• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.665-672
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• 2015

Purpose: The aims of current study were to assess the inhaler competency and medication adherence, and to identify association of inhaler competency with medication adherence in patients with obstructive lung disease. Methods: We did a secondary analysis of the Hanyang Obstructive Pulmonary Evaluation data in a single institution from June 2014 to April 2015 after an approval of Institutional Review Board. A total of 150 patients with asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease participated in the study. Inhaler competency was evaluated accuracy in each step for using metered dose inhaler. Medication adherence was calculated using actually dispensed doses based on the prescribed inhaler doses. Results: Older adults (${\geq}65$) had lower competency in using inhaler (66.7 vs 83.3, z=-4.52, p<.001) and poorer medication adherence (67.7 vs 91.8, $x^2=14.06$, p<.001) than adults (<65). Inhaler competency was associated with medication adherence (p=.26, p=.001). Surprisingly, more than 50% of patients were current smokers. Conclusion: Inhaler competency and medication adherence were lower in older adults with obstructive lung disease than those in adult-age patients. Therefore, an individual education program for older patients should be developed to improve the rates of proper use of inhalers. Nursing management for obstructive lung disease should focus on developing behavioral intervention strategies for smoking cessation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.156-162
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• 2021

Background: It is estimated that 20-30% of ginseng crops in Canada are lost to root rot each harvest. This disease is commonly caused by fungal infection with Ilyonectria, previously known as Cylindrocarpon. Previous reports have linked the virulence of fungal disease to the production of siderophores, a class of small-molecule iron chelators. However, these siderophores have not been identified in Ilyonectria. Methods: High-resolution LC-MS/MS was used to screen Ilyonectria and Cylindrocarpon strain extracts for secondary metabolite production. These strains were also tested for their ability to cause root rot in American ginseng and categorized as virulent or avirulent. The differences in detected metabolites between the virulent and avirulent strains were compared with a focus on siderophores. Results: For the first time, a siderophore N,N',N"-triacetylfusarinine C (TAFC) has been identified in Ilyonectria, and it appears to be linked to disease virulence. Siderophore production was suppressed as the concentration of iron increased, which is in agreement with previous reports. Conclusion: The identification of the siderophore produced by Ilyonectria gives us further insight into the root rot disease that heavily affects ginseng crop yields. This research identifies a molecular pathway previously unknown for ginseng root rot and could lead to new disease treatment options.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2023

Purpose: Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a burdensome disease affecting many children. A clinical examination is reported to be unreliable to diagnose GERD in children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptom and Quality of Life Questionnaire (PGSQ) and endoscopic and histopathological findings in children with symptoms suggesting GERD. Changes in the PGSQ score in children with esophagitis as response to one month therapy were recorded as secondary outcome. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study in the pediatric outpatient clinic in an Indonesian tertiary hospital. Children aged 2-17 years old with clinical symptoms suspected of GERD are included in the study. Blinded endoscopic and histopathological examination was performed in all patients before one month proton pump inhibitors (PPI) therapy. The PGSQ information was collected at inclusion and after one month PPI treatment. Results: Fifty-eight subjects were included. Esophagitis was found in 60.9% of subjects according to endoscopy and 58.6% according to histology. There was no significant relationship between the PGSQ score and endoscopic (p=0.781) nor biopsy (p=0.740) examinations. The PGSQ showed a low diagnostic value compared to endoscopy and biopsy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.477, p=0.477, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.326-0.629 and AUC 0.474, p=0.740 (95% CI 0.321-0.627 respectively). The PGSQ improved significantly post one month of PPI treatment. Conclusion: The PGSQ cannot be used to diagnose esophagitis in children with clinical symptoms suggesting GERD. However, the PGSQ can be used to monitor the treatment response in children with esophagitis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.2
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• pp.302-309
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• 2020

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked metabolic disorder that is characterized by the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in various organs, resulting from the deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A. Cardiac involvement is relatively common; myocardial inflammation, left ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis secondary to abnormal lipid deposition in myocytes are often observed. Hence, the diagnosis of cardiac involvement is crucial for evaluating patient prognosis. Cardiac MRI is the standard technique for measuring the function, volume, and mass of the ventricles. It is also useful for myocardial tissue characterizations. The evaluation of native myocardial T1 values can facilitate early diagnosis of cardiac involvement, while measurements of left ventricular myocardial mass can be used to monitor treatment outcomes, in patients with Fabry disease. Consequently, cardiac MRI can provide useful information for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating patients with Fabry disease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.739-745
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• 2000

