• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2003

MDO (multidisciplinary design optimization) technology has been proposed and applied to solve large and complex optimization problems where multiple disciplinaries are involved. In this research. an MDO problem is defined for automobile design which has crashworthiness analyses. Crash model which are consisted of airbag, belt integrated seat (BIS), energy absorbing steering system .and safety belt is selected as a practical example for MDO application to vehicle system. Through disciplinary analysis, vehicle system is decomposed into structure subspace and occupant subspace, and coupling variables are identified. Before subspace optimization, values of coupling variables at given design point must be determined with system analysis. The system analysis in MDO is very important in that the coupling between disciplines can be temporary disconnected through the system analysis. As a result of system analysis, subspace optimizations are independently conducted. However, in vehicle crash, system analysis methods such as Newton method and fixed-point iteration can not be applied to one. Therefore, new system analysis algorithm is developed to apply to crashworthiness. It is conducted for system analysis to determine values of coupling variables. MDO algorithm which is applied to vehicle crash is MDOIS (Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Based on Independent Subspaces). Then, structure and occupant subspaces are independently optimized by using MDOIS.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.550-556
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• 2023

Blunt breast trauma occurs in 2% of blunt chest injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the evidence on breast reconstruction after blunt trauma associated with the use of a seat belt. Also, we describe the first case of breast reconstruction using the Ribeiro technique. In November 2022, a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases was conducted. The literature was screened independently by two reviewers, and the data was extracted. Our search terms included breast, mammoplasty, blunt injury, and seat belts. In addition, we present the case of a woman with a left breast deformity and her reconstruction using the inferior Ribeiro flap technique. Six articles were included. All included studies were published between 2010 and 2021. The studies recruited seven patients. According to the Teo and Song classification, seven class 2b cases were reported. In five cases a breast reduction was performed in the deformed breast with different types of pedicles (three superomedial flaps, one lower flap, one superior flap). Only one case presented complications. The case here presented was a type 2b breast deformity in which the lower Ribeiro pedicle was used successfully without complications during follow-up. Until now there has been no consensus on reconstructive treatment due to the rarity of this entity. However, we must consider surgical treatment individually for each patient. We believe that the Ribeiro technique is a feasible and safe alternative in the treatment of posttraumatic breast deformities, offering very good long-term results.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.118-128
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• 1998

Finite element analyses are carried out to provide results usable in the design of airbag module that consists of inflater, cushion, cover, mounting plate, etc. In the first phase, a deployment process of airbag module is analyzed to evaluate the pressure waveform of developed airbag and deployment characteristics, and is compared with the test results. Interaction between head form and inflated airbag module is investigated in the second phase. In the last stage, sled test with rigid dummy, airbag midule, driving system and car interior part are simulated to investigate the influence of airbag design factor on the behavior of dummy with seat belt. The procedures can be provided as a guideline for airbag module design and improvement of airbag module performance.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2006

본 연구는 1990년대 이후 실시된 교통사고 줄이기 운동 실시, 무인단속카메라 설치, 좌석안전띠 착용 의무화, 음주운전 삼진아웃제 등 8가지 교통안전정책의 개입효과를 ARIMA방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석의 관점은 교통안전정책 강화가 전체 교통사고에 미치는 영향. 교통안전정책 강화가 일정지역의 교통사고에 미치는 영향, 특정교통안전정책 강화가 특정 법규위반으로 인한 교통사고에 미치는 영향으로 세분하였다. 분석 결과 교통사고 줄이기 운동 실시, 교통법규위반 신고보상금제, 음주운전 삼진아웃제 등이 교통사고 사망자수를 줄이는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의하지 못하였다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2014

Nakanoshima Festival Tower is a 200 m high-rise complex building which contains a renewed 2700-seat capacity concert hall known as "Festival Hall" and offices including headquarter of a news company. In order to build up an office tower on the hall which requires large open space, a giant truss system is employed. The giant trusses being composed of mega-trusses and belt-trusses support all the building weight above them and transfer the load to the outside of the hall. The building also requires high seismic resistance performance for a news company. Application of mid-story seismic isolation enables the building to satisfy high-level seismic resistance criteria.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.299-304
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• 2003

The design of an occupant protection equipment has been considered as the important process in developing a new car since the crash performance plays an important role on the market. The cost is increased when an unexpected real test is carried out in the proto-design stage. Thus, the exact prediction of a crash performance can reduce the number of full-car test. In this research, the robust design of an airbag system considering the frontal crash is suggested to predict the more reliable responses. On the contrary, most existing researches do not consider the uncertainties. The uncertainties treated in this research are the tolerances of the vent hole, the time to fire and the length of a strap in airbag and the tolerance of the load limiter load in seat belt. The Taguchi method is utilized to determine the robust optimum of each parameter

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2003

Decarburized zone of metal tongue which is used in seat belt for automobiles was carbon-restoration quenched and tempered using nitrogen-methanol gaseous atmosphere. The effects of microstructure and mechanical properties of metal tongue on the effectiveness of carbon-restoration during tempering was studied. Metal tongue showed $20{\sim}30{\mu}m$ decarburized zone. However, after carbon-restoration, it has uniform microstructure and thus hardness without decarburized zone. Carbon-restoration quenching and tempering process resulted in better wear and corrosion resistances than quenching and tempering process.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2017

In order to improve occupant protection in frontal crash, the IIHS introduced a small overlap frontal crash test in 2012. When the front corner of a car collides with another car or object, such as utility pole the test replicated the sequence of events. Because occupants move simultaneously forward and toward the side of the vehicle this test is challenging for some airbag and safety belt designs. In the small overlap frontal test, a car travels at 64 km/h toward a rigid barrier. A hybrid III dummy is positioned in the driver seat. 25% of the total width of the car strikes the barrier on the driver side. After review of small overlap frontal test protocol and overall rating, six run-throughs were performed according to the original test method.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

Recently, Child safety has become one of the issue with Q10 dummy representing large child. The objective of this paper was to evaluate performance of three child restraints system (backless booster, high-back booster and without booster) by changing D-ring location in the rear seat. Sled tests were carried out with a Q 10 in 64km/h frontal impact. Before the dynamic sled tests, we assessed dummy positioning with difference in CRS types and height adjustment positions. Dynamic sled test results indicated that there is different performance of CRS types and belt routing. These test results will use as base line data for development CRS safety performance for Q 10.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2004

The severe frontal crash tests are NCAP with belted occupant at 35mph and FMVSS 208 with unbelted occupant at 25mph, This paper describes the design process of occupant protection systems, airbag and seat belt, under the two tests. In this study, NCAP simulations are performed by Monte Carlo search method and cluster analysis. The Monte Carlo search method is a global optimization technique and requires execution of a series of deterministic analyses, The procedure is as follows. 1) Define the region of interest 2) Perform Monte Carlo simulation with uniform distribution 3) Transform output to obtain points grouped around the local minima 4) Perform cluster analysis to obtain groups that are close to each other 5) Define the several feasible design ranges. The several feasible designs are acquired and checked under FMVSS 208 simulation with unbelted occupant at 25mph.