• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2004

Using semiotic analysis, visual images in selected postmodern fashion advertisements were analyzed. Semiotics is the study of the structure of the meanings of signs. Semiotic analysis involves deconstruction, and thus draws on the researcher’s value-mediated introspection and subjective interpretation of texts i.e., ads). Through deconstruction, culturally assigned meanings, which represent consumers and culture, were revealed. Postmodern characteristics including open interpretation, use of the human body as an object, multi page format, new mood, black and white scenes, use of real people, and new ideology were identified in the ads. The importance of analyzing visual images in fashion ads was stressed in the findings of the study, as was the importance of educating consumers on how to read the visual images.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2008

This study examines the influence of acculturation level and ethnic groups as a fashion reference group on Korean-American consumer attitude toward luxury fashion brands. Of interest is the role of Korean culture, which emphasizes luxury brand consumption due to the Confucion value of 'face', on Korean-American attitudes toward luxury brands. Data were collected from 108 young Korean-Americans living in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and multiple regressions were conducted for the analysis. In general, the respondents had relatively negative attitudes toward luxury fashion brands. Even though the acculturation level did not have a significant influence, attitudes toward luxury fashion brands were influenced by Korean reference groups. Age at immigration did not have a significant relationship with attitudes toward luxury brands. Korean-Americans who maintain ties with Korean culture are more likely to have a positive attitude towards luxury fashion, regardless of familarity with American culture.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2007

This study attempted to obtain differences as a function of Korean and Chinese in vowels. The $NasalView^{(R}}$ (Tiger Electronics Inc., Seattle, USA) was used to obtain nasalance values. Ninety eight subjects participated in this study (48 females from Korea and 48 females from China). The stimuli used in this experiment included vowel /i, a, u/. The stimuli were presented in a random order. The entire session was recorded and the average nasalance score was measured via the $NasalView^{(R)}$. The procedure took approximately 10 minutes. The results of this study showed that the difference between Korean and Chinese was significant in vowel /i, a, u/. The average nasalance scores were /i, a, u/ from highest to lowest in order in vowels. The average nasalance was higher in China than Korean in vowels.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-16
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• 1991

Abstract. An area of particularly rapid technological growth in the last 15 years has been medical imaging (conventional X-ray, ultrasound, X-ray computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As the number and complexity of imaging studies rises, it becomes ever more important to distribute these images and the associated diagnoses in a timely and cost-effective fashion. The purpose of this paper is to describe the requirements for a future digital radiology system which will efficiently handle the large volume of images that generated, add new functionality to improve productivity of physicians, technologists, and other health care providers, and provide enough flexibility to allow the system to grow as medical image technology grows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.12 s.138
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• pp.1545-1553
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• 2004

This study assumes a bidimensional model of acculturation theory in order to understand the acculturation patterns of Korean-Americans and their fashion and shopping behavior. Bidimensional models of acculturation suggest that acculturating individuals may possess the components of both the heritage culture and the new, host culture. A combination of email and paper and pencil surveys was conducted with a convenience sample of Korean-Americans who are living in Seattle and vicinity area (n=108). The questionnaire included questions related to the respondents' and their parents' demographic information, the respondents perceived relationship with their parents, self-reported ethnic identification, ethnicity-related behaviors/attitudes, clothing involvement, shopping motivations, and fashion reference groups. The results support the bidimensional models of acculturation process as opposed to the linear model. Three different groups among Korean-Americans based on their ethnic identification pattern were found: a group with dominant Korean identity(Segregation group), a group with dominant American identity(Assimilation group), and a group with dual identity(Integration group). According to the results of MANOVA and subsequent Duncan and Scheffe tests, the Integration group showed distinct characteristics from Segregation group or Assimilation group, in terms of their ethnicity-related behaviors/attitudes, clothing involvement, shopping motivations, and fashion reference group influence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.26-40
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• 2018

As urban regeneration and revitalization projects become increasingly popular in Korea, interests in residential environment, landscape improvement and community activities have risen, resulting in increased interest in community garden, a type of urban agriculture. However, the concept of community garden in Korea is yet to be defined apart from the general concept of urban agriculture. Also, any discussion regarding a practical scheme for community gardens remains nascent. Therefore, in order to define and to understand community gardens, and to draw meaningful implications for the community garden research in Korea, this study conducted a preliminary field survey of four North American cities from where the idea of community gardening originates. A total of 166 community gardens in Seattle, New York, Philadelphia and Vancouver were visited during this survey. Four community gardens from each city were selected for further analysis, with particular emphasis on spatial organization and social functions. The results showed that the community gardens in each city perform a diverse array of functions depending on location, type and societal needs. Community gardens in Seattle and Vancouver, which may be classified as 'uptown,' focused on their roles as fields of 'community participation.' Those in New York and Philadelphia, which are classified as 'downtown,' emphasized their function in 'urban beautification.' This study demonstrates that the community gardens in North America serve their roles as urban amenities and multi-functional public spaces for the entire local population. The implication of the results is that considerations for the social roles the community gardens serve and the spatial elements that allow the space to perform such functions are necessary for the further developments in the community garden research in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2012

