• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2018

As men in their 30s are spending more money on clothing, it is becoming increasingly important to first conduct an anthropometric study and then develop garment patterns accommodating the changes found in body sizes and types of men in their 30s, in order to effectively address their fit dissatisfaction. Thus this study aims to explore changes in upper body sizes and body types of men in their 30s, which provide basic measurements for designing major garment items including jackets and shirts. To this purpose, key anthropometric dimensions of the upper body of men in their 30s, taken from the 6th (2015) and 7th (2016) surveys conducted by Size Korea, were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Independent sample t-tests were conducted on major upper body sizes to track changes with measuring time. Factor and cluster analyses were used to classify body types. By comparing the two surveys, it was found that the overall body sizes of men in their 30s were increasing in height-related items, circumference, thickness, and width, -as well as body weight and BMIs. Upper body height-related items, in particular, showed a higher average value in the 6th survey than in the 7th, indicating that the overall body types of men are becoming "westernized" with longer legs and shorter torso. Finally, five factors were derived to determine the typical upper body types of men in their 30s and the body types were classified into three categories according to the cluster analysis. First, those with a relatively small build with short stature and torso. Second, those with the highest stature and vertical dimension with the smallest torso volume and least body fatness. Third, those with the biggest torso volume and most body fatness with bigger width between armpits and shoulders. The distributional pattern analysis showed that men in their 30s tend to have increasingly higher stature but lower body weight and BMIs than in the past, implying that their body types are becoming close to those of men in their 20s.

• 복식
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the historical changes, and analyze functions and characteristics of western men's underclothes in the second half of the 20C. This study will examine how the social backgrounds influenced on the changes of the functions of men's underclothes and how the changes of outer garments were reflected on underclothes in the second half of the 20C. In the early, the second half of the 20C, underwears of functions was continued to cleanliness and comforts. In the later of the 20C, underwears came to be seen as expressing male sexual power when it became body-conscious. By the changes of outer garments. underclothes changed the same size of proportion. In the late 1960's, the turtleneck type of shirts were copied by outer garments, and we understand that underwear can influence on outer garments. The ruffles of the 18th century reappeared in the 1960's. This reactionism of the late 20C tells us about the relation between social environments and underwear. So the social backgrounds influenced on the formativeness of men's underclothes. We understand that underwear can influence on outer garments and outer garments can influence on underwear, too. The important characteristics of the second half of the 20C were the remarkable resemblance of some styles to those of the Past and the occasional blurring of the distinction between underwear and outerwear.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.410-420
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was to evaluate the effects of the dietary energy levels on the physiological parameters and reproductive performance during gestation over three parities in sows. Methods: A total of 52 F1 gilts ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments using a completely randomized design. The treatments contained 3,100, 3,200, 3,300, or 3,400 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg diet but feed was provided at 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4 kg/d in the first, second and third parity, respectively. Results: The body weight and body weight gain during gestation increased as the dietary energy level increased (p<0.05, and p<0.01) in the first parity. In the second parity, the body weight of sows was the lowest (p<0.05) when 3,100 kcal of ME/kg treatment diet was provided. The body weight was higher as the dietary energy level increased (p<0.05) during the gestation period in the third parity. During lactation, the voluntary feed intake of lactating sows tended to decrease when gilts were fed higher energy treatment diet (p = 0.08) and the body weight, body weight gain were increased by dietary energy level during gestation (p<0.05). Backfat thickness was not affected by dietary treatment during the gestation period in three parities, interestingly backfat change from breeding to d 110 of gestation was higher as the dietary energy level increased at the first parity (p<0.05). When gilts were fed 3,400 kcal of ME/kg treatment diet a higher number of weaning piglets was observed in the first parity (p<0.05). The highest culling rate (69%) was seen when gestating sows were fed 3,100 kcal/kg ME treatment diet during three parities. Conclusion: In conclusion, the adequate energy intake of gestating sows should be 6,400 or 6,600 kcal of ME/d, 7,040 or 7,260 kcal of ME/d, and 7,680 or 7,920 kcal of ME/d for parity 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 자기지전류 탐사법에 대한 3차원 이상체의 모형 반응 결과를 분석하였다. 분석에 이용된 3차원 모형은 비전도성 배경 매질 내에 전도성 고립이상체가 존재하는 모형과, 같은 모형에 전도성 표토층을 추가한 모형이다. 지하의 전도성 이상체에 의한 겉보기 전기비저항 이상에는 뚜렷한 주파수 의존성이 존재하며, 이는 이상체 주변에 발생되는 전류 집중 및 유도 전류 거동의 주파수 의존성 때문이다. 지표에서 tipper와 induction vector의 반응에도 뚜렷한 주파수 의존성이 존재하였으며, 그 외에도 tipper와 induction vector의 반응은 이상체의 위치와 직접적인 연관성이 존재하였다. 또한, 2차원 탐사를 가정하여 한 측선에서 겉보기 전기비저항과 위상, induction vector를 분석하면, 3차원 이상체의 존재 여부 및 위치 파악에 도움을 줄 것으로 판단되었다. 전도성 표토층을 추가한 모형의 반응은 대체적으로 고립이상체 모형의 반응과 비슷한 양상을 나타내었지만, 전도성 표토층의 영향으로 이상체에 의한 반응의 크기가 감소하였으며, 이상체의 영향이 나타나는 영역도 크게 감소하였다. 위와 같이 본 연구에서 논의된 3차원 모형 반응에 대한 분석 결과 및 그 방법은 지하 구조의 3차원 반응의 이해와 MT 탐사 자료의 해석에 효과적인 지침이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2002

