• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1997

In order to evaluate the usefulness of O. javanica for the phytoremediation, it was grown for 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days and was exposed to $50\;{\mu}M\;of\;CdCl_2$ in hydroponic medium after 3 weeks. Its biomass and contents of chlorophylls were analyzed. The growth of O. javanica showed little difference between cadmium treated and non-treated groups, while its contents of chlorophylls of Cd-treated group decreased up to 50% compared to the case of non-treated group. Its accumulated cadmium concentrations were 2.1, 7.3 and $113\;{\mu}moles\;Cd/g$ dry weight in the leaf, stem and root, respectively. The total contents of thiol increased 0.5, 1 and 7 times in the leaf, stem and root, respectively, while the contents of glutathione tended to decrease by 43%, 70% and 47% in the leaf, stem and root, respectively. Using HPLC analysis, the reasonable peaks of thiol compounds in shoot and root of Cd-treated sample were compared to those of non-treated sample in O. javanica, and found to be phytochelatins. In case of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi tested as control plant, the cadmium treatment for 3 weeks resulted in the decrease of both biomass and chlorophyll up to 70% and 75%, respectively. The roots of tobacco became rotten and eventually died. These results suggested that Oenanthe javanica is cadmium-tolerant hyperaccumulator.(Received December 20, 1996; accepted March 17, 1997)

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 1988

Sixty patients, of ASA physical status class I for elective operations in the lower abdomen, perineum, or lower extremities, were studied in a comparative prospective trial to evaluate the efficacy of epidural morphine and ketamine for postoperative analgesia. They were divided into two groups: an epidural morphine sulfate group (EMS group; 30 patients), and an epidural ketamine hydrochloride group (EKH group; 30 patients). Indwelling epidural catheters were placed in the patients' lumber areas (L3-4) and then all patients were anesthetized with thiopental, nitrous oxide, and halothane. After the patients had fully recovered from the anesthesia, the analgesic agents were administered epidurally via the catheter when the patients complained of pain in the postoperative period. The groups were given either 0.1 mg/kg of morphine sulfate or 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine hydrochloride administered in a volume of 10 ml of normal saline. Patients were observed for the onset and duration of postoperative analgesia and for other effects. Total doses were $5.7{\pm}0.6\;mg$ of morphine sulfate in the EMS group and $27.9{\pm}3.3\;mg$ of ketamine hydrochloride in the EKH group. The onset of analgesia was detectable within 35 min.($23.5{\pm}6.3$ min) in 86.7% (26 cases) of the EMS group and within 10 min. ($7.8{\pm}3.7$ min.) in 76.7% (23 cases) of the EKH group. Mean duration of postoperative analgesia was $22.3{\pm}2.1\;hr$. in the EMS group. In the EKH group, the duration of analgesia was shorter and variable, the range of duration was from 2 hr. to 24 hr., Cardiopulmonary changes were statistically insignificant ih both groups. Side effects such as nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, pruritus, dizziness, and headache were observed in EMS group. In the EKH group, there was no discomfort except dizziness (3 cases) and headache (1 case). Epidural ketamine was a safe technique for postoperative analgesia, but because of the variability and relative shortness in the duration of analgesia the use of this technique will require further clinical trials.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1648-1655
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• 2010

