• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.43-55
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• 2013

In general, huge caissons for breakwaters have been constructed on land or a floating dock. In the case of the construction on a floating dock, a 4 step installation procedure is involved: i) construction on a floating dock, ii) transportation by the floating dock to an area near the target sea, iii) launching from the floating dock, and iv) transference by tug-boats to the installation site. It is especially important to pay attention to the dynamic stability of the floating dock against the conditions in the sea during steps i) and iii). In this paper, the static and dynamic stabilities of a caisson on a floating dock are evaluated based on IMO rules during the construction and launching of the caisson on a floating dock by using independent commercial S/Ws such as NAPA, WAMIT, and CHARM3D.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.502-506
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• 1994

The design of safety computer system is described along with the case of software design and testing in the Core Protection Calculator System (CPCS). The application of computer system in safety system requires not only hardware qualification but thorough testing on software to verify its correctness and completeness. The testing on software for CPCS is performed by comparing the outputs of two versions of code. One is implemented in assembly language and the other is in Fortran. The testing is performed in sequencial and overlapping manner. Phase I test verifies that each software module is implemented correctly by executing every branch. Phase II test verifies that the integrated software is complete, meeting its requirements specification and also the integrated system meet its requirement and timing constraints. Through these testing, the Yonggwang Nuclear Power Plant Units (YGN) 3 and 4 CPCS software is verified to be correct and complete, and the integrated system is designed as in its requirements specification.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.254-262
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• 2006

This study had been done for the investigation of the effect of Vitis vinifera extract(V), Schisandra chinensis extract (S), Taraxacum officinale extract (T), Gardenia jasminoides extract (G), Angelica acutiloba extract (A) and Paeonia japonica extract (P), and their mixtures on the antioxidant and ethanol oxidation system which was induced by Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups: ethanol diet (ED), normal diet (ND), ED+V (100 mg/kg/day), ED+S, ED+T, ED+G, ED+A and ED+P (300 mg/kg/day). We studied the effect on alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) after herbal extracts administration for 6 weeks in rats induced by Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet. The differences in ADH and ALDH activity of the rats treated with herbal extracts and ED group were not significant. Phase I enzyme activity was found to be significantly higher in the ED+V than the ED group. Phase II enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, phenol sulfatransferase) activities were found to be higher in the herbal extracts than the ED group. Herbal extracts not only reduced ethanol-induced elevation of level malondialdehyde but also protected against ethanol-induced decrease of reduced glutathione, gluthione reducatse, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Therefore, they can be utilized as a health functional food or new drug candidate for fatty liver and hepatotoxicity which was induced by chronic alcohol consumption.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.447-452
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• 2018

Purpose: The recent trend in breast cancer treatment is to minimize axillary dissection. However, no pattern of axillary metastasis has been precisely established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metastatic lymphatic pattern using near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) in breast cancer with cytologically proven axillary metastasis. Methods: This was a prospective single-center study. We evaluated 147 patients with breast cancer involving cytologically proven axillary metastasis, and compared physiological and nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis. Results: We performed lymphatic mapping for 64 patients who exhibited level II lymphatic flow on near-infrared fluorescence imaging with ICG, and found that all had axillary metastasis: 51 patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 13 patients post-NAC. Of patients who did not receive NAC, 32 had physiological lymphatic metastasis and 19 had nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis. The risk factors for nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis were age ${\geq}55$ years, high Ki-67 index (>20%), and perinodal extension in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with identified risk factors in cytologically-proven axillary metastasis who did not receive NAC may have nonphysiological lymphatic metastasis.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2019

