• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
• /
• pp.195-201
• /
• 2008

In the jet engines on the aircrafts cruising at high altitude over 20 km and subsonic speed, the Reynolds number in terms of the compressor blades becomes very low. In such an operating condition with low Reynolds number, it is widely reported that total pressure loss of the air flow through the compressor cascades increases dramatically due to separation of the boundary layer and the secondary-flow. But the detail of flow mechanisms causes the total pressure loss has not been fully understood yet. In the present study, two series of numerical investigations were conducted to study the effects of Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of compressor cascades. At first, the incompressible flow fields in the two-dimensional compressor cascade composed of C4 airfoils were numerically simulated with various values of Reynolds number. Compared with the corresponding experimental data, the numerically estimated trend of total pressure loss as a function of Reynolds number showed good agreement with that of experiment. From the visualized numerical results, the thickness of boundary layer and wake were found to increase with the decrease of Reynolds number. Especially at very low Reynolds number, the separation of boundary layer and vortex shedding were observed. The other series, as the preparatory investigation, the flow fields in the transonic compressor, NASA Rotor 37, were simulated under the several conditions, which corresponded to the operation at sea level static and at 10 km of altitude with low density and temperature. It was found that, in the case of operation at high altitude, the separation region on the blade surface became lager, and that the radial and reverse flow around the trailing edge become stronger than those under sea level static condition.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.661-669
• /
• 1996

Proposed is an aero-acoustic performance prediction method of axial fan. The fan aerodynamic performance is predicted by combining pitch-averaged quasi 3-D flow analysis with pressure loss models for blade boundary layer and wake, secondary flow, endwall boundary layer and tip leakage flows. Fan noise is assumed to be radiated as dipole distribution type, and its generation is assumed to be mainly due to the vortex street shed from blade trailing edge. The fluctuating pressure and lift on the blade surface are analyzed by incorporating the wake vortex stree shed from blade trailing edge. The fluctuating pressure and lift on the blade surface are analyzed by incorporating the wake vortex street model with thin airfoil theory. The aero-acoustic performance prediction results by the present method are in good agreement with the measured results of several axial fans. With the present prediction method, parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of blade chord length and spacing on the efficiency and the noise level of fan. In the case of lightly loaded fan, both efficiency improvement and noise reduction can be achieved by decreasing chord length or by increasing blade specing. However, when fan is designed at highly loaded condition, the noise reduction by increasing blade spacing penalizes the attaninable efficiency of fan.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2008

A numerical study was performed for a vane of a compressor with a high-turning angle and meridional divergence. At first, the effect of the suction position was discussed. Then, the optimal suction position was applied to the cascades with the aspect ratio of 2.53 and 0.3, respectively, to get the knowledge of the effect of the endwall boundary layer removal on the secondary flow along the blade height. At last, using the critical principles of the three-dimensional separation, the topological structures of the flow patterns of the body surfaces and the separation configurations were discussed in detail. The results show that the largest reduction of the total loss can be achieved when the suction slot is near the suction side. The topological structure as well as the separation configuration varies due to boundary layer removal, which restrains the flow separation at the corner and delays or depresses the separation on the suction surface. Compared with the original cascade, the cascade with the endwall boundary layer removal has a higher blade loading along the most span. Furthermore the flow loss decreases and distributes uniformly along the span.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.150-158
• /
• 2002

Local heat/mass transfer and friction loss in a square duct roughened with various types of continuous and discrete rib turbulators are investigated. The combined effects of the gap flows of the discrete ribs and the secondary flows are examined for the purpose of the reduction of thermally weak regions and the promotion of the uniformity of heat/mass transfer distributions as well as the ;augmentation of average heat/mass transfer. The rib-to-rib pitch to the rib height ratio (p/e) of 8 and the rib angles of 90° and 60° are selected with e/D$\_$h/=0.08. The vortical structure of the secondary flows induced by the parallel angled arrays are quite distinct from that induced by the cross angled arrays. This distinction influences on heat/mass transfer and friction loss in all the tested cases. The gap flows of the discrete ribs reduce the strength of the secondary flows but promote local turbulence and flow mixing. Consequently, the angled discrete ribs with the small gaps provide a more uniform heat/mass transfer distribution sustaining high average heat/mass transfer.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.569-580
• /
• 2005