The flavor extracts of Mideoduck muscle and its juices were concentrated by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods. Each component present in the extracts was identified with GC and GC-MS by the n-paraffin hydrocarbon retention index and standard MS library data system. By SDE, $371.3\;{\mu}g/g$ of hexanal, $80.1\;{\mu}g/g$ of 1-tridecanol, $72.1\;{\mu}g/g$ of (Z)-4,5-dimethylhex-2-en-4-ol with other alcohols, aldehydes and acids were present in the flavor extracts, with the alcohols having the highest composition and being the most important factor in Mideoduck muscle flavor. By SPME, 9 alcohols, 1 acid, 1 aldehyde, 1 hydrocarbon, 1 ester, 1 amine and 2 ketones were detected in the extracts, with alcohol such as 1-nonanol, 1-decanol and 1-tridecanol as the major components. In SPME, the muscle sample, consisting of $31.6\;{\mu}g/g$ of 1-nonanol, $20.3\;{\mu}g/g$ of (E)-2-butenedioic acid dibutylester, and $26.7\;{\mu}g/g$ of heptadecanoic acid made up the 62.1% of total flavor extracts of Mideoduck muscle. The results of the SPME methods were similar to the composition of the raw material flavor of the sample even at a low concentration.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims to contribute to developing new pattern identification based on searches regarding pattern identification of low back pain, which is used in thesis both in Korea and China. Methods : First of all, we searched thesis concerning pattern identification of low back pain from RISS, OASIS, Korean traditional knowledge portal, CNKI. Results : 1. There were overall 34 thesis, consist of 18 Korean thesis(13 clinical papers and 5 analytical papers) and 9 Chinese thesis(7 clinical papers and 9 analytical papers). 2. 10 of 11 Korean thesis used more than 9 patterns for pattern identification, 9 of 14 Chinese thesis used less than 4 patterns for pattern identification of low back pain. 3. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in Korea, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 痰飮腰痛(Phlegm-fluid retention low back pain), 風腰痛(Wind low back pain), 食積腰痛(Food accumulation low back pain), 濕腰痛(Dampness low back pain), 挫閃腰痛(Sprain low back pain), 瘀血腰痛(Static blood low back pain), 氣腰痛(Qi low back pain). 4. Patterns, which were repeatedly used in China, were 腎虛腰痛(Kidney deficiency low back pain), 濕熱腰痛(Dampness-heat low back pain), 寒濕腰痛(Cold-dampness low back pain), 氣滯血瘀腰痛(Blood stasis due to qi stagnation low back pain). Conclusions : Based on these results, it is considered that an advanced type of pattern identification of low back pain should be made or existing type needs to be practically and objectively improved.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.244-250
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• 2005

Self-injurious behavior is defined as deliberated harm to one's own body without suicidal intent. It usually occurs as head banging or hitting, body hitting, skin cutting, or finger biting and includes ocular, genital, and self-inflicted oral mutilation. Self-injurious behavior can occur with mental retardation, coma, psychotic problem, poisoning, or character disorders. In pediatric patients, self-injurious behavior usually is reported to lip, cheek and tongue biting, and many kinds of dental management methods have been introduced to prevent self-injurious behavior patients from self biting. This report presents two self-inflicted oral mutilation patients who were all treated successfully with appliances such as modified activator without wire for retention, modified tongue-rake appliance and mouth guard.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2011

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva(FOP) is characterized by episodes of permanent heterotopic ossifications of soft tissues throughout the body. FOP is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, but most cases result from new mutations in the ACVR1 gene. Even minimal trauma can cause permanent ossifications of soft tissues and give rise to complications following routine dental care. Dental block anesthesia, severe stretching of the jaw and biopsies are all contraindicated in children with FOP. There is no effective treatment. Since the prevalence of FOP is very low and most patients with FOP are misdiagnosed during childhood, they undergo dangerous and unnecessary treatment that can lead to permanent harm. For patients with FOP, early diagnosis and prevention of complications are most important. This study aims at contemplating the characteristic features and consideration factors for the dental treatment of FOP patients in relation to the case of an eight years-and-one month old boy who was referred to Pediatric Dentistry due to prolonged retention of mandibular right and left deciduous central incisors after being diagnosed with sporadic FOP at Pediatric Orthopaedics, Seoul National University Hospital, and received dental treatment without the exacerbation of the FOP symptoms.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to compare periodontal conditions around mesially tipped molars by a tipping degree. Patients who had been consecutively treated at the Department of Periodontology, Chonbuk National University Hospital from October 1999 to August 2001 were assessed with radiographs taken at their molar regions. Of all molars investigated, 142 molars of 116 patients tipped mesially more than 10 degrees to the line perpendicular to an occlusal plane were selected for the study. The tipped molars were divided into 2 groups with a reference to a tipping degree, i.e., 66 slightly tipped(group 1 : <$30^{\circ}$) and 76 severely tipped molars (group 2 : ${\geq}30^{\circ}$). Probing depth(PD), plaque retention index(PRI) at mesial surfaces of tipped molars and tooth mobility(TM) were recorded at the clinical examination. Tipping degree(TD) and alveolar bony defect(ABD) at the mesial surface of the molars were measured in a radiograph. The results showed that no statistical differences were found between groups in all measured variables. In Pearson correlation analysis performed in the same group, a positive relationship was shown between PRI and PD in the group 1 and, in the group 2, between PRI and PD as well as PRI and ABD(p < 0.01). However, no statistically significant relationship was found between TD and all other variables in both groups. Within limitations of this study, it may be concluded that tipping degree did not seem to influence periodontal conditions, i.e., PD, ABD and TM of mesially tipped molars per se, but plaque presence/absence seemed to mainly affect the periodontal conditions of the tipped molars.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2011