덕항산 산림유전자원보호구역(337ha)은 강원도 삼척시 신기면에 위치하며, 남한에서 유일하게 해발고도 1,000m에 가까운 고산지대에 발달한 카르스트지형을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 석회암지대의 식생현황을 제공하여 석회석 광산 채굴 등 황폐화가 진행되고 있는 석회암지대의 식생을 복원하기위한 식생자료로 활용되고자 실시되었다. 2018년 4월 9일부터 10월 31일 까지 총 15회에 걸친 계절별 현지 조사를 실시한 결과, 덕항산 지역에서 발견된 관속식물은 90과 302속 479종 4아종 51변종 3품종 총 537분류군으로 조사되었다. 그 중 한국특산식물은 북부지방 고산지대에 자생한다고 알려진 Pseudostellaria setulosa Ohwi(숲개별꽃)과 우리나라 석회암지대에서만 발견된다고 알려진 Saussurea calcicola Nakai(사창분취)와 Peucedanum insolens Kitag.(덕우기름나물)을 포함하여 18분류군이 발견되었고, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물은 멸종위기 야생식물 II급에 속하는 Astilboides tabularis (Hmsl.) Engl.(개병풍)과 Vioela websteri Hemsl.(왕제비꽃)을 포함하여 18분류군이 분포하였다. 또한 석회암지대 지표식물 33분류군, 식물구계학적 특정식물 총 113분류군이 조사되었으며, 귀화식물은 27분류군이 확인되었다. 기후변화 취약식물은 특산식물 11분류군, 북방계식물 22분류군으로 총 33분류군이 조사되었다. 본 대상지는 온대북부 석회암지대의 특성상 특산식물과 북방계식물이 주로 발견되었으며, 남방계식물은 현재까지 발견되지 않았다. 지구온난화로 인한 남방계 식물의 북상은 우려와는 달리 현재까지는 미비한 수준으로 판단되며, 북방계식물의 생육에 적합한 환경을 유지하고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-90
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• 2021

Purpose : This study explores unmet medical services within a region for patients admitted to a single medical institution in one region and was to analyze the importance and satisfaction of hospital selection attributes. Through this, we tried to solve the unmet medical needs of patients and provide useful basic data in terms of hospital management in the region. Methods : It were collected to a total of 250 questionnaires for patients admitted to the regional integrative medical hospital. However, 232 samples were used for the final analysis, excluding 18 copies not reported in good faith. For the analysis, first, demographic frequency analysis of inpatients and inpatients was performed, and second, characteristics of patients, including frequent disease receiving treatment, were analyzed. Next, descriptive statistics analysis was conducted on unmet medical service intentions. In terms of hospital selection attribute, the items of continuity maintenance (I quadrant), priority visibility (II quadrant), low priority (III quadrant), and excessive effort (IV quadrant) were derived using the IPA (importance-performance analysis) matrix technique. Results : The derived results were classified by item and area. In the priority administration area, it was the reputation and recognition of medical institutions and the service area of medical institutions. In the case of items, there were 6 items including the importance of surgery and medical expenses, and diet at hospitalization. 1) Conclusion : Thus a result of this study, resources are efficiently allocated to priority correction areas with high importance but low satisfaction and circulatory medical treatment is performed in the departments required by patients who use medical care and, various methods, such as preparing a policy to support medical expenses, should be sought.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1700-1709
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• 2019

Recently, many researches have been under way to develop systems (services) to support the safety navigation of ships, and in these studies, common difficulties have been encountered in assessing the usefulness and effectiveness of the developed system. To solve these problems, we propose the DEVS-based ship navigation modeling and simulation technique. Following the preceding study, we analyze the COLREG rules and reflected to officer and helmsman agent models for decision making. Also we propose estimation and interpolation techniques to adopt the motion characteristics of the actual vessel to simulation. In addition, we implement the navigation simulation system to reflect the designed proposed methods, and we present five-scenarios to verify the developed simulation system. And we conduct simulations according to each scenario and the results were reconstructed. The simulation results confirm that the components modelled in each scenario enable to operate according to the navigation relationships.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.269-276
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• 2020

