• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.58-72
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the latest clinical trends in peripheral facial nerve palsy pediatric and adolescent patients who treated in Korean medicine hospital. Methods The study was conducted based on 185 cases of pediatric and adolescent patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis who visited Korean medicine hospital from January 2017 to June 2022. Results The mean age of onset of facial nerve paralysis in children and adolescents was 11.7 years, and the incidence rate was higher in boys than in girls. The seasonal distribution was the most common in autumn, and 91.4% were diagnosed with Bell's palsy. The recurrence rate was 7.6%. The severity was evaluated on the House-Brackmann Grading System (HBGS) scale, and the most common was Grade III. It took an average of 6.5 days from the date of onset to visit the hospital, and 75.7% visited the hospital within a week from the date of onset. Hospitalized treatment was 69.2%. The higher the HBGS grade, the more hospitalized treatment was, and the total number of treatments and the duration of treatment tended to increase. The average treatment period from the first visit date was 119.6 days. 17.8% received only Korean medicine treatment, and 69.2% took Western medicine with herbal medicine. Conclusions In this study, there was a difference in the average treatment period from previous studies according to the study period setting. Long-term studies on the recovery rate and prognosis of pediatric facial paralysis are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.178-178
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• 2023

Drought and flooding have historically coexisted in Korea, occurring at different times and with varying cycles and trends. The drought indicators measured were (PDSI), (SPI), and (SPEI) in order to statistically analyze the annual or periodic drought occurrence and objectively evaluate statistical characteristics such as the periodicity, tendency, and frequency of occurrence of droughts in the Doam watershed. To compute potential evapotranspiration (PET), both Thornthwaite (Thor) and Penman-Monteith (PM) parameterizations were considered, and the differences between the two PET estimators were analyzed. Hence, SPIs 3 and SPIs 6 revealed a tendency to worsen drought in the spring and winter and a tendency to alleviate drought in the summer in the study area. The seasonal variability trend did not occur in the SPIs 12 and PDSI, as it did in the drought index over a short period. As a result of the drought trend study, the drought from winter to spring gets more severe, in addition to the duration of the drought, although the periodicity of the recurrence of the drought ranged from 3 years to 6 years at the longest, indicating that SPIs 3 showed a brief time of around 1 year. SPIs 6 and SPIs 12 had a term of 4 to 6 years, and PDSI had a period of roughly 6 years. Based on the indicators of the PDSI, SPI, and SPEI, the drought severity increases under climate change conditions with the decrease in precipitation and increased water demand as a consequence of the temperature increase. Therefore, our findings show that national and practical measures are needed for both winter and spring droughts, which happen every year, as well as large-scale and extreme droughts, which happen every six years.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-99
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• 2021

Burn severity analysis using satellite imagery has high capabilities for research and management in inaccessible areas. We extracted the forest fire area of the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) in the western Imjin Estuary which is restricted to access due to the confrontation between South and North Korea. Then we analyzed the forest fire severity and recoverability using atmospheric corrected Surface Reflectance Level-2 data collected from Landsat-8 OLI (Operational Land Imagery) / TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor). Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), differenced NBR (dNBR), and Relative dNBR (RdNBR) were analyzed based on changes in the spectral pattern of satellite images to estimate burn severity area and intensity. Also, we evaluated the recoverability after a forest fire using a land cover map which is constructed from the NBR, dNBR, and RdNBR analyzed results. The results of dNBR and RdNBR analysis for the six years (during May 30, 2014 - May 30, 2020) showed that the intensity of monthly burn severity was affected by seasonal changes after the outbreak and the intensity of annual burn severity gradually decreased after the fire events. The regrowth of vegetation was detected in most of the affected areas for three years (until May 2020) after the forest fire reoccurred in May 2017. The monthly recoverability (from April 2014 to December 2015) of forests and grass fields was increased and decreased per month depending on the vegetation growth rate of each season. In the case of annual recoverability, the growth of forest and grass field was reset caused by the recurrence of a forest fire in 2017, then gradually recovered with grass fields from 2017 to 2020. We confirmed that remote sensing was effectively applied to research of the burn severity and recoverability in the DMZ. This study would also provide implications for the management and construction statistics database of the forest fire in the DMZ.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2010

Air reduction is a safe, effective, and fast initial treatment for pediatric intussusception. There is low dose radiation exposure. Factors affecting outcomes of air reduction were analyzed by reviewing the clinical features and results of treatment. A total of 399 out of 485 patients with pediatric intussusceptions were treated at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 1996 to 2009. All of the patients received air reduction as the first line of treatment. Clinical features such as gender, age, seasonal variation, symptoms, signs, types, pathologic leading point, and treatment results including success rate, complication, recurrence, NPO time, and duration of hospitalization were reviewed. The Pearson chi-square, student T-, and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The prevalent clinical features were: male (65.4 %), under one-year of age (40.3 %), ileocolic type (71.9 %), abdominal pain (85.4 %), and accompanying mesentery lymph node enlargement (2.2 %). The overall success rate for air reduction was 78.4 % (313 of 399 patients), and the perforation rate during reduction was 1.5 %. There were 23 recurrent cases over 21.6 months. All were successfully treated with re-do air reduction. Reduction failures had longer overall NPO times (27.067hrs vs. 43.0588hrs; p=0.000) and hospitalization durations (1.738d vs. 6.975d; p=0.000) compared to the successful cases. The factors affecting success rates were fever (p=0.002), abdominal distension (p=0.000), lethargy (p=0.000) and symptom duration (p=0.000) on univariate analysis. Failure rates were higher in patients with symptom durations greater than 24 hours (p=0.023), and lethargy (p=0.003) on multivariate analysis. Air reduction showed high success rates and excellent treatment outcomes as the initial treatment for pediatric intussusception in this study. Symptom duration and lethargy were significantly associated with reduced success rates.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1118-1123
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• 2003

