• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.620-629
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• 2003

Fingerprinting schemes are techniques applied to protect the copyright on digital goods. These enable the merchants to identify the source of illegal redistribution. Let us assume the following situations connectedly happen: As a beginning, buyer who bought digital goods illegally distributed it, next the merchant who found it revealed identity of the buyer/traitor, then the goods is illegally distributed again. After this, we describe it as“The second illegal redistribution”. In most of anonymous fingerprinting, upon finding a redistributed copy, a merchant extracts the buyer's secret information from the copy and identifies a traitor using it. Thus the merchant can know the traitor's secret information (digital fingerprints) after identification step. The problem of the second illegal distribution is that there is a possibility of the merchant's fraud and the buyer's abuse: that is a dishonest employee of the merchant might just as well have redistributed the copy as by the buyer, or the merchant as such may want to gain money by wrongly claiming that the buyer illegally distributed it once more. The buyer also can illegally redistribute the copy again. Thus if the copy turns up, one cannot really assign responsibility to one of them. In this paper, we suggest solution of this problem using two-level fingerprinting. As a result, our scheme protects the buyer and the merchant under any conditions in sense that (1) the merchant can obtain means to prove to a third party that the buyer redistributed the copy. (2) the buyer cannot worry about being branded with infamy as a traitor again later if he never distribute it.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2023

This study tried to suggest the most effective advertising copy strategy according to the value type of cosmetic brands. For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted using a 3(brand value) × 3(copy type) factorial design. The research results are as follows. First, in the case of luxury brands, monologue-type copy showed the highest advertising effect (advertising attitude and purchase intention). Second, in the case of premium brands, solicitation-type copy showed the highest advertising attitude. However, there was no significant difference in purchase intention.. Third, in the case of the scalpel brand, the interactive copy showed the highest advertising effect (advertising attitude and purchase intention). These results provided the theoretical basis that it is effective to differentiate and use the copy type according to the value type of the cosmetic brand, and it will be used in the copy strategy for practitioners who produce cosmetic advertisements.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.136-144
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• 2010

Two types of informations are used for content-based video copy detection: spatial information and temporal information. The spatial information means content-based image fingerprint. This image fingerprint must have following characteristic. First, Extraction is simple. Second, pairwise independence for random selected two images. At last, Robust for modifications. This paper proposed image fingerprint method for contents based video copy detection. Proposed method's extraction speed is fast because this method's using block average, first order differentiation and second order differentiation that can be calculated add and minus operation. And it has pairwise independence and robust against modifications. Also, proposed method feature makes binary by comparisons and using coarse to fine structure, so it's matching speed is fast. Proposed method is verified by modified image that modified by VCE7's experimental conditions in MPEG7.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2023

This study tried to verify the context effect in cosmetics advertisements by examining the cosmetics advertisement effect according to whether the brand image and the model image matched, and whether the brand image and the advertisement copy were harmoniously perceived. To this end, data were collected using the brand value type (3) × advertisement copy type (3) factorial design. The results are as follows. First, as a result of confirming the advertising effect according to the matching of the cosmetic brand image and the model image, it was found that both the advertising attitude and purchase intention were significantly high when the model image and the brand image matched. Second, it was confirmed whether there was a difference in the advertisement effect according to whether the cosmetic brand image and copy type matched. As a result, consumers who perceived that the cosmetic brand image and copy type matched had significantly higher advertising attitudes and purchase intentions than consumers who perceived that the copy type did not match. It is expected that it will provide validity as to whether the copy strategy should be established by incorporating the context effect when setting up a copy strategy for cosmetics advertisements in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.190-201
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• 2006

