• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.373-374
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• 2003

There were many studies on the effects of red tide dinoflagellates on shellfish populations (Nielsen and Stromgren, 1991; Lesser and Shumway, 1993; Luckenbach et al., 1993; Matsuyama et al., 1997; Li et al., 2001). However, these studies mainly focused on the toxic effects of dinoflagellates oui adults or juveniles. Interactions between dinoflagellates and bivalve larvae have not been understood comprehensively yet. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.75-84
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• 1985

This studies was conducted to elucidate the taste components of shellfishes, producted in Korea. Four kinds of shellfishes including sea mussel, short-necked clam, corb shell and ark ahell were selected according to the higher sales order and cheaper retail price at 50 fish markets in Seoul in August 1982. The results are : Palatable taste of shellfishes should be caused by nucleotide related products, organic acids and free amino acids. Thus taste components found in four shellfishes were succinic, fumaric, and lactic acids as organic acids, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid as free amino acids.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2005

The embryos of marine bivalves have been commonly used in bioassays for the quality assessment of marine environments. Although several standard protocols for developmental bioassay with bivalves have been already proposed, there have been few trials for applying these protocols in environmental assessment, or for developing new protocol with Korean species. So, there is a strong need to establish the standard bioassay protocols using bivalves commonly found in Korean waters. Prior to developing a new protocol, it is essential to know the optimum conditions for the reliable bioassay procedures. Here, we established the purpose of this study to determine the optimum bioassay conditions for successful development of a common mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. The conditions considered as critical for developmental bioassay, and determined in this study were; (1) temperature, (2) salinity, and (3) initial density of embryo. The optimal temperature for developmental bioassay of M. galloprovincialis was determined as $15^{\circ}C$. At this temperature, the required time for the embryo to become veliger larva was 48 hr. The acceptable range of salinity for the embryotoxicity test using M. galloprivincialis was from 30 to 35 psu, which was narrower than that of the natural habitat of adult populations. The optimum density of embryo at the beginning of bioassay was 100 embryos/ml. Over this density, the proportion of normally developed larvae decreased significantly. The results obtained in this study will serve as a basis for preparation of the standard bioassay protocol using embryo of M. galloprovincialis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1271-1277
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• 2018

The National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) has been sampling and cryogenically preserving various wildlife specimens to monitor bio-accumulations of chemical pollutants since 2010. Recently, the NESB set up a plan to develop reference materials at their facility to assure the analytical quality of and validate the analytical methods for their monitoring samples. One of the crucial characteristics of reference materials is intra- and inter-bottle homogeneity. In this study, we used ANOVA for total mercury concentrations in some samples to validate their homogeneities after milling and homogenization. We examined the intra- and inter-bottle homogeneities of two cryogenically-milled samples (Korean mussel (Mytilus coruscus) and black-tailed gull's egg (Larus crassirostris). The variations in the total mercury concentrations were not significantly different intra- and inter-bottle (mussel: F=0.74, p=0.67; gull egg: F=1.96, p=0.10). Additionally, the relative standard deviations of the total mercury concentrations showed low values (mussel: 2.02%, gull egg: 1.78%). Therefore, the cryogenic-milling process statistically proves the homogeneity of the materials of mussels and sea gull eggs for chemical analysis for total mercury.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.457-464
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• 2002

Distribution and stock assessment of mega-benthos living in the shallow hard bottom around Dokdo were studied in July,2000. Depth and topographical conditions have affected to the densities and biomass of benthic animals. In shallow area, less than 10 m depth, turbo shell Batillus cornutus, mussel, Mytilus corusucs were dominated and showed distinct patterns in vertical distribution. On the other hand, the area over 10m depth, it showed diverse pattern depending on topography. Turbo shell, mussel and sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus were dominated in terms of fishery resources, but abalones were rarely sampled. Stock assessment were estimated to be 6.54 M/T, 3.89 M/T and 8.92 M/T, respectively. Some parts of coastal hard bottom around Dokdo, such as the area between Dongdo and Seodo, seemed to play an Important role as nursery ground. Therefore, it is necessary to the environmental monitoring for coastal fishery managements aspects.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.523-529
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• 2014

Large amounts of waste shells have been produced each year from shellfish raising industries located in Korean costal areas. Due to the limited space for the waste shell disposal, the related environmental problem has been a serious issue. It is believed that using the waste shells as a source of aggregate for mortar, concrete or bricks can be a good solution. In this research, possibility of utilizing waste shells as an aggregate of mortar is investigated. Waste shells of manila clam, cockle, clam, sea mussel, and oyster were properly crushed, sieved, and sorted to meet the requirements of the grading of standard fine aggregate. After that, the waste shells were used as partial and total replacement of the fine aggregate, and their absorption and 28-day compressive strengths of mortar were measured. In general, replacement of waste shells increased the absorption and decreased the strength. However, one specimen with cockle increased compressive strength as replacement ratio increased. Mortar with cockle of 50% and 100% replacement showed higher compressive strength than that of control mortar. This increase of compressive strength was found to be affected by the strong interfacial bonding properties of the cockle and a cement matrix.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.163-168
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• 1974

