• 제목/요약/키워드: Se Deposition

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Physical Vapor Deposition공정 시, Substrate 온도에 따른 X-선 검출용 비정질 셀레늄의 성능평가

  • 김대국;강진호;김진선;노성진;조규석;신정욱;남상희
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.210.2-210.2
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    • 2013
  • 현재 국내의 상용화된 디지털 방식 X-선 영상장치에서 간접변환방식은 대부분 CsI를 사용하고 있으며, X-선 흡수에 의해 전기적 신호를 발생시키는 직접변환방식은 Amorphous Selenium(a-Se)을 사용한다. a-Se은 진공 중에 녹는점이 낮아 증착시 substrate의 온도에 따라 민감한 변화를 보인다. 본 연구에서는 간접변환방식에 비해 높은 영상의 질을 획득할 수 있는 직접변환방식의 a-Se기반 X-선 검출기 제작 시 substrate에 인가된 온도에 따른 특성을 연구하여 최적화 된 substrate의 온도를 알고자 한다. 본 실험에서는 glass에 투명한 전극물질인 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)가 electrode로 형성된 substrate를 사용하였으며 그 상단에 a-Se을 Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)방식을 거쳐 X-선 검출기 샘플을 제작하였다. PVD 공정 시 네 개의 보트에 a-Se 시료를 각각 100g씩 총 400g을 넣고, $5{\times}10-5Torr$까지 진공도를 낮추었다. 보트의 온도는 $270^{\circ}C$에서 40분 $290^{\circ}C$에서 90분으로 온도를 인가하여 a-Se을 기화시켜 증착하였다. 증착 시 substrate 온도를 각각 $20^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$ 네 종류로 나누어 실험을 진행하였다. 끝으로 증착된 a-Se 상단에 Au를 PVD방식으로 electrode를 형성시켜 a-Se기반의 X-선 검출기 샘플 제작을 완료하였다. 제작된 a-Se기반의 X-선 검출기 샘플의 두께는 80에서 $85{\mu}m$로 온도에 따른 차이가 없었다. 이후에 전기적 특성을 평가하기위해 electrometer와 oscilloscope를 이용하여 Dark current와 Sensitivity를 측정하여 Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR)로 도출하였으며 Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) 표면 uniformity를 관찰하였다. 또한 제작된 a-Se기반 X-선 검출기 샘플의 hole collection 성능을 확인하고자 mobility를 측정하였다. 측정결과 a-Se의 work function을 고려한 $10V/{\mu}m$기준에서 70kV, 100mA, 0.03sec의 조건의 X-선을 조사 하였을 때 Sensitivity는 세 종류의 검출기 샘플이 15nC/mR-cm2에서 18nC/mR-cm2으로 비슷한 양상을 나타내었지만, substrate온도가 $70^{\circ}C$때의 샘플은 10nC/mR-cm2이하로 저감됨을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 substrate온도 $60^{\circ}C$에서 제작된 검출기 샘플의 전기적 특성이 SNR로 환산 시, 15.812로 가장 우수한 전기적 특성을 나타내어 최적화 된 온도임을 알 수 있었다. SEM촬영 시 온도상승에 따라 표면 uniformity가 우수하였으며, Mobility lifetime에서는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 제작된 검출기 샘플이 deep trap 수치가 높아 hole이 $0.04584cm2/V{\cdot}sec$$0.00174cm2/V{\cdot}sec$의 electron보다 26.34배가량 빠른 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 a-Se증착 시, substrate에 인가된 온도는 균일한 박막의 형성 및 표면구조에 영향을 미치며 온도가 증가할수록 안정적인 전기적 특성을 나타내지만 $70^{\circ}C$이상일 시, a-Se층의 결정화가 생겨 deep trap을 발생시켜 전기적 특성이 저하됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 증착 시의 substrate의 온도 최적화는 a-Se기반 X-선 검출기의 안전성 및 성능향상을 위해 불가피한 요소가 된다고 사료된다.

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Diffusion Coefficient of Iron in ZnSe Polycrystals from Metal Phase for mid-IR Gain Medium Application

  • Jeong, Junwoo;Myoung, NoSoung
    • Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.371-375
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    • 2014
  • Diffusion coefficient of Fe in polycrystalline host ZnSe as a mid-IR gain medium has been measured in the annealing temperature ranges of 850 to $950^{\circ}C$. The synthesis of the samples was carried out in quartz ampoule in which the Fe thin film deposited by physical vapor evaporation method on the ZnSe. One can realize that the diffusion coefficient strongly depends on the surface active surfactants through the cleaning process and the substrate temperature during the thin film deposition leading to $2.04{\times}10^{-9}cm^2/s$ for $Fe^{2+}:ZnSe$. The Annealing temperature dependence of the Fe ions diffusion in ZnSe was used to evaluate the activation energy, $E_a$=1.39 eV for diffusion and the pre-exponential factor $D_0$ of $13.5cm^2/s$.

