• Carbon letters
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.118-126
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• 2004

MCMB (Mesocarbon microbeads) is a kind of anode material for lithium-ion secondary battery. MCMB charge/discharge cycle stability is one of the important criterion at lithium-ion battery operation. In this study, the cycling stability of a lithium-ion secondary battery has been examined. MCMB was made by the direct solvent extraction method. After the MCMB was carbonized and graphitized, the measurement of charge/discharge capacity and efficiency were carried out. In the result, discharge capacity of MCMB in the initial cycle was above 290.0 mAh/g. After the second cycle, efficiency of charge/discharge MCMB was about 98%. These results were similar to the commercial MCMB product.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.571-574
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• 2000

In this study, Tin oxide thin film for secondary battery was deposited on Pt/Ti/Si(100). It was fabricated by r.f. reactive sputtering with Tin metal target. At constant power (130W), pressure (Base 5$\times$10$^{-6}$ Torr, working 5$\times$10$^{-3}$ Torr) and at room temperature, it was fabricated by Ar/O2 gas ratio. After deposition, we got AFM & SEM to investigated surface of thin films and had XRD to find crystalline of thin films. Charge/discharge characteristics were carried out in 1M LiPF$_{6}$ , EC:DMC = 1:1 liquid electrolyte using lithium metal at room temperature.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.250-251
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• 2012

This paper proposes a new secondary battery charger/discharger available for zero voltage discharge which is used for test equipments and formation. The proposed system is able to discharge the battery to zero voltage which does not matter to voltage drop of circuit. The validity of proposed system is verified by experiment.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.42-46
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• 2023

Currently, fossil resources are depleting rapidly. We are looking for energy to replace fossil fuels. They are trying to use electricity to replace internal combustion locomotives. Secondary battery raw materials and chemical additives are pulverized by the high-speed rotation of the grinding disc of the Classifier Separator Mill. Grinding Disc Assembly requires characteristics to withstand abrasion, corrosion, high-speed rotational force and impact. Domestic and foreign grinding discs were analyzed through abrasion resistance, hardness, bending strength, and tensile adhesion strength tests.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

As parts are becoming more complex and smaller with the development of new materials, high-quality laser precision processing is getting the limelight. Laser enables quick processing and less deformation of materials. It also enables welding with diverse materials. In this study, the pole rod and tap for the secondary battery were laser-welded using cross and coaxial nozzles. The results of the comparative analysis of cross and coaxial nozzles according to the processing parameters showed that the coaxial nozzle had more sensitive welding characteristic to the nozzle position or pressure than the cross nozzle. This indicated that the processing parameters should be carefully determined for the welding with the coaxial nozzle. The pole rod and tap were welded together in a form of T joint to improve the output of the secondary battery, and the cross nozzle had a better welding characteristic than the coaxial nozzle.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1065-1069
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• 1998

This study was investigated to improve peformance of carbon negative electrode for lithium ion secondary battery. The carbon electrode was prepared by mixing with graphitic carbon material, natural graphite, and nongraphitic carbon material, petroleum cokes, which was heat-treated at $700^{\circ}C$ for l hour. Its electrochemical and charge-discharge characteristics were tested according to mixing ratio of different two types of carbon material. The carbon electrode prepared with various mixing ratio showed both charateristcs of two different types of carbon materials and the best characteristics as carbon electrode was demonstrated at mixing ratio of 1:1.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 2005

The natural graphite particles A and heat-treated graphite particles B at $1800\;^{\circ}C$ after pitch-coating were used as the anode base materials for lithium ion secondary battery. In order to improve the performance of anode materials, the base anode materials were treated with various acids. With the acid treatments of 62% $HNO_3$ and 95% $H_2SO_4$ aqueous solution, the specific surface area and electrical conductivity of base anode materials were increased, and the initial charge-discharge capacity and cycle performance were improved due to the elimination of structural defects.

• Carbon letters
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.243-248
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• 2011

Two different types of graphite, such as flake graphite (FG) and spherical graphite (SG), were used as anode materials for a lithium-ion secondary battery in order to investigate their electrochemical performance. The FG particles were prepared by pulverizing natural graphite with a planetary mill. The SG particles were treated by immersing them in acid solutions or mixing them with various carbon additives. With a longer milling time, the particle size of the FG decreased. Since smaller particles allow more exposure of the edge planes toward the electrolyte, it could be possible for the FG anodes with longer milling time to deliver high reversible capacity; however, their initial efficiency was found to have decreased. The initial efficiency of SG anodes with acid treatments was about 90%, showing an over 20% higher value than that of FG anodes. With acid treatment, the discharge rate capability and the initial efficiency improved slightly. The electrochemical properties of the SG anodes improved slightly with carbon additives such as acetylene black (AB), Super P, Ketjen black, and carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, the cyclability was much improved due to the effect of the conductive bridge made by carbon additives such as AB and Super P.

• Carbon letters
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• v.1 no.3_4
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• pp.170-177
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• 2001

Lithium intercalated carbon (LIC) are basically employed as an anode for currently commercialized lithium secondary batteries. However, there are still strong interests in modifying carbon surface of active materials of the anode because the amount of irreversible capacity, charge-discharge capacity and high rate capability are largely determined by the surface conditions of the carbon. In this study, the carbonaceous materials were coated with tin oxide and copper by fluidized-bed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and their coating effects on electrochemical characteristics were investigated. The electrode which coated with tin oxides gave the higher capacity than that of raw material. Their capacity decreased with the progress of cycling possibly due to severe volume changes. However, the cyclability was improved by coating with copper on the surface of the tin oxides coated carbonaceous materials, which plays an important role as an inactive matrix buffering volume changes. An impedance on passivation film was decreased as tin oxides contents and it resulted in the higher capacity.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.252-256
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• 2001

The rapid development of communication equipment and information processing technology has led to a constant improvement in cordless communication. Lithium ion batteries used in cellular phones and laptop computers, in particular, have been in the forefront of the above revolution. These batteries use high value added raw materials and have a high and stable energy output and are increasingly coming into common use. The development of the material for the negative terminal has led to an improvement in the quality and efficiency of the batteries, whereas a reduction in the cost of the battery by researching new materials for the positive anode has become a research theme by itself. These long life batteries, it is being increasingly realized, can have value added to them by recycling. Research is increasingly being done on recycling the aluminum case and the load casing for the negative diode. This paper aims to introduce the current situation of recycling of lithium ion batteries. 1. Introduction 2. Various types of batteries and the situation of their recycling and the facts regarding recycling. 3. Example of cobalt recycling from waste Lithium ion secondary cell. 3-1) Flow Chart of Lithium ion battery recycling 3-2) Materials that make a lithium ion secondary cell. 3-3) Coarse grinding of Lithium ion secondary cell, and stabilization of current discharge 3-4) Burning 3-5) Grinding 3-6) Magnetic Separation 3-7) Dry sieving 3-8) Dry Classifying 3-9) Content Ratio of recycled cobalt parts 3-10) Summary of the Line used for the recovery of Cobalt from waste Lithium ion battery. 4. Conclusion.