The present paper deals with the degradation of nucleotides in the muscle of sea mussel, Mytilus edulis, during drying. Three kinds of samples, raw, hot-air dried, and steamed-and-hot air dried were prepared and the contents of nucleotides were determined by ion exchange chromatography on columns of Dowex 1, X8. ATP and ADP were dominant in the raw muscle showed about $8{\mu}moles/g$, dry basis, respectively. The rate of degadation of ATP was very slow during drying compared with those of fish. The accumulation of ADP and AMP were observed during drying and the amount of total nucleotides (ATP+ADP+AMP) were not decreased remarkably by drying process. IMP was not detected in the all of the samples examined, however, the contents of inosine and hypoxanthine were increased during drying. In case of inosine contents, the hot-air dried sample marked an exceedingly high value equivalent to 8 times of the raw sample whereas steamed-and-hot air dried sample showed 2 times of raw samples.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2002

This study is the first attempt to understand the feeding physiology of a sea-urchin larva on a red-tide dinoflagellate. Fifteen day old larvae of S. intermedius capture C. polykrikoides cells by localized reversal of ciliary beats. No failure to transporte the algal cells from theciliated band to mouth and no rejection at the mouth suggest that C. polykrikoides has no feeding deterrence to S. intermedius larvae. The trend obtained for the clearance rate of S. intermedius larvae is similar to that of other sea urchin larvae. Thus, the clearance rate decreased as the algal concentration increased. Maximum clearance rate of S. intermedius on C. polykrikoides was 17.7 $\mu l$/larva/hr. Ingestion rate rapidly increased at lower algal concentrations and saturated at higher concentrations. There was no inhibition in ingestion rate at the highest prey concentration of ca. 3000 cells/ml. Maximum ingestion rate of S. intermedius on C. polykrikoides was 131 ngC/larva/d, which is higher than that reported for the larvae of the mussel Mytilus gal-lotrovincialis, but lower than that of the ciliate Strombidinopsis sp. The grazing rate, calculated by combining the field data on algal abundances with experimental data on ingestion rate, suggests that due to its low abundance, sea urchin Iarva has no significant grazing impact on C. polykrikoides population.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.87-90
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• 1974

The followings are the results of study about morphological variation of mussel, Mytilus coruscus collected respectively from Sanyang-myeon Tongyeong-goon Gyeongnam on 13th January, Yeonwha-do Yokji-myeon Tongyeong-goon Gyeongnam on 15th May and down below the Yeong-do Bridge Busan on 20th August, 1964. The biggest mussel of the above three areas have been from Yeong-do Bridge, whose shell height is 164.1 mm, shell length 77.8mm, shell breadth 52.2mm, total weight 291,9g and shell length is as follows : from Yeong-do Bridge L=0.4954H + 1.9516, from Sanyang-myeon L=0.3718H + 14.145, from Yeonwha-do L=0.4074H + 9,6610 The relationship between shell height and shell breadth is as follows : from Yeong-do Bridge B=0.3426H + 0.2052, from Sanyang-myeon B=0.3084H + 3.6183, from Yeonwha-do B=0.3507H + 0.8028 In view of the above relationship, it is concluded that the slope value of mussel, nearer to the inshore from the off-sea, is similar to that of M. edulis, from which are can presume that M. coruscus could be changed in shell form according to its environment. Growth curve between total weight and shell height is as follows : from Yeong-do Bridge W=0. 00020469 $$H^{2.79745}$ from Sanyang-myeon W=0.00061512$H^{2.53708}$ from Yeonwha-do W=0.00016965$H^{2.83960}$

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.650-655
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• 2017

Extraction methods for cultured sea mussels Mytilus edulis and the quality characteristics of resulting extracts were investigated. The crude protein, carbohydrate and volatile basic nitrogen content of raw sea mussels was 15.2%, 1.9%, and 11.2 mg/100 g, respectively. Extracts were prepared using three different methods: hot-water extract (WE), scrap enzymatic hydrolysate extraction (SE), and complex extraction (CE). The respective extracts contained 5.5%, 8.6%, and 6.6% crude protein; 281.7, 366.0, and 343.0 mg/100 g amino nitrogen,: and 2.0%, 1.1% and 1.8% salinity. Their extraction yields were 689, 323, and 1,012 mL/kg. The CE method was superior to the traditional WE method in terms of extraction yield, amino-nitrogen content, and organoleptic qualities, but not odor. Active taste components were evaluated and the total free amino acid content of the WE and CE methods was 5,667.0 and 7,006.3 mg/100 g, respectively. The concentrations of major components (for WE and CE methods, respectively) were as follows: glutamic acid (1,244.0 and 955.4 mg/100 g), taurine (987.9 and 746.8 mg/100 g), glycine (721.2 and 847.0 mg/100 g), alanine (341.9 and 423.8 mg/100 g), arginine (265.5 and 376.5 mg/100 g), lysine (199.8 and 270.4 mg/100 g), and proline (253.9 and 220.3 mg/100 g). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that there is potential for using the CE method to expand the commercial utilization of sea mussels as a flavoring substance resource.