The present study investigates the convective heat/mass transfer characteristics in wavy ducts of a primary surface heat exchanger. The effects of duct aspect ratio and flow velocity on the heat/mass transfer are investigated. Local heat/mass transfer coefficients on the corrugated duct sidewall are determined using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The aspect ratios of the wavy duct are 7.3, 4.7 and 1.8 with the corrugation angle of $145\Omega$. The Reynolds numbers, based on the duct hydraulic diameter, vary from 300 to 3,000. The results show that at the low Re(Re $\leq$ 1000) the secondary vortices called Taylor-Gortler vortices perpendicular to the main flow direction are generated due to effect of duct curvature. By these secondary vortices, non-uniform heat/mass transfer coefficients distributions appear. As the aspect ratio decreases, the number of cells formed by secondary vortices are reduced and secondary vortices and comer vortices mix due to decreased aspect ratio at Re$\leq$1000. At Re >1000, the effects of corner vortices become stronger. The average Sh for the aspect ratio of 7.3 and 4.7 are almost same. But at the small aspect ratio of 1.8, the average Sh decreases due to decreased aspect ratio. More pumping power (pressure loss) is required for the larger aspect ratio due to the higher flow instability.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.491-502
• /
• 1995

핵연료집합체 부수로 유동장에 대한 상세한 정보에 기초해 교차류를 정확히 예측하는 것은 핵연료의 성능을 해석하는데 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 저-Reynolds 수 k-$\varepsilon$ 난류모형을 채택하여 인접한 두 부수로 사이에 발생하는 교차류를 해석하였다 또한, 2차유동을 정확히 모사하기 위해서 비등방성 대수응력모형을 사용하였다. 이상의 난류 모형은 유한요소법을 통해 해석되었으며 가용한 실험자료와 비교하여 검증하였다. 그리고, 부수로 유동장에 대한 수치해석 결과를 이용하여 횡방향 합력손실계수의 상관식을 구성하였다. 상관식은 교차류를 제공하는 부수로의 축방향 속도에 대한 교차류의 속도비, 제공받는 부수로의 Reynolds 수 그리고 Pitch-to-diameter의 함수로 구성되었다.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2002

침부식 (FAC, Flow-Accelerated Corrosion)에 의한 감육 문제는 원자력 발전소 배관관리에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 특히 FAC는 배관 내부 유체의 pH, 용존산소 농도, 유체 온도, 유속 및 습증기 분율 등과 배관의 형상 및 재료 등의 특정 조건에서만 발생하므로, FAC 문제를 관리하기 위해서는 체계적인 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 특정 CANDU원전의 2차계통 배관을 대상으로 관련 데이터베이스 구축, 구축된 데이터베이스를 이용한 FAC감육율의 예측 및 배관 잔여수명의 평가 등을 수행하였다. 또한 FAC 발생기구 및 FAC에 영향을 주는 요인에 대해서도 조사하였다. 습분분리기와 플래시탱크 사이 배관 라인의 해석 예로부터 FAC 문제를 관리하는 방안을 제시하였다. 제시된 방안은 국내 다른 원자력발전소의 배관 관리에도 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2015

As a core component of a hydropower station, hydro turbines play a vital role in the integration of a power station. Research on the technology of hydro turbine is continuously increasing with the development of water electricity. On the basis of one-dimensional loss analysis, for three-dimension design, there are a lot of dimension of the internal flow passage shapes that are determined by experience. Therefore, the effect of the internal flow passage shapes on the performance and internal flow characteristics of a Francis hydro turbine model is investigated in this study. In this study, the small curvature of runner blade trailing edge shape is good for improving the efficiency of Francis turbine. The straight stay vane leading edge is good for suppressing the secondary flow. Moreover, suitable tongue passage shape and stay vane number improve the performance of the turbine considerably.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 1996

In a fuel injection engine, atomization of liquid fuel and mixture formation process has influenced(or affected) directly on the engine performance and pollutant emission. In this study, the characteristics of fuel spray and the behaviors of secondary atomization developed at the downstream of the valves were investigated using an image processing method. Solid and perforated valves are chosen in order to evaluate the valve performance in terns of air flow rate, valve opening angle and valve shape. Experimental results clearly indicate that the spray atomization quality can be improved by increasing the perforated rat io and the blockage rat io in the perforated valve, the characteristics of spray atomization is improved by using the perforated valve with high perforated rat io and blockage ratio.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 1996

Finely atomized fuel droplet and good mixed mixture plays very important in improving combustion efficiency in an spark ignition engine. And combustion efficiency has influence directly on the engine power, fuel consumption rate and pollutant emission. In this study, perforated throttle valve which has relatively low value of PR has been developed and studied for the purpose of improving those aims. As a result of this study, it has been verified that the perforated throttle valve makes droplet more finely, and also proved that has a function of contributing to form good mixed mixture, especially in mixture preparation system of carburetor or SPI type spark ignition engine.