xWe studied about the causes of hypertension in the occidental and oriental medical records and the results are as follows. 1. The causes of hypertension in oriental medicine can be divided into wind, fire, phlegm and deficiency of Qi in our body, and broadly into three categories as emotions in excess, improper diet and damages of endogenous etiological factors. 2. Hypertension is the disease of undermining of fundamental aspects while prevailing incidental aspects and liver, heart and kidneys are the organs mainly related to hypertension. 3. The main pathological factors of hypertension are as follows; the disorder of Yin and Yang makes the situation of the deficiency of the vital essence of kidneys and the exuberance of the vital essence of liver and they are the fundamentals to be taken hypertension and finally make the state of the deficiency of both Yin and Yang. 4. In the point of occidental medical view, the essential hypertension is a disease of unknown etiology and we think it occurs not on the only one factor but on the various factors and secondary hypertension occurs from the diseases of the substances and the vessels of kidneys.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.191-196
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• 2003

Silkworm body and rearing seat disinfection is an integral part of effective silkworm rearing as it prevents the spread of various diseases through secondary contamination in the rearing bed. Many bed disinfectants are recommended by various research institutes in India. In the present study, eight bed disinfectants viz., Vijetha, Labex, Resham Jyothi, Sanjeevini, Suraksha, Reshamkeet Oushadh, Dithane M45 and Captan recommended by various Sericultural Research Institutions in the country against the spread of common diseases of silkworm were tested to determine their comparative efficacy. For the study, all the treatment batches were introduced with fixed number of specific diseased larvae so as to maintain a constant source of pathogen in the bed and then followed by treatment with respective bed disinfectants. Percent mortality/infection due to each disease was recorded to determine efficacy of bed disinfectant treatment against respective disease. The results show that all the bed disinfectants tested have considerable efficacy against the spread of various diseases in the rearing bed. However, Vijetha was distinctly superior in its efficacy against all four major diseases of silkworm. The study emphasize the role of bed disinfectants in silkworm rearing and the fact that they should be judiciously selected based on the efficacy of the bed disinfectant and the type of disease prevalent in a particular season and area.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.488-492
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• 2016

Rhodococcus species have become increasingly important owing to their ability to degrade a wide range of toxic chemicals and produce bioactive compounds. Here, we report isolation of the Rhodococcus sp. KB6, which is a new leaf-inhabiting endophytic bacterium that suppresses black rot disease in sweet potato leaves. We determined the 7.0 Mb draft genome sequence of KB6 and have predicted 19 biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, including heterobactins, which are a new class of siderophores. Notably, we showed the first internal colonization of host plants with Rhodococcus sp. KB6 and discuss its potential as a biocontrol agent for sustainable agriculture.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.535-539
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• 2002

Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by vesiculobullous skin disease in neonates and infants, a noninfectious disease that should be distinguished from infectious diseases with the neonatal seizure or encephalopathy. This disease is X-linked dominant with Xq28 region abnormalities and often associated with developmental defects of the ocular, skeletal, dental, and central nervous system. Central nervous system involvement in the neonatal period, or complicated by encephalopathy, may cause severe neurologic impairment, retardation or even death. We experienced a case of incontinentia pigmenti in a three-day-old female patient who had characteristic papulovesicular skin lesions and partial seizures with secondary generalization. Histopathological examination favored the diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti and a brain MRI showed undifferentiated white matters with periventricular nodular lesions.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.290-299
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to examine risk factors for unawareness of obstructive airflow limitation among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: Secondary data analysis was performed with the data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES; 2013-2014). The data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS 22.0 version using frequency, percentage, odds ratio, and logistic regression. Results: Ninety-eight percent of subject with a pulmonary function test score of $FEV_1/FVC$<0.7 (N=833) did not recognize that their lung function was impaired. The heavy drink, absence of tuberculosis or asthma diagnosis, and no symptom of expelling phlegm were identified as major risk factors for unawareness of airflow limitation. Conclusion: In order to increase awareness of airflow limitation and to prevent the worsening of the condition, the pulmonary function screening test should be provided to community residents including those who do not show symptoms of respiratory illness.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.74-84
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to evaluate the effects of intervention for CVD prevention in construction workers. Methods: A total of 497 workers participated the health status survey and finally 90 workers were analyzed for evaluation of the intervention with the one-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from the questionnaires and health examinations in the healthcare service for road constructor's CVD prevention as secondary analysis. The intervention of the healthcare was composed of CVD prevention education for all workers and face to face counselling for the high risk group of CVD risk during 6 months in workplace. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. Results: The moderate and high risk groups of CVD were 9.7% and 0.8%. After the intervention, the physical activity (MET-min/week) significantly increased (Z=-5.46, p<.001). But, there were no significant differences in blood pressure, fasting glucose, body mass index, and CVD risk appraisals between pre and post intervention. Conclusion: The findings imply that it is necessary to develop the health promotion program for construction workers which fully reflects the characteristics of individuals and the organization.