The opportunity provided for design method and strategy of community space for secondary school through the experience of public library and gallery, is the purpose of this paper. Community space is an important issue in school architecture as it seeks to revive the public area in educational building and to renew the open space as a multi-entertainment space. The latest works of school, however, which are evaluated as well reflected the reality of educational patterns, are still deficient in that communicational elements in school are underdeveloped and inadequate. The cases of this paper, which are grown up as entertainment library and multi-purpose cultural space such as Seattle Public Library, Sendai Mediatech, Tate Modem Gallery, and Kunsthaus, are suitable to offer the method of the creation of community space for school. This paper reviews an assessment of its success in community space for school architecture with multi-entertainment-purpose library and cultural space connected open space and concludes with the establishment of design method for future school; extraction of the factors contributing to development of community space in school and proposal of design method; implementation of school renewal with library and gallery plus open space for the creation of identity considering both of study and play.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.12-20
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to review phenomenological characteristics in Steven Holl's architecture through his design of St. Ignatius Chapel at Seattle University. To obtain this purpose, an analytical frame based on Holl's theory of phenomenological architecture is suggested to have a systematic study for St. Ignatius chapel. This chapel can be a good example of phenomenological architecture in that it is based on the concept of 'A Gathering of Different Lights' related to phenomenology and considered perception including multi sensory (as well as vision) as primary factors from site and program interpretation to spatial configuration. Unprecedented exterior of St. Ignatius chapel reflected on characteristics and function of rooms to magnify user's spatial experiences through inducing natural light and spatial effect. Holl used various openings and screen for natural light with colors to invoke religious inspiration. He also try to give spatial depth and multi foci for experiencing space through various ceiling forms. These phenomenological features originated in client's strong will as well as appropriateness of the function of facility's religious experiences through building to the purpose of phenomenological architecture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1427-1436
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factor on Symptoms of Stress of Middle Aged Women. The subjects of this study were 35 middle aged women who lives in Seattle, Washington in U.S, and 74 middle aged women who lives in Seoul. Data collection was performed at the University of Washington and Seoul from Oct. 1998 to May. 1999. Data collected through 4 types of questionnaires : SOS, Ways of Coping, Mood Status, Perceived Stress. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The stress symptoms showed positive correlation with emotion-oriented coping, mood status, and perceives stress. 2. Stepwised multiple regression analysis revealed that most powerful predictor of Stress Symptoms was mood status. A combination of perceived stress, mood status and ways of coping account for 64% of the variance in Symptoms of stress in Middle aged women. From the results of the study, the following recommendations are presented as follow: 1. It is necessary to replicate this study with a larger sample. 2. It is necessary to develop a stress management program focused on ways of coping, mood status, perceived stress for middle aged women.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.72-75
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• 2017

도시농업 및 커뮤니티에 대한 사회적 관심에 편승하여 근래 도시의 커뮤니티가든(Community Garden)이 주목받고 있다. 북미의 커뮤니티가든은 농작물 생산 위주의 개인텃밭을 포괄한 지역사회의 구성원과 함께 만들어가는 오픈스페이스의 형태로, 화훼 등을 포괄하는 개념으로 간주되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 커뮤니티가든의 발상지인 북미 중에서도 가장 선진적인 사례로 손꼽히고 있는 미국 워싱턴주 시애틀(Seattle)시의 피패치(P-Patch)를 대상으로, 85개의 현장 전수조사를 통하여 공간설계 및 디자인요소를 추출하여 시사점을 도출하였다. 분석결과, 첫째 시애틀 피패치의 일반적인 디자인 구성요소는 기반시설, 지원시설, 휴게시설, 특수시설, 친환경시설 등 다섯 가지 기능으로 대별할 수 있는데, 지원시설로는 공구함(Tool Shed)이나 수전시설(Spigot)이, 친환경시설로는 도마(Cutting Board)나 퇴비함(Compost Bin)이 대부분 설치되어 있다. 둘째, 피패치의 공간구성 및 디자인적 특징으로는 이용자 수요 및 입지적 특성을 반영한 유연한 정원 설계를 들 수 있다. 셋째, 피패치는 다목적형 기능을 겸비한 복합적 공공장소로서 공공의 제도적 지원과 시민운동을 연계하는 기회를 제공하고 있다. 넷째, 지속가능성을 담보하기 위해 다양한 이해관계자(이용자, 코디네이터, 운영진, 전문가, 지역주민, 자원봉사자 등)와의 파트너십 구축, 다양한 재원 조달 방안 모색, 체계적인 모니터링 시스템 구축 및 운영을 지속하고 있다.