Effect of Ga, S Additions in CuInSe$_2$ for Solar Cell Applications

  • Kim, Kyoo-Ho
    • 한국표면공학회지
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.191-195
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    • 2004
  • Gallium or sulphur additions in $CuInSe_2$ were prepared using RF magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition respectively. All of the observed thin films shows a chalcopyrite structure with the S and Ga addition increases the favourable (112) peak. The optical absorption coefficients were slightly decreased. The energy band gap of films could be shifted from 1.04 to 1.68 eV by adjusting the mole ratio of S/(S+Se) and Ga/(In+Ga). It is possible to obtain the optimum energy band gap by adding S or Ga solute at a certain ratio in favour of Se and In respectively. It is also necessary to control the ratio of Ga and S additions and to retain a certain portion of In and Se to provide better properties of thin films.

ITO/TiO$_2$/Se 태양전지의 전기적특성에 관한 연구 (Electrical Properties of ITO/TiO$_2$/Se Solar Cell)

  • 문수경;박현빈;구할본;김태성
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 1992년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.114-116
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    • 1992
  • ITO/TiO$_2$/Se solar cell were fabricated by vacuum deposition method, the Se and TiO$_2$were deposited on the ITO/Glass. Prior to the electrical properties of film, the provide Te between the ITO and the Se film were deposited by substrate temperature 20[$^{\circ}C$] and evaporation time 15[min], next time TiO$_2$ were treated by rf-magnetron sputtering in substrate temperature 250[$^{\circ}C$]. Fabricated ITO/TiO$_2$/Se solar cell were as follows : Open Voltage V$\_$oc/=848[mV], Short Circuit Current I$\_$sc/=10.79[mA/$\textrm{cm}^2$]. Fill Factor FF=0.518, energy conversion efficiency η=4.74[%] under the illumination of AM 1.

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CIGS 박막 태양전지용 CdS 버퍼층 제조 공정의 in-situ 모니터링 기술 (In-situ monitoring technique for deposition process of CdS buffer layer for CIGS thin film solar cells)

  • 권영준;안세진;윤재호;윤경훈
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.434-435
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    • 2008
  • An in-situ monitoring technique for deposition process of CdS buffer layer was developed in this work. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was used to measure the frequency change during the CdS deposition process and the relation ship between frequency change and film thickness and optical transmittance was investigated. The film thickness shows a linear relationship with frequency change, demonstrating that frequency change measured by QCM can be used a in-situ monitoring tool for CdS deposition process.

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화학적으로 증착된 CdS 박막의 반응온도에 따른 물성 (Effect of Reaction Temperature on Properties of CdS Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition)

  • 송우창
    • 한국표면공학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.112-117
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, CdS thin films, which were widely used as a window layer of the CdS/CdTe and the $CdS/CuInSe_2$heterojunction solar cell, were grown by chemical bath deposition, and the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films on reaction temperatures were investigated. Cadmium acetate and thiourea were used as cadmium and sulfur source, respectively. And Ammonium acetate was used as the buffer solution. As the reaction temperatures were increased, the deposition rate of CdS fllms prepared by CBD was increased and the grain size was large due to increasing reaction rate in solution, also optical transmittance of the films in visible lights was increased on rising reaction temperatures.

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 박막의 KF 처리가 CIGS태양전지에 미치는 영향 (Effect of KF Treatment of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films on the Photovoltaic Properties of CIGS Solar Cells)

  • 정광선;차은석;문선홍;안병태
    • Current Photovoltaic Research
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 2015
  • We applied KF on CIGS film to modify CIGS surface with a wider-bandgap surface layer. With the KF deposition the surface of CIGS film had fine particle on the CIGS surface at 350 and $300^{\circ}C$. No fine particle was detected at 500 and $250^{\circ}C$. With the KF treatment, the Ga and O content increased at the surface, while the In and Cu content decreased. The valence band maximum was lowered with KF treatment. The composition profile and band structure were positive side of applying KF on the CIGS surface. However, the efficiency decreased with the KF treatment due to high series resistance, probably due to too thick surface layer. A smaller amount of KF should be supplied and more systematic analysis is necessary to obtain a reproducible higher efficiency CIGS solar cells.