• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.418-426
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• 2013

With advantages of open spaces and existing HVAC facilities, subway station, if unexpected disastrous situation happens on the ground, can be used as a temporary safe place for evacuees. The main objective of this study is to establish a guideline on estimating evacuation capacity of the subway station and evaluating levels of service of evacuation for officials to control the situation. This guideline includes available spaces of the station, capacity of sanitary fixtures, and total number of passengers, etc. In this paper, we first analyzed the number of passengers of SMRT (Line 5~Line 8) during AM peak hour and then evaluated the number of passengers using toilets at that time. In addition, we calculated the seating capacity of subway stations on SMRT using the difference between the actual number of toilets and the estimated number of ones from the occupancy time of each toilet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.671-678
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• 2016

This study estimates the demands for safety training courses with reference to research on safety training records, seafarer statistics, target groups for safety training, expiry dates of existing safety courses, seafarer employment rates, the retirement age, etc. These results are compared with the seating capacity of the maritime training institute to analyze the anticipated increase in and convergence of demand can be accommodated. The average annual safety training needs for the next five years according to the Seafarers Act include approximately 10,444 people, and the proper annual seating capacity of the maritime training institute is approximately 7,280 people at present. Thus, in order to respond to an increasing demand for safety training, it is necessary to expand the capacity of the safety training facility.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.328-335
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• 2013

This study investigated the ratios of area, according to the domains and functions, of a public library. To this end, 20 public libraries were selected as samples from the 2012 Public Library Construction Casebook and from cases of consulting on the construction and operation of public libraries. The domains of a public library were categorized into data reading, cultural education, operation, common use, and others. There was a large difference in the area ratios between public libraries that were built with the aid of consulting (Group B) and those without consulting (Group A). In functional terms, the data(bookshelf) space and reading space had similar ratios within a data reading room, while the ratio of the library information space was smaller. Within a general data reading room, the ratio of the library information space was 12%, while the ratios of the data space and seating space were 44%, respectively. Moreover, within a data reading room for children, the ratios of the library information space and children's space were adjusted to 14%, respectively, while the data space and seating space each accounted for 36%, with either 3- or 5-decker bookshelves installed. This study has identified how to calculate the area for each domain, capacity of books, and seating capacity by applying area ratios through functions in the data storage domain, along with numbers of books and seats per unit space. This study has also succeeded in calculating the required area and seats for each type of data storage room by applying the number of books that exist. However, this study has its limitation in that the regional characteristics(Metropolis, Small & medium size cities, Rural areas) were not considered because the number of samples was only 20 libraries.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2013

This study investigated residents' preferences for spatial features of sitting areas in assisted living facilities, and provides recommendations for planning sitting areas to support residents' spatial preferences and social interaction. The study participants were 69 residents of eight assisted living facilities (30+ resident capacity), located in south central Texas. A photographic comparison method was used, in which residents were shown 20 matched pairs of photos, with a single feature digitally modified in each pair, and asked to select which environmental representation they preferred. The hypothesized spatial characteristics were identified in practice based literature as those that may encourage usage of sitting areas: viewability, variety, homelikeness, and privacy. Most of the hypothesized features were preferred by participants, with the highest preference found for non-institutional furniture arrangements and naturalness, followed by increasing enclosure and variety of seating. Preference was less significant for domestic cues such as carpeted floors, divided light windows, and boundaries defined by different colored material or columns, possibly due to their physical impairments or preference for visual openness. Participants' level of mobility assistance was significantly related to their preference for some features, such as seating with people-watching capability, and carpeted floors. The findings have implications for facility architects and administrators engaged in resident-oriented spatial planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.791-799
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• 2022

Among excursion and ferry boats, small boats with a length of less than 12 m are exempted from the stability standard according to the ship safety act. The boarding capacity of these small excursion and ferry boats is calculated by the seating area according to the excursion ship and ferry business act. Many excursion and ferry boats have installed deck structures such as awnings after launching. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the cause of the accident by estimating the stability based on the case of an actual ferry boat capsizing accident. The analysis results indicated that passengers stood up to disembark at the same time while the boarding capacity was exceeded. However, even if the ferry boat complied with the boarding capacity, a possibility of capsize existed if the passengers on one side of the boat stood up. Therefore, the following were suggested to improve the safety: calculating the boarding capacity using the stability test and recommending the maximum total weight for the boarding capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.619-624
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• 2002

