• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.188-200
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• 2014

The IPCC 5th Assessment Report (Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis) was accepted at the 36th Session of the IPCC on 26 September 2013 in Stockholm, Sweden. It consists of the full scientific and technical assessment undertaken by Working Group I. This comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change puts a focus on those elements that are relevant to understand past, document current, and project future of climate change. The assessment builds on the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and the recent Special Report on Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. The assessment covers the current knowledge of various processes within, and interactions among, climate system components, which determine the sensitivity and response of the system to changes in forcing, and they quantify the link between the changes in atmospheric constituents, and hence radiative forcing, and the consequent detection and attribution of climate change. Projections of changes in all climate system components are based on model simulations forced by a new set of scenarios. The report also provides a comprehensive assessment of past and future sea level change in a dedicated chapter. The primary purpose of this Technical Summary is to provide the link between the complete assessment of the multiple lines of independent evidence presented in the main report and the highly condensed summary prepared as Policy makers Summary. The Technical Summary thus serves as a starting point for those readers who seek the full information on more specific topics covered by this assessment. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen, and the concentrations of greenhouse gases have increased. Total radiative forcing is positive, and has led to an uptake of energy by the climate system. The largest contribution to total radiative forcing is caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of $CO_2$ since 1750. Human influence on the climate system is clear. This is evident from the increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing, observed warming, and understanding of the climate system. Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and changes in all components of the climate system. Limiting climate change will require substantial and sustained reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. The in-depth review for past, present and future of climate change is carried out on the basis of the IPCC 5th Assessment Report.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.182-182
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• 2017

Many small island nations rely on groundwater as their only other source of freshwater in addition to rainwater harvesting. The volume of groundwater resource of small island nations are further limited by their smaller surface area and specific hydrogeology. The rapid growth of population and tourism has led to increasing water demands and pollution of available groundwater resources. The predicted climate change effects pose significant threats to the already vulnerable freshwater lens of small islands in the form of rise in sea level, coastal inundation, saltwater intrusion, varied pattern of precipitation leading to droughts and storm surges. The effects of climate change are further aggravated by manmade stresses like increased pumping. Thus small island water resources are highly threatened under the effects of climate change. But due to the limited technical and financial capacity most of the small island developing states were unable to conduct detailed technical investigations on the effects of climate change on their water resources. In this study, we investigate how well small island countries are preparing for climate change. The current state of freshwater resources, impacts of predicted climate change along with adaptation and management strategies planned and implemented by small island countries are reviewed. Proper assessment and management practices can aid in sustaining the groundwater resources of small islands under climate change.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1986

폐흡충 충란항원의 항원성을 평가하기 위하여 감염 후 10개월된 충체에서 유리된 충란의 수용성 항원을 제작하였다. 실험감염 개 페흠충증에서 특이 IgG, IgM 항체의 생성을 효소면역측정법으로 충체항원과 비교 관찰하였다. 또한 disc-PAGE로 충란항원의 구성 단백질을 관찰하였다. 1. 폐흡충 충란항원에 대한 특이 IgG 항체는 충체가 충란을 형성하는 감염 8주에 상승하기 시작하여 12주에 최대치에 이르고 이후 일정한 항체가를 유지한 반면, 특이 IgM 항체의 생성은 대단히 미약하였다. 2. 폐흡충 충체항원에 대한 특이 IgG 항체는 감염 2주에 상승하여 관찰기간인 13주까지 계속 상승하였다. 항체가도 충란항원보다 높았다. 충체항원에 대한 특이 IgM 항체는 감염 2주부터 나타나 8주까지는 일정량을 유지하나 이후 감소하기 시작하여 12주에는 감염전 상황으로 되돌아왔다. 3. 폐흡충 충란항원은 전기영동상에서 단백질 band 2개로 관찰되었으며 성충의 충체항원에서 관찰되는 10개의 단백질 band중 Band 1과 Band 2에 해당되는 단백질 band임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 2개의 단백질로 구성된 폐흡충의 수용성 충란항원은 특이 IgG 및 특히 IgM 항체 생산을 유도하나 성충충체항원에 비하여 그 항원성이 대단히 미약하다고 판단하였다.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.133-146
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• 1999

Mokpo coastal area is connected to the adjacent a long river and two large basins. It is essential for port planning coastal zone management and environmental impact study to analyze the data related to the ship operation and variation of current and water quality due to the development of water area including dredging reclamation and estuary barrage. The Yongsan river estuary weir and Yongam-Kumho basins discharge much of water through water gates for the purpose of flood control and prohibit salt intrusion at the inland fresh water area. To meet this purpose discharge through the gates have been done at the period of maximum water level difference between inner river and sea level. This discharged water may cause the changes of current pattern and other environmental influences in the vicinity and inner area of semi-closed Mokpo harbor. In this study ADI method is applied to the governing equation for the analysis of the changes on current pattern due to discharged water. As the results of this study it is known that the discharging operation causes many changes including the increase of current velocity at the front water area at piers approaching passage and anchorages. Discussion made on the point of problems such as restricted maneuverability and the safety of morred vessels at pier and anchorage. To minimize this influence the linked gate operation discharging warning system and laternative mooring system are recommended.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2015