Objective: We investigated the impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib or dasatinib) coadministration with cyclophosphamide (Cp) on preantral follicle development in an in vitro mouse model. Methods: Seventy-three female BDF1 mice were allocated into four experimental groups: group A, saline; group B, Cp (25 mg/kg); group C, Cp (25 mg/kg) and imatinib (7.5 mg/kg); and group D, Cp (25 mg/kg) and dasatinib (7.5 mg/kg). Preantral follicles were isolated and cultured in vitro up to 12 days. Final oocyte acquisition and spindle integrity of metaphase II (MII) oocytes were assessed. Levels of 17β-estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the final spent media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the mRNA levels of Star, Sod1, Mapk3, and Casp3 in the final follicular cells were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The percentage of MII oocytes per initiated follicle, the proportion of MII oocytes with normal spindles, and the 17β-estradiol level were similar in all four groups. The median AMH level in group B (7.74 ng/mL) was significantly lower than that in group A (10.84 ng/mL). However, the median AMH levels in group C (9.96 ng/mL) and group D (9.71 ng/mL) were similar to that in group A. The mRNA expression levels of Star, Sod1, Mapk3, and Casp3 were similar in all four groups. Conclusion: Coadministration of imatinib or dasatinib with Cp could preserve AMH production capacity in this in vitro mice preantral follicle culture model, and it did not affect MII oocyte acquisition.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.160-171
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• 2021

Synthetic azo dyes are used extensively in herbal medicines to render the medicines more visually attractive to consumers. This study developed and validated a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine whether synthetic colorants such as Tartrazine, Auramine O, Metanil yellow, Sunset yellow, and Orange II are used extensively in Typha orientalis. To increase the recovery of the synthetic dyes, this method employed containing 50 mM ammonium acetate in 70 % methanol at first extraction and 100 mM HCl in 70 % methanol at second extraction. Five synthetic pigments in Typha orientalis were separated by gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 50 mM ammonium acetate in distilled water at ultra-violet (UV) detection 428 nm or 500 nm. Additionally, this study established the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to confirm positive samples suspected by HPLC results. The HPLC-UV method had good linearity, indicating r²> 0.999. The recoveries of the samples spiked with three different concentration ranged from 73.8~91.5 %, and relative standard deviation values indicated 0.2~5.2 %. The established LC-MS/MS could successfully identify the synthetic pigments in herbal medicine samples. The study demonstrates that Typha orientalis adulterated by yellowish synthetic dyes can be successfully distinguished when using the HPLC-UV method.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2022

Water temperature affects plankton survival and growth. The dinoflagellate Shimiella gracilenta survives using the plastids of ingested prey, indicating kleptoplastidy. However, studies on the effects of water temperature on kleptoplastidic dinoflagellates are lacking. We explored the growth and ingestion rates of S. gracilenta as a function of water temperature. Furthermore, using data on its spatiotemporal distribution in Korean coastal waters during 2015-2018, we predicted its distribution under elevated temperature conditions of +2, +4, and +6℃. Growth rates of S. gracilenta with and without Teleaulax amphioxeia prey as well as ingestion rates were significantly affected by water temperature. Growth rates of S. gracilenta with and without prey were positive or zero at 5-25℃ but were negative at ≥30℃. The maximum growth rate of S. gracilenta with T. amphioxeia was 0.85 d^-1, achieved at 25℃, and 0.21 d^-1 at 20℃ without prey. The ingestion rate of S. gracilenta on T. amphioxeia at 25℃ (0.05 ng C predator^-1 d^-1) was greater than that at 20℃ (0.04 ng C predator^-1 d^-1). Thus, feeding may shift the optimal temperature for the maximum growth rate of S. gracilenta from 20 to 25℃. In spring and winter, the distributions of S. gracilenta under elevated temperature conditions were predicted not to differ from those during 2015-2018. However, S. gracilenta was predicted not to survive at some additional stations under elevated temperature conditions of +2, +4, and +6℃ in summer or under elevated temperature conditions of +6℃ in autumn. Therefore, global warming may affect the distribution of S. gracilenta.