• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of expressionism in the space of deconstructive architecture by comparing the spaces of "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" video with the expressionist characteristics of film narrative structure and expressionist architecture and making an expansion based on the results. The findings were as follows: first, the "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" is divided into two set spaces: one has the perspective representation distorted in the viewpoint of a mad person applied to it, and the other reflects the viewpoint of a normal person from medieval paintings with no perspective. Second, the expressionist buildings did not reflect the expressionist characteristics in the interior spaces as fully as in the exterior ones. Third, the incomplete combination of Signifiant and $Signifi{\acute{e}}$, which were the theoretical basis of deconstructive architecture, showed a tendency of binary opposition like the double narrative structure of "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari." Fourth, deconstructive architecture seems to embody the exterior form and interior space of "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" and its set spaces in the phenomenal aspect but exhibits its limitations with the realization of dynamics, one of the characteristics of expressionism. Finally, the Seattle Public Library presents the best embodiment of expressionist characteristics found in the set spaces of "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" while seeking after the combination of horizontal and vertical paths of action through the spiral ramps and inclined slabs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 1985

In order to observe the effect of mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliance (MORA) on body strength, the author measured back muscle strength with Digital Back Muscle DYNAMOMETER (TAKEI KIKI KOGYO Co., Tokyo, Japan) before MORA, 15 days after and 30 days after MORA in 12 men and then analysed them statistically. The subjects were weight-lifting athletes of Seoul Athletic High School without dysfunction of masticatory system. MORA was fabricated at 1.0-1.5rnm isotonically closed position (Myocentric Occlusion Position) from mandibular rest position (Myocentric Rest Position) using Myo-monitor (MyoTronics Research Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA) and-SVT C-II (Tokyo Shizaisha Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The results were as follows : 1. The mean of back muscle strength before MORA was 150 kg, that of 15 days after MORA was 165 kg (4.43% increase than before), and that of 30 days was 175 kg (10.76% increase than before). 2. There was a significant difference among back muscle strength before MORA, 15 days after and 30 days after MORA (P<0.01: repeated measures one-way ANOVA). 3. According to the result of determining mandibular position for MORA fabrication, mandibular rest position after relaxation with Myo-monitor was 3.2mm lower, 1.0mm posterior, and 0.5 mm left from centric occlusion. And the mean of the amount of lateral deviation was 0.7 mm.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore fashion design and merchandising students' perception of creativity and the copyright protection of apparel design. A survey with open-ended questions was developed and distributed to a total of 100 fashion major students with specializations in apparel design and merchandising from three different universities located in a northwestern state of the United States. A majority of respondents showed their awareness that copying apparel design is ethically wrong and counterfeiting is legally wrong. They were able to distinguish between copying and interpreting and were aware that incorporating limited elements from inspirations was ethically acceptable. However, many of the students look for design inspiration from secondary sources, such as existing designers' works which they observe over the Internet, magazines, fashion shows, and store shopping, which may pose them to the temptation to copy such ideas. Although fashion copyright protection law has yet to become enacted, a majority of respondents support passage of fashion copyright protection law. The results give support to the needs for addressing the creative problem-solving processes and ethical decision-making jointly within apparel design and merchandising curriculum.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.203-228
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• 2011

본 연구는 소프트웨어적인 기술인 경영정보시스템(MIS)의 발전과정을 기술추격 관점에서 분석한다. 분석사례로는 창업 당시 후발업체로 선진국 기업을 모방하였지만 현재는 MIS 분야에서 선도적인 위치에 서게 된 POSCO를 선정하였다. 기술추격과정 분석을 위해 김인수의 기술혁신단계모델, Henderson and Clark의 유동기 진입이론, Doering and Parayre의 불확실한 기술에 대한 의사결정이론, Nolan의 MIS 발전단계모델 등 네 가지 모델을 활용하였다. 연구결과, POSCO의 MIS기술 발전과정은 기술후진국이 밟는 전형적인 기술추격과정, 즉 경화기${\rightarrow}$과도기${\rightarrow}$유동기로 이행하면서 모방에서 혁신으로 그 위상이 바뀐 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 장치산업이라는 철강산업의 산업적 특성으로 제조기술 및 MIS기술이 커다란 기술패러다임의 변화 없이 유동기로 진입하였으며, MIS 분야에 대한 기업경영자의 역할이 기술추격의 주요 성공요인으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 POSCO는 MIS분야에서 착수${\rightarrow}$확장${\rightarrow}$공식화${\rightarrow}$통합의 단계를 거쳐 왔을 뿐만 아니라, 반복적인 피드백 혹은 반복학습을 통하여 MIS 기술능력을 축적한 결과 기술 추종적 위치에서 기술 선도적 위치로 전환된 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 기업의 기술혁신전략 수립 시에 기술혁신의 진행경로, 산업기술의 특성, 의사결정자의 역할, 반복학습 및 피이드백의 중요성 등이 고려될 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1991

