldwide basis. The geothermal electricity installed capacity is approaching the 10,000GW threshold. Geothermal energy is not present everywhere, but its baseload capability is a very important factor for its success.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.16-26
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• 1988

In the in-service inspections for the steam generator tubing of the nuclear power plants by the Eddy Current Testing, the ECT signals are evaluated by their phase. If oxidized copper sludge is piled up in the secondary side, however, big sludge signals occur in large quantities which originate from copper layers forming in the sludge piles due to the pitting mechanism of the steam generator tubing by $Cu^{2+}$, and modulate the defect signals, causing the difficulty in the defect detection. In this research, sludge specimens were prepared considering the formations of the sludge signal sources and multi-frequency ECT mixing experiments by different choices of the mixing standards were performed. The results were found to be 5 to 30% of the tube wall thickness over-estimated. Experiments using the ring-type mixing standards showed the least errors of all, while those with the mixing standards nearing the sludge conditions brought larger errors as a result of the influence of the interference between the defect and the copper layers.