A Study on the Effect of Metaphor in Public Service Advertising. The study carried out a positivistic research on university students with a view to contributing to the building of a metaphoric ad strategy by analyzing the effect of metaphoric expressions in public service advertising, which showed the following: First, the metaphoric ads using positive approach and indirect copy were effective for heightened emotional attitude of viewers. Second, the metaphoric ads using positive approach and indirect copy were effective for heightened source credibility, which was further heightened when the two were simultaneously used. Third, the metaphoric ads using positive approach and indirect copy were effective for heightened design preference, and the design preference became even preferable when the two were simultaneously used. Fourth, the metaphoric ads using indirect copy were effective for behavioral intention. The study suggested that the strategy of adopting metaphoric ads with indirect copy of positive approach was quite useful in strengthening the effect of public service advertising.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.417-426
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• 2008

The effect of increasing levels of proclavaminate amidino hydrolase (Pah) on the rate of clavulanic acid production in Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 was evaluated by increasing dosoge of a gene (pah2) encoding Pah. A strain (SMF5703) harboring a multicopy plasmid containing the pah2 gene showed significantly retarded cell growth and reduced clavulanic acid production, possibly attributable to the deleterious effects of the multicopy plasmid. In contrast, a strain (SMF5704) carrying a single additional copy of pah2 introduced into chromosome via an integrative plasmid showed enhanced production of clavulanic acid and increased levels of pah2 transcripts. Analysis of transcripts of other genes involved in the clavulanic acid biosynthetic pathway revealed a pattern similar to that seen in the parent. From these results, it appears that clavulanic acid production can be enhanced by duplication of pah2 through integration of a second copy of the gene into chromosome. However, increasing the copy number of only one gene, such as pah2, does not affect the expression of other pathway genes, and so only modest improvements in clavulanic acid production can be expected. Flux controlled by Pah did increase when the copy number of pah2 was doubled, suggesting that under these growth conditions, Pah levels may be a limiting factor regulating the rate of clavulanic acid biosynthesis in S. clavuligerus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.3-8
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• 2001

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the common, five-carbon building block in the biosynthesis of all carotenoids, IPP in Escherichia coli is synthesized through the non-mevalonate pathway. The first reaction of IPP biosynthesis in E. coli is the formation of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP), catalyzed by DXP synthase and encoded by dxs. The second reaction in the pathway is the reduction of DXP to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate, catalyzed by DXP reductoisomerase and encoded by dxr. To determine if one or more of the reactions in the non-mevalonate pathway controlled flux to IPP, dxs and dxr were placed on several expression vectors under the control of three different promoters and transformed into three E. coli strains (DH5(, XL1-Blue, and JM101) that had been engineered to produce lycopene. Lycopene production was improved significantly in strains transformed with the dxs expression vectors. When the dxs gene was expressed from the arabinose-inducible araBAD promoter (PBAD) on a medium-copy plasmid, lycopene production was 2-fold higher than when dxs was expressed from the IPTG-inducible trc and lac promoters (Ptrc and Plac, respectively) on medium-copy and high-copy plasmids, Given the low final densities of cells expressing dxs from IPTG-inducible promoters, the low lycopene production was probably due to the metabolic burden of plasmid maintenance and an excessive drain of central metabolic intermediates. At arabinose concentrations between 0 and 1.33 mM, cells expressing both dxs and dxr from PBAD on a medium-copy plasmid produced 1.4 - 2.0 times more lycopene than cells expressing dxs only. However, at higher arabinose concentrations lycopene production in cells expressing both dxs and dxr was lower than in cells expressing dxs only. A comparison of the three E. coli strains transformed with the arabinose-inducible dxs on a medium-copy plamid revealed that lycopene production was highest in XL1-Blue.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.141-145
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• 2001

Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) is the common, five-carbon building block in the biosynthesis of all carotenoids. IPP in Escherichia coli is synthesized through the non-mevalonate pathway. The first reaction of IPP biosynthesis in E. coli is the formation of l-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP), catalyzed by DXP synthase and encoded by dxs. The second reaction in the pathway is the reduction of DXP to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate, catalyzed by DXP reductoisomerase and encoded by dxr. To determine if one or more of the reactions in the non-mevalonate pathway controlled flux to IPP, dxs and dxr were placed on several expression vectors under the control of three different promoters and transformed into three E. coli strains (DH5$\alpha$, XL1-Blue, and JMl0l) that had been engineered to produce lycopene. Lycopene production was improved significantly in strains transformed with the dxs expression vectors. When the dxs gene was expressed from the arabinose-inducible araBAD promoter ( $P_{BAD}$) on a medium-copy plasmid, lycopene production was 2-fold higher than when dxs was expressed from the IPTG-inducible trc and lac promoters ( $P_{trc}$ and $P_{lac}$, respectively) on medium-copy and high-copy plasmids. Given the low final densities of cells expressing dxs from IPTG-inducible promoters, the low lycopene production was probably due to the metabolic burden of plasmid maintenance and an excessive drain of central metabolic intermediates. At arabinose concentrations between 0 and 1.33 roM, cells expressing both dxs and dxr from $P_{BAD}$ on a medium-copy plasmid produced 1.4 - 2.0 times more lycopene than cells expressing dxs only. However, at higher arabinose concentrations lycopene . production in cells expressing both dxs and dxr was lower than in cells expressing dxs only. A comparison of the three E. coli strains transformed with the arabinose-inducible dxs on a medium-copy plasmid revealed that lycopene production was highest in XLI-Blue.LI-Blue.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.225-229
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• 2012

Background: Males have a higher prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than females in general, but the reasons for the sex disparity are still obscure. DNA copy number alteration (CNA) is a major feature of solid tumors including HCC, but whether CNA plays a role in sex-related differences in HCC development has never been evaluated. Methods: High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to examine 17 female and 46 male HCC patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Shanghai, China. Two-tailed Fisher's exact or ${\chi}^2$ tests was used to compare CNAs between females and males. Results: The overall frequencies and patterns of CNAs in female and male cases were similar. However, female HCC tumors presented more copy number gains compared to those in males on 1q21.3-q22 (76.5% vs. 37.0%, P = 0.009), 11q11 (35.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0002) and 19q13.31-q13.32 (23.5% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.004), and loss on 16p11.2 (35.3% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.009). Relative to females, male cases had greater copy number loss on 11q11 (63.0% vs. 17.6%, P = 0.002). Further analyses showed that 11q11 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.042), 11q11 loss (P = 0.011) and 16p11.2 loss (P = 0.033), while 1q21.3-q22 gain correlated with 19q13.31-q13.32 gain (P = 0.046). Conclusions: These findings suggest that CNAs may play a role in sex-related differences in HBVassociated HCC development.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.653-661
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• 2012

High-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) is a redundancy protocol for Ethernet networks that provides two frame copies for each frame sent. Each copy will pass through separate physical paths, pursuing zero fault recovery time. This means that even in the case of a node or a link failure, there is no stoppage of network operations whatsoever. HSR is a potential candidate for the communications of a smart grid, but its main drawback is the unnecessary traffic created due to the duplicated copies of each sent frame, which are generated and circulated inside the network. This downside will degrade network performance and might cause network congestion or even stoppage. In this paper, we present two approaches to solve the above-mentioned problem. The first approach is called quick removing (QR), and is suited to ring or connected ring topologies. The idea is to remove the duplicated frame copies from the network when all the nodes have received one copy of the sent frame and begin to receive the second copy. Therefore, the forwarding of those frame copies until they reach the source node, as occurs in standard HSR, is not needed in QR. Our example shows a traffic reduction of 37.5%compared to the standard HSR protocol. The second approach is called the virtual ring (VRing), which divides any closed-loop HSR network into several VRings. Each VRing will circulate the traffic of a corresponding group of nodes within it. Therefore, the traffic in that group will not affect any of the other network links or nodes, which results in an enhancement of traffic performance. For our sample network, the VRing approach shows a network traffic reduction in the range of 67.7 to 48.4%in a healthy network case and 89.7 to 44.8%in a faulty network case, compared to standard HSR.