A prestressed/precast concrete system was used to build the new Asian Olympic Stadium Project in Pusan, Korea. The stadium(mainly intended for cycle racing) is designed for the 2002 Asian Olympic Games and has a seating capacity of 20,000 spectators plus a few private suites. More than 1300 prestressed/precast components were used and they include single columns, primary beams, cantilever beams, double riser stands, and double tees. Especially, a total of 24 cantilever beams is used on the fourth story for the stands and double tees. These 8m long beams are post-tensioned to prevent cracking, to increase their durability and to serve serviceability by vibration. A cantilever section with cast-in-place topping is 800mm wide and 1500mm deep. Cantilever beams are connected to the column with the corbel by cast-in place concrete. Bonded post-tensioning tendons were assembled at the job site. Dead-end anchorages were installed in the end of cantilever beams and live-end anchorage is the opposite of them. This article presents the geometric layouts, design features and so on.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2002

This paper presents the contact thermal behaviors of mechanical seals depending on the contacting face geometry. Using the finite element analysis, the temperature distribution, thermal distortion and leakage have been analyzed as functions of sealing gap and rotating speed of the seal ring shaft. The FE results indicate that the inclined contacting face may be more effective and stable based on the results of thermal characteristic analysis if the seal ring has been designed with a same thermal capacity between conventional rectangular sealing faces and inclined seating surface of seal rings.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.140-147
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• 2016

This research aims to establish the size standard of university library's user space, and present the standard and method to calculate total area required in the planning of new building construction and remodeling. Nine university libraries newly constructed or remodeled since 2000 were selected among the libraries of large scale universities with more than 10,000 enrolled students as the target libraries in this research. The target libraries were classified into A group (five cases partially remodeled) and B group (four cases newly constructed or fully remodeled) on the basis of the change of times. A university library can be divided into three spaces (user space, administration space and public space). This research classified the reading room in the user space into bookshelf zone, reading zone, information/office zone and hall/other zone, and analyzed area ratio according to each zone. B group's bookshelf zone decreased 12% more than A group, and B group's reading zone increased 10% more than A group. However, there was no big change in the area ratio of information/office zone and hall/other zone. This can be interpreted that university library changes from book and archive preservation-oriented space to user-oriented space. This research presented a proper reading room area calculation method, based on the capacity of books, by reflecting such a change. Each zone's standard was set up through classification of domestic and international standards, based on which, the calculation method of university library's total floor area required was presented. The reason why there was difference in university library's total floor area required according to domestic standard and international standard was that the number of enrolled students per seat in the reading room was different. The area calculation methods presented in this research can be utilized as useful data upon planning university library construction or remodeling.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2010

As the seniors and the disabled has increased, the demand for cultural centers has also increased in many local areas. This means that the local cultural centers designed from the viewpoint of universal design are needed, so that to be used by everyone without any difficulties. This study examined the applicability of universal design principles to the public service areas of the local cultural centers. The subject cultural centers were three local ones which had seating capacity of more than 1,000 and opened after the year of 2,000 in Gyungnam. The spatial scopes of the study were six public service areas of the local cultural centers : entrance area, corridor and pathway, stair, ramp, elevator, and rest room. The total 65 items for evaluating the applicability of universal design were selected and examined for six areas. On the whole, accessibility, such as wide pathway and flat floor was good. However, the following improvements were needed. 1) Handrails and rounded corner were needed on walls. 2) Consideration of the visually impaired like as braille sign was needed. 3) The handrails on ramp should be installed for usability. 4) The automatic door would be more useful to the physically disabled users. 5) Wider space and familiar handrail design and color were needed in the rest rooms for the handicapped.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.151-167
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• 2015

Korean movie maintain their market share from the highest 59.7% to the lowest 42.1% during the last ten years in Korea. However, with the multiplex and wide release strategy, the monopolies of four major distribution companies and three multiplex chain, the polarization of Korean movie's Box Office performance is deepening. With Gini-Index, concentration of film admission has been deepened in intensity from 0.53 in 2004 to 0.85 in 2014. Using Thomas Piketty's method, Movie attendance proportion of Highest 10% of the box office ranking for 2014 sharply increased to 71.2% from 30.28% in 2004 and the lowest 50% of box office ranking dropped from 11.03% in 2004 to 0.08% in 2014. Concentrations of the number of Screen, Screening, the seating Capacity have the same analogy with the polarization of film admission. However, concentration of seating share has maintained a modest increase from 0.22 in 2004 to 0.38 in 2014. This analysis shows that polarization of Korean movie box office performance is not the sole result of Natural selection of market but the result of the monopolies of distribution companies and Multiplex chains.