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to get knowledge about osteopathy and to applicate the osteopathy to oriental medicine. Methods: We investigated several books and literatures on osteopathy related sites explored by internet to know the general theories and present conditions of osteopathy in Korea and other countries. Results & Conclusion : 1. The principles of osteopathy are as follows. First, the human being is a dynamic unit of function. Second, the body possesses self regulating mechanisms which are self healing in nature. Third, structure and function are reciprocally interrelated. Fourth, the body rational therapy is based upon knowledge and use of the above three principles. 2. Doctors of osteopathy evaluate the musculoskeletal system to identify structural problems and to support the body's natural tendency toward health and self healing. 3. We can applicate the osteopathy to oriental clinical medicine based on interpreting the principles of osteopathy.

• 소음진동
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2000

This paper deals with the development of biomechanical model on a seat with backrest support in the vertical direction. Four kinds of biomechanical models are discussed to depict human motion. One DOF model mainly describes z-axis motion of hip, two and three DOF models describe z-axis of hip and head, and while nine DOF model suggested in this study represents more motion than the otehr model. Three kinds of experiments were executed to validate these models. The first one was to measure the acceleration of the floor and hip surface in z-axis, the back surface in x-axis, and the head in z-axis under exciter. From this measurement, the transmissiblities of each subject were obtained. The second one was the measurement of the joint position by the device having pointer and the measurement of contact position between the human body and the seat by body pressure distribution. The third one was the measurement of the seat and back cushion by dummy. The biomechanical model parameters were obtained by matching the simulated to the experimental transmissiblities at the hip, back, and head.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.717-726
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• 1995

This study was to investigate the validity of energy measurement system by using different body size and sex of rats and feed supplementation methods. There appeared no statistical differences in energy(AME, AMEn) utilization between male and female rats with average 200g body weight, and between male rat of 200g and 300g body weight. Glucose replacing corn in the basal diet or replacing diet itself at a level of 30% by weight appeared to have the same metabolizable energy value, suggesting that either methods to supplement test ingredient brought about the same results. Consequently, following suggestions could be made from results of present study : first, Sprague-Dawley rate of either sex weighing 200-300g may be used as an animal model to obtain in vivo metabolizable energy from dietary carbo-hydrates or sea foods. Second, the testing ingredients may be added at the expence of corn in the basal diet at 30% level.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2001

The design of automobile body assembly line is one of essential parts for improving the process performance. The major objective of this research is to develop a performance evaluation model for automobile assembly line using a closed queueing network(CQN) and simulation method. In this study we used a two-step approach to compute the performance of the assembly line : first, we used CQN model considering assembly line equipments and the line operating time under the assumption of no failure, and second we used a well-known simulator FACTOR/AIM. Finally we implemented this model on a K automobile company and we have shown the sample results of automobile body assembly line.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2006

This paper is concerned with an optimal control suspension system using the preview information of road input based on a quarter car model. The main purpose of the control is to combine good vibration isolation characteristics with improved attitude control. The optimal control law is derived with the use of calculus of variation, consisting of three parts. The first part is a full state feedback term that includes integral control acting on the suspension deflection to ensure zero steady-state deflection in response to static body forces and ramp road inputs. The second part is a feed-forward term which compensates for the body forces when they can be detected, and the third part depends on previewed road input. The performance of the suspension is evaluated in terms of frequency domain characteristics and time responses to ramp road input and cornering forces. The effects of each part of the suspension controller on the system behavior are examined.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.100-106
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to measure perceived joint discomfort in the seated and standing position, and to provide a ranking system of joint discomfort measured in this study. Seven male subjects with no history of musculo-skeletal disorders participated in the experiment. Their physical characteristics were: age -$27.6 {\pm}1.8$ years, stature -$171.0 {\pm}5.5cm$, and body weight -$66.4{\pm}9.3kg$. The results showed that perceived joint discomfort was different depending on the human body joints involved in motion and their movement directions, which imply that the human body motions should be classified intoseveral distinct classes that need to be assigned different weights of postural stress. In the seated postion, the hip movement was the most stressful, the back was the second, and the shoulder was the third. Similarly, in standing postures, the hip was given the highest ranking, followed by the back, and the wrist.