• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

Conjugate heat analysis on a high pressure turbine stage including secondary flow paths has been carried out. The secondary flow paths were designed to be located in front of the nozzle and between the nozzle and rotor domains. Thermal boundary conditions such as empirical based temperature or heat transfer coefficient were specified at nozzle and rotor solid domains. To create heat transfer interface between the nozzle solid domain and the rotor fluid domain, frozen rotor with automatic pitch control was used assuming that there is little temperature variation along the circumferential direction at the nozzle solid and rotor fluid domain interface. The simulation results showed that secondary flow injected from the secondary flow path not only prevents main flow from penetrating into the secondary flow path, but also effectively cools down the nozzle and rotor surfaces. Also thermal barrier coating with different thickness was numerically implemented on the nozzle surface. The thermal barrier coating further reduces temperature gradient over the entire nozzle surface as well as the overall temperature level.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2014

In applications of adaptive noise control or active noise control, the presence of a transfer function in the secondary path following the adaptive controller and the error path, been shown to generally degrade the performance of the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. Thus, the convergence rate is lowered, the residual power is increased, and the algorithm can become unstable. In general, in order to solve these problems, the filtered-x LMS (FX-LMS) type algorithms can be used. But these algorithms have slow convergence speed and weakness in the environment that the secondary path and error path are varied. Therefore, I present the new algorithm called the "Bi-directional Filtered-x (BFX) LMS" algorithm with nearly equal computation complexity. Through experimental study, the proposed BFX-LMS algorithm has better convergence speed and better performance than the conventional FX-LMS algorithm, especially when the secondary path or error path is varied and the impulsive disturbance is flow in.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2002년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.147-151
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• 2002

Cross flow fan system is widely used for various applications, especially for the air-moving device of heaters, air-conditioners, and air-curtains. Although there are efforts for the optimization of cross-flow fan flow path with different methods of approach, it is still being investigated by many researchers through experimentally and/or theoretically, because the flow pattern of the cross flow fan is not stereotyped. This paper presents some results from numerical experiments for the optimization of the flow path through a cross-flow fan to be applied to indoor wall-mounted room heater. Two dimensional analysis has been applied to a specific fan system including inlet and diffuser outlet. Flow characteristics art presented and discussed for two different flow path at three different operating conditions represented by rotational speed(800, 1,000, 1,200 rpm) of the In. According to the simulated results for the specific fan system under consideration, it could be found that the flow pattern resembles each other at different rotational speed (to say from 800 rpm to 1,200 rpm) for a fixed flow path, while the secondary flows mostly absorbs the speed effects. By changing the flow path significant increase in volume flow rate is estimated upto 2.65 at the same rotational speed. According to the present experience, fan flow path design can be performed more efficiently by incorporating this type of numerical experiments combined with the model tests.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1997

The reaction path of water-gneiss in 200m borehole at the Soorichi site of Yugu Myeon, Chungnam was simulated by the EQ3NR/EQ6 program. Mineral composition of borehole core and fracture-filling minerals, and chemical composition of groundwater was published by authors. In this study, chemical evolution of groundwater and formation of secondary minerals in water-gneiss system was modelled on the basis of published results. The surface water was used as a starting solution for reaction. Input parameters for modelling such as mineral assemblage and their volume percent, chemical composition of mineral phases, water/rock ratio reactive surface area, dissolution rates of mineral phases were determined by experimental measurement and model fit. EQ6 modelling of the reaction path in water-gneiss system has been carried out by a flow-centered flow through open system which can be considered as a suitable option for fracture flow of groundwater. The modelling results show that reaction time of 133 years is required to reach equilibrium state in water-gneiss system, and evolution of present groundwater will continue to pH 9.45 and higher na ion concentration. The secondary minerals formed from equeous phase are kaolinite, smectite, saponite, muscovite, mesolite, celadonite, microcline and calcite with uincreasing time. Modeling results are comparatively well fitted to pH and chemical composition of borehole groudwater, secondary minerals identified and tritium age of groundwater. The EQ6 modelling results are dependent on reliability of input parameters: water-rock ratio, effective reaction surface area and dissolution rates of mineral phases, which are difficult parameters to be measured.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제3권
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• pp.45-59
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• 1992