Purpose : Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura(HSP) is a systemic vasculitis, characterized by cutaneous purpura, abdominal pain, arthralgia and renal involvement. The clinical features of HSP have been reasonably well documented but there are still many gaps in our understanding of HSP. The aim of this study was to present the clinical features of 125 children with HSP and compare them with previous reports, placing particular emphasis on clinical information. Methods : We collected the clinical data of 125 patients with acute HSP who visited Chungbuk National University Hospital from March 1992 to April 2002. Data were expressed as the mean or $mean{\pm}SD$ and statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square approximation. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results : The patient population consisted of 87 boys and 38 girls ranging in age from one to 14 years. HSP occurs throughout the year, but this study shows seasonal skewing, with most patients presenting from fall through spring and a paucity of cases in summer. All patients had non-thrombocytopenic purpura concentrated on the buttocks and lower extremities. Purpuric lesions were also scattered on the arms and occaisionally on the face and ears, but the trunk was largely spared. A recurrence of purpura was defined as the reappearance of a rash or other symptoms following resolution of disease for at least two weeks. The mean number of recurrences was 0.51. Eighty eight patients(70.4%), 18 patients(14.4%) and 67 patients(53.6%) complained of abdomianl pain, gastrointestinal bleeding and arthralgia, respectively. Nephritis occurred in 48(38.4%) patients. Fifteen boys (17.2%) developed epididymitis. Neurologic features occurred in 13(10.4%) and two(15%) of these were seizures. Conclusion : HSP all showing purpura as defined is characterized by various clinical features, including abdominal pain, arthralgia, epididymitis and nephritis which could occur before the appearance of purpura. Therefore, we suggest that the possibility of HSP should be considered in children before invasive procedures, even if the above symptoms and signs present without purpura.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2005

Purpose: We divided the children diagnosed with intususception into three different age groups and compared the clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes in order to analysis diagnosis and treatment of Intusussception. Methods: A retrospective chart review was established of 159 patients diagnosed with intussuception who had been admitted to Department of Pediatrics and General Surgery, Bundang CHA hospital from January, 2000 to May, 2004. We divided the patients into three groups, according to their age. Those who were under five months of age (group I; 21 patients), those between 5~11 months of age (group II; 61 patients), and those older than 11 months of age (group III; 77 patients). Then we compared the age, sex, seasonal distribution of occurrence, the cause, the clinical features, radiologic review, the type of intusussception, surgical methods, recurrence rate and treatment outcomes, among these three groups. Results: On comparing the clinical symptoms and signs among the three groups, the most common major clinical symptom and sign was irritabiltity in all three groups. Vomiting with irritability was statistically more common in group I (p<0.05) and bloody stool was most frequent in group III. The average time taken until a diagnosis was made after the symptom onset was, 21 hours in group I, 20 hours in group II and 22 hours in group III. Which showed no significant difference. But there was a higher rate of delayed diagnosis in group I, which took over 48 hours until the diagnosis was made (group I; 23.8%, group II; 4.9%, group III; 7.8%). Simple abdominal X-rays showed more frequent instances of intestinal obstruction in group I (p<0.05). The primary treatment done was barium enema which showed a failure rate of 52.4% in group I, 26.2% in group II and 14.3% in group III. Showing the highest failure rate in group I. Conclusion: The youngest group had vague symptoms which lead to delayed diagnosis and more frequent surgical procedures. As so, we advocate the importance of further evaluation and close observation, considering intussusception in children with symptoms of irritability and vomiting, especially in the early infant group.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.218-224
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• 2000

Purpose : In Korea, vivax malaria has been reemerged since 1993 after being abscent for more than 10 years. There are several possibilities of casuality of recent epidemic, although it is still unclear. The epidemiologic studies including case analysis and entomological reseach have been undertaken for a successful control measure. But, unfortunately those studies have been rarely dealt with cases of children. Therefore, this study was designed to figure out the characteristics of epidemiolgic and clinical features in children with indigenous vivax malaria. Methods : The study 21 cases below 15 years of age, who were diagnosed as vivax malaria and resided in kyounggi-do province area during 1998. 9~1999. 8. We retrospectively analyzed epidemiologic data concernig with occurrence of vivax, and clinical manifestations, abnormal laboratory findings and outcomes including therapeutic responses. Results : All cases were inhabitants of the endemic areas for vivax malaria in northwestern part of Kyonggi-do or western Kangwon-do, and Paju-gun was the most prevalent. Indigenous malaria cases of this study were more prevalent in children above 10 years old age, and in male. Seasonally, vivax malaria in children occurred throughout the year except January, March and November, and the incidence was the highest in July. Clinical manifestations revealed that 48 hour cyclic fever pattern was the major fever pattern, and other symptoms such as headache, vomiting, poor appetites, chilling, abdominal pain and diarrhea were concomitantly developed. And splenomegaly revealed the main abnormal findings on physical examination, and anemia was the most frequent abnormal finding in laboratory examinations. Young trophozoite was frequently observed on peripheral blood smears. The therapeutic responses of chlorquine were very good in all cases, and no recurrence developed in follow up cases. Conclusion : Geographical and seasonal occurrence distributions of indigenous vivax malaria cases in children were very similar to those of adults as followings; Inhabitants of the endemic region, more prevalent in male, and more common during the summer season. Clinically, 48 hour cyclic fever pattern, splenomegaly and anemia were most frequent and important manifestations in children cases, and clinical courses were not serious. On blood smears, young trophozoite was most dominantly examined in children. Generally, the therapeutic outcomes were excellent, and recurrences were not observed.