The hypothesis on effective stress of unsaturated soil is validated by $K_0$ consolidation results of triaxial tests for the compacted residual soil. The stress characteristic curve (SSCC) can describe unsaturated soil behavior on water contents, which was defined from shear strength or from soil water characteristic curves. In this study, it was found that the stress path of $K_0$ consolidation can also define the SSCC. The effective stress was defined by SSCC. $K_0$ paths for various matric suctions could be described as a unique line by effective stress. The measured values of $K_0$ were interpreted by effective stress as a constant with respect to matric suction. Since the SSCC from $K_0$ consolidation agrees with that from the shear strength, the SSCC from soil water retention curve could describe effective stress behavior consistently on both $K_0$ consolidation path and stress at failure. The effective stress based on SSCC can describe the entire unsaturated behavior from consolidation to failure.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2017

Cathepsin F, which is encoded by CTSF, is a cysteine proteinase ubiquitously expressed in several tissues. In a previous study, novel transcripts of the CTSF gene were identified in the crab-eating monkey deriving from the integration of an Alu element-AluYRa1. The occurrence of AluYRa1-derived alternative transcripts and the mechanism of exonization events in the CTSF gene of human, rhesus monkey, and crabeating monkey were investigated using PCR and reverse transcription PCR on the genomic DNA and cDNA isolated from several tissues. Results demonstrated that AluYRa1 was only integrated into the genome of Macaca species and this lineage-specific integration led to exonization events by producing a conserved 3' splice site. Six transcript variants (V1-V6) were generated by alternative splicing (AS) events, including intron retention and alternative 5' splice sites in the 5' and 3' flanking regions of CTSF_AluYRa1. Among them, V3-V5 transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in all tissues of rhesus monkey and crab-eating monkey, whereas AluYRa1-exonized V1 was dominantly expressed in the testis of the crab-eating monkey, and V2 was only expressed in the testis of the two monkeys. These five transcript variants also had different amino acid sequences in the C-terminal region of CTSF, as compared to reference sequences. Thus, species-specific Alu-derived exonization by lineage-specific integration of Alu elements and AS events seems to have played an important role during primate evolution by producing transcript variants and gene diversification.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.827-840
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• 2021

Several studies have focused on Ca and P requirements for pigs. These requirements are estimated from their retention and bone formation. However, modern pig breeds have different responses to dietary Ca and P than traditional breeds, and their requirements are expected to change on an annual basis. Besides individual Ca and P needs, the Ca to P ratio (Ca/P) is an important factor in determining requirements. This study aimed to implement a linear and quadratic regression analysis to estimate Ca and P requirements based on average daily gain (ADG), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca (ATTD-Ca), ATTD of P (ATTD-P), and crude protein (CP) digestibility. Results show that Ca/P had linear and quadratic effects on ADG in the phytase-supplemented (PS) group in both the 6-11 kg and 11-25 kg categories. In the latter category, the CP digestibility was linearly increased in response to increasing Ca/P in the without-phytase (WP) group. In the 25-50 kg category, there was a linear response of ADG and linear and quadratic responses of CP digestibility to Ca/P in the PS group, while a linear and quadratic increase in CP digestibility and a quadratic effect on ATTD-Ca were observed in the WP group. In the 50-75 kg category, Ca/P had significant quadratic effects on ADG in the PS and WP groups, along with significant linear and quadratic effects on ATTD-Ca. In addition, Ca/P had significant quadratic effects on ATTD-P and led to a significant linear and quadratic increase in the CP digestibility in the WP group. In the 75-100 kg category, analysis showed a significant decrease in ATTD-Ca and ATTD-P in the PS and WP groups; in the latter, ATTD-P and ATTD-Ca were linearly decreased by increasing Ca/P. In conclusion, our equations predicted a higher Ca/P in the 6-25 kg bodyweight categories and a lower Ca/P in the 50-100 kg category than that recommended in the literature.