The author studied the changes of subjective, objective symptoms and muscle activities with EM2 (myo-tronics Co., Seattle, USA) before and after MRA therapy. The 11 patients were treated with MRA and active range of motion, pain and mouth opening limitation were checked at each visit for 6-8 weeks. Electromyographic activities were measured in both anterior lobe of temporalis and middle fibers of masseter at the position in rest, clenching and mastication. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There were significant decrease in pain and mouth opening limitation and significant increase in active range of motion after MRA therapy. 2. The muscle activities tended to decrease in general, especially in the temporal and masseter muscles on clenching and in the masseter on mastication after MRA therapy. 3. There were no significant differences in muscle activities between affected and unaffected side, but there was significant differences in temporal muscle on clenching side after therapy. 4. There were no significant differences in active range of motion, pain and mouth opening limitation between acute and chronic groups. 5. There was more significant decrease in muscle activities of the affected side in acute group than those in chronic group.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2001

There is no doubt that electronic commerce facilitates international trade and lower transaction cost and help firms make the best of the opportunities of market access. The comprehensive programs had been implemented to provide better electronic commerce environments by international organizations such as OECD, UNCITRAL, APEC and etc. Especially, WTO plays the most important role to implement efficient forms and rules on electronic commerce after Seattle 3rd Ministerial Conference. Member countries recognize the need to conduct the electronic commerce in compliance with the principles and rules of WTO. However, there are many issues to be solved such as the clarifications of concepts and definitions, the possibility of adaptation of technological neutrality In GATS, the Imposition of taxation in electronic commerce transactions and the methods of protecting copyright as well as trademark. The Implementation of concrete forms and rules of electronic commerce in the WTO will be influential to international trade as the member countries have to adapt them In their transactions. Considering that further discussion will be continued in GATS, we need to analyze the problems and strategies for electronic commerce.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.565-573
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• 2013

This study focused on the cultural differences between South Korea and the U.S. in terms of male consumers' sex role attitude and its influence on grooming and apparel shopping behavior. Purposive samples of American and South Korean males aged between 20 and 40 years were surveyed. The sample sizes were 219 and 233 for American and South Korean consumers, respectively. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and ANOVA using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 14.0. The results indicated that only grooming was influenced by the perceived femininity in the case of South Korean men; however, the model for American men indicated a significant positive influence of femininity on grooming and recreational apparel shopping behavior. In other words, American male consumers who perceive themselves feminine were more likely to be engaged in grooming and recreational apparel shopping behavior. On the other hand, for South Korean men, recreational apparel shopping behavior was not influenced by their sex role attitude, or whether they considered themselves feminine or masculine. This means that recreational apparel shopping behavior is a gender-specific behavior in the U.S., but not in South Korea. The findings of this study indicated that culture has influence on consumers' approach to shopping and appearance. South Korean male consumers were more likely to acknowledge themselves as being feminine, enjoy apparel shopping and grooming compared to American male consumers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

A desire to lightness of architecture has continued from the past to today. As Paul Virilio mentioned "The aesthetics of disappearance starts from a desire", the desire of architecture to lightness assumes the connection to hidden dimension of everything over the freedom of materials when it is related to the aesthetics of disappearance. This study assumes that the lightness of an architecture today can be interpreted by means of the aesthetics of disappearance. The lightness of an architecture is a concept for the potential possibility of an architecture. Therefore, it is to analyze the relationship by connecting the features of the lightness which is obtained from the examples of the Cartier foundation of Jean Nouvel and Seattle central library of Rem Koolhaas to the aesthetics of disappearance, that is, the disappearance of the materials, disappearance of the subjects, disappearance of the meaning and disappearance of physical. Based on these, it is also to prove the influence of the aesthetic of disappearance on the architecture as a social phenomenon of technology today.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.114-125
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• 2004

On the assumption that marketing is a useful technique to activate park use, this study aims to find what benefits people pursue and how much they attain them through a park visit. To achieve this, the survey of a Benefits-Sought for a park was conducted at four major parks in the city of Taejon and an Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) was conducted. Additionally, a Present Condition survey was performed with the park managers. As a result, first, it was found that major benefits are a comfortable rest, an escape from bustling city life, to see natural scenery and to promote physical health, and so forth. Second, performance was relatively lower than importance in the case of recreation and leisure activities, which means that facilities should be improved and programs for park use should be developed. Third, at GaYang park, importance and performance are good in balance. DongChunDang park and Seattle park have 5 items and 7 items for which immediate improvements are required. Saemmeury park generally shows good proportions and it can be much activated by improving the learning and experiencing activities. The results objectively show conditions of neighborhood parks in the city of Taejon from a view of park users. Therefore, it is expected that the results would be useful in determining priorities when improving park facilities or their programs.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.441-449
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• 1995

The abundance of coarse woody debris (CWD) has been hypothesized to increase niche for forest dwelling insectivores, concentration of nutrients, and the diversity of invertebrates. However, no abjective assessment based on replication in the field has yet been done. this study was carried out to test the relationships between invertebrate availability and the abundance of four insectivores (Sorex trowbridgii, S. vagrans, S. monticolus and Neurotrichus gibbsii) in western Washington, USA. Pitfall traps were used to determine abundance and diversity of invertebrates. Abundance of insectivores was not different between habitats except for S. vagrans which was more abundant in habitats with low amounts of CWD than in habitats with high amounts of CWD. Simpson’s diversity index computed for invertebrates did not differ between habitats. There were no significant relationships between the diversity indices of invertebrates and the abundance of shrews. Shrew abundance and the Coleoperan beetles also did not show any significant relationship. The results suggested insectivores might select a wide range of prey items in addition to surface-active invertebrates.