• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.136-150
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• 2015

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 11528은 담배를 숙주로 하여 wildfire disease를 일으키는 식물 병원성 세균이다. P. syringae pv. tabaci psyR deletion mutant를 이용하여 swarming motility, tabtoxin 생산능, siderophore 생산능, AHL 생산능 등의 phenotypic test를 수행하였다. psyR deletion mutant는 wild-type 균주보다 swarming motility가 증가하였고, tabtoxin 생산 또한 증가하였다. 하지만 siderophore와 AHL 생산능은 감소하였고 virulence 또한 지연되었다. 이러한 결과로 PsyR이 QS regulator로 작용한다는 사실과 더불어 병원성 유전자의 조절에도 관여한다는 것을 확인하였다. PsyR이 각각의 병원성 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 regulator들에게 미치는 영향을 전사단계에서 확인하기 위해 fur, gacA, psyI, prhI, prhA, hrpR, hrpA 유전자들을 정량적 real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) 방법으로 확인하였다. 또한 PsyR에 의한 병원성 유전자 조절이 DNA상에 직접적으로 결합하여 일어나는 것인지 아니면 다른 경로를 통해 간접적으로 일어나는 것인지를 확인할 필요가 있어 정제한 PsyR 단백질과 병원성 관련 유전자들의 upstream region 서열을 이용하여 electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA)를 수행한 결과 본 연구에서 선정한 병원성 관련 유전자들이 PsyR에 의해 직접적으로 조절되지는 않는다는 사실을 밝혔다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 1990

저자들은 최근 4일간의 우측 상복부 동통 및 경미한 황달을 주소로 내원한 71세 남자 환자에서 임상적으로 경피적 간담관조영술, 복부 초음파검사, 간기능 검사, 복강 동맥 조영술을 시행하여 Type II Mirizzi 증후군으로 진단된 1예를 치험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.730-735
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• 1993

최근 저자들은 스테로이드에 잘 반응하나 재발을 잘하고 천명음이 동반된 BOOP 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.565-570
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• 2009

Purpose: Numerous techniques have been introduced to reconstruct the perineal area in order to preserve function of both the recipient and the donor site while satisfying aesthetic results. There are several advantages of using the pudendal aretery perforator based flap in that it provides thin coverage of defect area and a relatively excellent circulation through perforators. The perineal region can be divided into two areas : the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle. Since each area differs in structure and function so does its reconstructive plan. The authors of this article report clinical results obtained from pudendal artery perforator based reconstructed cases according to each differrent triangles. Methods: A total of 15 patients who underwent perineal reconstruction were enrolled in our study between the year 2002 and 2006. There were 4 cases of vaginal cancer, 4 cases of extramammary Paget's disease, 1 case of rectovaginal fistula in females and 2 cases of Paget's disease and 4 cases of Fournier's gangrene in male cases. The follow up period was on average 6 month. In female, superfical pudendal artery perforator based local flap were used to reconstruct the urogenital triangle defects, while internal pudendal artery perfoator based local flaps were used to reconstruct the anal traingle defects. In males the gracilis myocutaneous flap and internal pudendal artery perforator based local flaps were used in reconstruction of the scrotum and perineal defect. Result: In females, there was 1 case of partial flap necorsis that employed the superficial pudendal artery perforator but secondary repair through the internal pudendal artery perforator based local flap was done. In addition, there were 4 wound dehiscence cases in females and 2 cases in males. Conclusion: We believe that a better aesthetic and functional outcome can be achieved in perineal reconstruction if discrete surgical planning is carried out systematically categorizing the choice of flap employed acccording to distinct anatomical regions : the urogenital and the anal triangle.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2019

본 연구는 지역사회 재가노인의 낙상 두려움에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2014 노인실태조사(2014년 6월 11일~ 9월 4일)에 참여한 65세 이상 노인 10,242명의 자료를 사용하여 이차자료 분석을 실시하였다. 낙상에 대한 두려움의 위험 요인을 확인하기 위하여 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 노인의 81.5%는 낙상에 대한 두려움이 있었다. 지역사회 재가노인의 낙상 두려움에 대한 유의한 예측요인은 성별(OR=2.87, p<.001), 교육(OR=1.73, p<.001), 동거 배우자 유무(OR=1.19, p=.02), 낙상 경험(OR=6.35, p<.001), 관절염(OR=1.83, p<.001), 우울(OR=2.25, p<.001), 인지 장애(OR=1.24, p=.001), 도구적 일상생활활동(OR=1.98, p<.001), 운동(OR=1.29, p<.001) 및 만성 질병의 수(3개 이상: OR=2.53, p<.001, 1~2개: OR=1.73, p<.001)였다. 즉, 낙상 두려움은 다요인적 상태와 관련이 있으며, 관절염은 낙상 두려움과 관련된 중요한 만성 질환으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 낙상 두려움과 관련한 프로그램 계획 및 정책 제안 시 기초 자료를 제공할 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권2호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2021