The flow characteristics varying with rate of the radius of curvature to width (Rc/B) in open channel bends are investigated with a simplified numerical model. Secondary flow velocity and transverise bed slope are formulated from the equations of momentum and force balance analysis, respectively. The conservation equations of mass and streamwise momentum are simplified by depth integration and its solution could be obtained from the explicit finite difference method. Three sets of computer simulation are executed. The rates of Rc/B adopted in simulations are 2.7, 5.4 and 8.1. The terms analyzed in this paper secondary flow velocity, streamwise velocity, the path of maximum steamwise velocity, deviation angle, and mass-shift velocity.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5B호
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• pp.469-479
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 사행수로에서 주 흐름과 이차류의 특성을 정량적으로 분석하고자 중심각이 $150^{\circ}$이고 사행도 1.52인 S자형 사행수로에서 실험을 수행하였다. 평균수심과 유량을 달리하여 다양한 실험 조건 하에서 수행한 실험을 통해 다중 만곡부를 갖는 사행수로에서 이차류의 공간적 변화양상을 관찰하였다. 실험결과, 주 흐름은 실험조건에 관계없이 직선구간에서 좌우 대칭적인 유속분포를 보였고, 만곡부에서는 내안쪽에 최대유속이 발생하고 외안쪽에 최소유속이 발생하는 현상을 발견 할 수 있었다. 이렇게 주 흐름이 최단노선을 따라 발생하는 현상은 기존 연구자들의 결과와 일치하는 것이다. 이차류의 거동은 첫번째 만곡부보다 두 번째 만곡부에서 더욱 활발하게 발달하고 외안 회전류가 뚜렷히 나타남을 발견하였다. 이차류의 강도는 직선구간에서는 낮게 나타나고 만곡부에서는 증가하는 주기적인 현상을 보였으며, 만곡부의 이차류 강도가 직선구간보다 2~3배 크게 나타났다. 또한, 두 번째 만곡부에서 이차류 강도의 최대값이 발생했다. 주 흐름방향의 난류 강도와 Reynolds 전단응력을 분석한 결과, 주 흐름 난류 강도는 주 흐름의 유속편차가 클수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났고 Reynolds 전단응력은 주 흐름방향 유속의 편차가 크게 벌어지는 동시에 이차류가 활발히 생성되는 지점에서 크게 나타나는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.291-301
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 치수 및 이수에 있어서 항상 어려움을 겪고 있는 개수로 만곡구간에서 하상재료의 변화에 따른 흐름 및 하상변동 특성을 분석하기 위하여 중심각 180'인 만곡수로를 제작하고, 모래(D50 = 0.26 MM, S = 1.54)와 안트라싸이트(D50 = 0.26 mm, S = 1.54)를 하상재료로 선택하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 최대세굴심은 만곡각 30'-60' 외측제방부근에서 평균수심의 약 2배까지 실측되었으며, 최대세굴심의 발생위치는 안트라싸이트인 경우에 모래에서보다 5'-15' 정도 상류부에서 관측되었다. 종단면 최대유속선은 하상재료와 관계없이 내측에서 외측으로 편의되고 있으며, 하상이 거칠수록 하류로 이동하였다. 하상이 매끄러울수록 흐름의 최대 편의각은 만곡수로 상류부에서 발생하고 있으며, 그 크기도 증가하였다. 안트라싸이트의 경우가 모래의 경우보다 2차흐름이 크게 발생하는 것으로 실측되었으며, 두개의 핵이 존재하는 현상이 관측되었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.835-842
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• 2003

A three dimensional numerical analysis has been conducted for a stoker type incinerator which has the capacity of 1.5 ton/hr. The objective of the present study is to predict the effects of swirl induced by secondary air and to find an optimal operating condition of the incinerator. In this study, combustion characteristics such as distributions of temperature, velocity and concentration of each species have been examined with various injection types of secondary air and with different flow rates of secondary air in the incinerator. It is found that the secondary air injection on the combustion process makes the path of fluid particle longer in the combustor and enhances the mixing between air and combustion gas by arousing a swirl. Therefore, the injection type of secondary air can be an important key in the design process of incinerator.

• 물과 미래
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.435-444
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• 1990

만곡수로에서의 곡률반경에 대한 하폭비 변화에 따른 흐름특성을 단순화된 수치모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 각 운동량 방정식과 힘의 평형원리로부터 각가 2차 흐름속도와 횡방향하상경사를 계산하였다. 깊이 방향으로 적분된 연속방정식과 흐름방향의 운동방정식을 양적 유한차분법으로부터 그 해를 구하였다. 곡률반경에 대한 하폭의 비를(Rc/B) 2.7, 5.4 및 8.1로 변화시키면 수치실험을 실행하여, 그 결과로부터 2차 흐름속도, 흐름방향유속, 최대유속의 이동경로, 편의각 및 질량이동유속에 관한 특성을 분석하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2021

In this study, we perform a 3D CFD conjugate analysis according to the shape of the foil ramp of the air foil thrust bearing, analyze the flow characteristics inside the bearing, and compare the results corresponding to the two shapes. Air has a lower viscosity than lubricating oil. Therefore, the thrust runner of the bearing must rotate at high speed to support the load. The gap between thrust runner and foil is significantly smaller than that of the oil bearing. Hence, it is crucial to analyze the complex flow characteristics inside the bearing to predict the complex flow inside the bearing and performance of the bearing. In addition, flow characteristics may appear differently depending on the ramp shape of the bearing foil, which may affect bearing performance. In this study, we numerically analyze the main flow path of air flowing into the bearing and the secondary flow path used for cooling the bearing using the commercial CFD software ANSYS CFX and compare the flow characteristics for straight and curved foil ramp shapes. Notably, there is a difference in the speed of the flowing air according to the shape of the ramp, which affects the bearing performance.