We investigated the branchial osmoregulatory response of black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii to short-term (3-48 h) exposure to a hyposaline environment (5 psu). Gill $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase (NKA) activity was decreased after 3 h in fish transferred to 5 psu compared to salt water-acclimated (control) fish, but the level of activity returned to that observed in the control fish at 6 h after transfer. NKA activity increased significantly at 24 h after transfer, but it returned to the level observed in the control fish at 48 h after transfer. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that gill NKA was localized to chloride cells. The number of chloride cells tended to change in parallel with NKA activity. Substantial decreases in plasma $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, and osmolality were observed after 12 h of exposure to 5 psu; however, these parameters began to recover to the values detected in the controls at 24 h after transfer. In conclusion, our results suggest that black sea bream are able to adjust their osmoregulatory mechanisms to shift from hypo- to hyperosmoregulation within 6 h of exposure to a hypoosmotic environment.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

GLCM(Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix)의 질감 특징 정보 여섯 종류를 이용해서 위성영상을 변환한 후 두개의 주성분을 누적한 영상을 만들어 전 처리 과정을 거쳐서 모서리 검출과 영역 검출을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 두개의 주성분 변환 누적 영상의 고유 값은 94.6%로 여섯 종류 질감에 대한 대부분의 정보를 가지고 있으며, 이를 해색 한 가지 만을 이용한 적조영역 및 주성분을 모두 가지고 있는 영상의 적조영역과 비교했을 때 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 적조영역과 맑은 해역에 대한 유클리디언 거리 측정으로 유클리디언 공간을 생성하고 이를 이용하여 자동으로 입력되는 원격탐사 영상의 임의 해역에 대해 적조영역을 식별하였다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.559-572
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• 2019

한반도 동해 남부해역은 매년 하계에 집중적으로 냉수대가 형성되어 빈번한 이상해황이 발생한다. 동해안에 발생하는 냉수대는 바람의 영항을 지배적으로 받는데 남풍계열의 바람이 3일에서 7일 이상 지속적으로 불어오는 경우 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 냉수대의 발생과 변화 및 Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조와의 상관성을 분석하기 위하여 기상청, 한국수력원자력, 해양조사원의 부이의 수온과 풍향 및 풍속, COMS/GOCI의 클로로필 자료, 바람자료와 NOAA에서 제공하는 GHRSST Level 4 SST, 국립수산과학원의 적조속보자료를 활용하였다. 동해안 연안용승시 용승된 수괴는 해류를 따라 북쪽으로 이동하는 특성을 보이며 수괴를 따라 고농도의 클로로필이 형성되는 특성을 보였다. 남쪽의 동한난류의 세력이 강하게 형성될 때 적조가 북상하는 특성을 나타내었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2008

According to IPCC fourth assessment report in 2007, global mean temperatures have risen by 0.74 degrees Celsius over the past 100 years. Moreover, in the recent 25 years, global mean temperatures have risen by 0.45 degrees Celsius, which is 2.4-times larger than those in the past 100 years. The evidences for climate change, such as sea level rise, arctic glacier melt, and desertification in Asia, have occurred and increased over the globe. In Korea, because regional climate has been changed, types of agriculture and fishery should be replaced. And as precipitation pattern behave differently from the past decades, water management would be more difficult, furthermore, atmospheric environment, related to concentrations for ozone, sulfate, etc., could be worse. Nevertheless, we have only focused on greenhouse gas reduction duty for the Convention of Climate Change. Fortunately, in the fourth plan on climate change, we have planned to manage climate change more actively since 2007. In Korea, the emission of carbon dioxide has increased about 1.9-times more, from 311million ton in 1990 to 591million ton in 2004. And also about 2 ppm rise every year for concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As a result, ecosystem, quality of water and atmosphere would be affected. Here, the emission of greenhouse gases over the globe is examined, and the effect of greenhouse gases for climate change is reviewed from the results of previous studies. In addition, the countermeasures of mitigation and adaptation on climate change were discussed for the understanding.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.669-672
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• 2023

In this research, the researcher has examined the factors affecting the movement of the soccer ball and will show that the effects such as air resistance, altitude above sea level, wind, air pressure, air temperature, air humidity, rotation of the earth, changes in the earth's gravitational acceleration in different areas. It, the geographical length and latitude of the launch point, the change of gravitational acceleration with height, the change of pressure with height, the change of temperature with height and also the initial spin (Magnus effect) affect the movement of projectiles (especially soccer ball). We modelled th ball based on shell element and derive the motion equations by energy method. Finally, using numerical solution, the wave of the ball is studied. The influences of various parameters are investigated on wave propagation of the ball. Therefore, in short, it can be said that the main factors that play a major role in the lateral deviation of the hit ball are the initial spin of the ball and the wind.

• 한국해안해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해안해양공학회 2002년도 한국해안해양공학발표논문집 Proceedings of Coastal and Ocean Engineering in Korea
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• pp.144-147
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• 2002

오탁방지막은 해상이나 하천에서 준설 및 매립공사등으로 인한 부유사 확산을 방지하는 막체구조로서 부력이 우수한 Polystyrene계로 원통형 부체를 이루는 부체부, 고장력 합성섬유를 사용하여 외력에 대하여 저항하고 여과기능이 있는 막체부,그리고 막체부의 이동을 막기 위해 해저면에 고정시키는 계류라인(Mooring Line) 및 블록(Anchor Block)부로 이루어져 있다 특히 계류라인은 와이어로프 또는 체인 등으로 부체부와 앵커블럭을 연결시켜 주는 역할을 한다. (중략)