Background: Many chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients receiving monotherapy continue to experience symptoms, exacerbations and poor quality of life. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of direct switch from once-daily tiotropium (TIO) 18 ㎍ to indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) 110/50 ㎍ once daily in COPD patients in Korea. Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, parallel group, 12-week trial in mild-to-moderate COPD patients who received TIO 18 ㎍ once daily for ≥12 weeks prior to study initiation. Patients aged ≥40 years, with predicted post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) ≥50%, post-bronchodilator FEV₁/forced vital capacity <0.7 and smoking history of ≥10 pack-years were included. Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either IND/GLY or TIO. The primary objective was to demonstrate superiority of IND/GLY over TIO in pre-dose trough FEV₁ at week 12. Secondary endpoints included transition dyspnea index (TDI) focal score, COPD assessment test (CAT) total score, and rescue medication use following the 12-week treatment, and safety assessment. Results: Of the 442 patients screened, 379 were randomized and 347 completed the study. IND/GLY demonstrated superiority in pre-dose trough FEV₁ versus TIO at week 12 (least squares mean treatment difference [Δ], 50 mL; p=0.013). Also, numerical improvements were observed with IND/GLY in the TDI focal score (Δ, 0.31), CAT total score (Δ, -0.81), and rescue medication use (Δ, -0.09 puffs/day). Both treatments were well tolerated by patients. Conclusion: A direct switch from TIO to IND/GLY provided improvements in lung function and other patient-reported outcomes with an acceptable safety profile in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.46.1-46.18
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• 2020

Background: High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 ㎛ in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. Objectives: In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. Methods: High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2022

Objectives: Asthma is a chronic disease, and the demand for herbal medicines in this field has increased in recent years. The new findings highlight the role of the gut-lung axis in the pathophysiology of asthma. Hence, this study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of Glasthma syrup, an herbal formula based on Persian medicine, in improving asthma and regulating intestinal permeability. The formula consists of five herbal ingredients that have anti-inflammatory effects on the respiratory tract, also known as gut tonics. Methods: The study will be conducted as a placebo-controlled, triple-blind, randomized trial. It will consist of a 4-week intervention followed by a 4-week follow-up period. The target sample size is 20 patients with moderate asthma aged 18 to 60 years. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group in equal numbers. Patients in the experimental group will take Glasthma syrup (7.5 mL, twice a day), while patients in the control group will take a matching placebo. Both groups will receive a 4-week combination of a long-acting beta2 agonist and a leukotriene modulator as standard of care. Inhaled corticosteroids can be used as rescue medication as needed. Results: The primary outcomes are asthma symptom scale, lung function, and intestinal permeability. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, symptom recurrence rates, and blood tests. A safety assessment will also be conducted during the trial. Conclusion: In this trial, the effects of Glasthma syrup in patients with moderate asthma will be examined. The study will also assess the effects of the formulation on the gut-lung axis by simultaneously monitoring the gut permeability index, asthma symptoms, and lung function.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.891-899
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• 2023

목적 급성호흡기질환인 코로나바이러스감염증-19 (coronavirus disease 2019; 이하 COVID-19) 환자를 대상으로 한 음압격리들것(negative presurre isolation stretcher; 이하 NPIS)을 이용한 흉부 전산화단층촬영(이하 CT) 방식에 대해 전문의들의 경험과 의견을 확인하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 격리입원 중인 COVID-19 환자에게 NPIS를 이용한 흉부 CT 검사를 시행했던 9개 의료기관 소속 27명의 전문의들을 대상으로 1) 조영증강 흉부 CT가 필요한 경우, 2) NPIS를 이용한 흉부 CT의 영상품질, 그리고 3) CT 조영제주사를 위한 NPIS 개방과 CT 검사실의 오염을 주제로 설문조사를 진행하였다 결과 조사대상인 9개의 의료기관들은 기관당 한 해 평균 116건의 COVID-19관련 흉부 CT 검사를 NPIS와 함께 진행했으며. 전체 검사 건수 중 평균 24건(21%)이 조영증강 흉부 CT였다. 설문에 참여한 호흡기내과 전문의 9명 중 5명(56%)은 환자의 혈중 D-dimer 이상이 확인되면 조영증강 CT가 필요하다고 의견을 밝혔다. 한편 영상의학과 전문의 9명 모두는 NPIS로 인한 흉부 CT 영상의 품질은 폐렴 또는 폐혈전 진단이 가능한 수준이라 답하였다. 또한 감염내과 전문의 9명 중 5명(56%)은 NPIS의 개방으로 인한 CT 검사실의 이차감염은 소독을 통해 예방할 수 있는 수준으로 생각하고 있었다. 결론 격리입원 중인 COVID-19 환자에서 NPIS와 함께 흉부 CT를 진행하더라도 CT의 품질은 진단이 가능한 수준이며 NPIS가 CT 검사실 내에서 잠시 개방되더라도 CT 검사실의 감염확산 위험은 높지 않은 것으로 전문의들은 인식하고 있었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.20
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• 2022

The gastrointestinal tract is the first organ directly affected by fasting. However, little is known about how fasting influences the intestinal immune system. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) capture antigens, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, and provoke adaptive immune responses. We evaluated the changes of intestinal DCs in mice with short-term fasting and their effects on protective immunity against Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Fasting induced an increased number of CD103⁺CD11b^- DCs in both small intestinal lamina propria (SILP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN). The SILP CD103⁺CD11b^- DCs showed proliferation and migration, coincident with increased levels of GM-CSF and C-C chemokine receptor type 7, respectively. At 24 h post-infection with LM, there was a significant reduction in the bacterial burden in the spleen, liver, and mLN of the short-term-fasted mice compared to those fed ad libitum. Also, short-term-fasted mice showed increased survival after LM infection compared with ad libitum-fed mice. It could be that significantly high TGF-β2 and Aldh1a2 expression in CD103⁺CD11b^- DCs in mice infected with LM might affect to increase of Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells. Changes of major subset of DCs from CD103⁺ to CD103^- may induce the increase of IFN-γ-producing cells with forming Th1-biased environment. Therefore, the short-term fasting affects protection against LM infection by changing major subset of intestinal DCs from tolerogenic to Th1 immunogenic.