• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.851-857
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• 2000

SosokMyeongTang(SMT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. The effects of SMT on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SMT on the changes in blood pressure(BP) and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) of rats. SMT consists of the following components : Radix Ledebouriellae(防風), Radix Cocculi or Stephaniae(防己), Semen Armeniacae(杏仁), Cortex Cinnamomi(肉桂), Radix Scutellariae(黃芩), Radix Paeoniae Lactiflorae(白芍藥), Radix Ginseng(人蔘), Rhizoma Cnidll(川芎), Herba Ephedrae(麻黃), Radix Glycyrrhizae(甘草), Radix Aconiti(附子?), Fructus Zizyphi Jujubae(大棗), Rhizoma Zingiberis(生薑) and the changes of BP and rCBF were tested Leser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF) The experimental results were as follows ; BP was not affected by SMT in rats, but rCBF was increased significantly by SMT in a dose dependent manner. SMT increased previous decreasd rCBF due to pretreatment methylene blue, but did not increased previous decreasd rCBF due to pretreatment L-NNA, indomethacin. Pretreatment with indomethacin decreased BP compaired with control group. These results suggest that SMT causes a diverse response of blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF). The increased rCBF is mediated by nitric oxide synthease.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.220-232
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang and combinations of constituent herbs on the arterial contraction. Methods : In order to investigate the effects Scutellariae Radix. Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex and Gardeniae Fructus, in which one of them, two of them, and all of them, were used to exam. Results : The results were summarized as follows; 1. HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang significantly inhibited the contraction of artery induced by Norepinephrine(NE). However the atonic effect was slightly blunted when the vascular endothelial cell was removed. No significant change in the atonic effect of HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang was found when $_L-NNA$ was used as a preliminary treatment. These results indicate that the vascular atonic effect by HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang is slightly dependent on the endothelial cell, and that the HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang works directly to the vascular smooth muscle in creating the vascular atonic effect. 2. The pretreatment of HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang extract significantly inhibited the contractile response to additive application of $Ca^{2+}$ in the strips which were contracted by NE in $Ca^{2+}$-free solution. 3. HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang extract increased the contraction of arterial smooth muscle induced by KCl. Therefore, it can be concluded that HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang may block the NE-receptor or receptor-operated $Ca^{2+}$ channel. 4. It was determined that Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex among the ingredients of HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang have a vascular atonic effect. In addition, those ingredients plays a role in strengthening the atonic effect by working with other herbal medicines. Gardeniae Fructus causes the blood vessel to contract. but it does not influence the atonic effects of other herbal medicines. However Gardeniae Fructus tends to inhibit the vascular atonic effect of Phellodendri Cortex. Conclusion : Based on the above results, it can be said that HwangRyunHaeDok-Tang can be applied to cure hypertension considering those three herbs have significant effects of relaxation.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.8-19
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• 2009

Scutellaria Radix, originated from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is one of the most important medicine in traditional Oriental medicine, and possesses anti-bacterial activity and sedative effects, can be applied in the treatment of a range of conditions including diarrhea and hepatitis. It is reported that chronic global ischemia induces neuronal damage in selective, vulnerable regions of the brain, especially the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In the present study, to investigate the effect of Scutellaria Radix extract on cerebral disease, the changes of regional cerebral blood flow and pial arterial diameter on ischemia/reperfusion state was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry and some parameters concerned with oxidative stress also measured. When SRe were administered for five days with the concentration of 100 mg/kg, GSH activity significantly increased. But SRe administeration showed no significant change in lipid peroxidation. When the activities of CAT, Cu, Zn-SOD and GSH were measured, CAT and GSH were activated by SRe administration. When 1 and 3 ㎍/㎖ SRe was applied to the neuronal cell cultures, the quantities of LDH was significantly reduced when compared with cultures treated only with NMDA. Through this study, it can be concluded that the ischemia/reperfusion induced brain stress may have contributed to cerebral damage in rats, and the present study provides clear evidence for the beneficial effect of SRe on ischemia induced brain injury.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.103-125
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• 1997

In order to study of safety, Hwanggum(黃芩) aqua-acupuncture was prepared by boiling extract and filtration. This study was performed to determine the toxic effects of graded dose levels and effects of Scutellaria Root after repeated administration(14days). From these results, Hwanggum(黃芩) aqua-acupuncture was quite sag in male and female rats.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2009

Background: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome worldwide and has been defined as granular subepithelial deposition of immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). MN has few known treatments and gives rise to side effects under treatment with steroids and immunosuppressives. Objective: The purpose of this experimental study was to demonstrate the effects of Scutellariae Radix extract (SRE) treatment on MN mouse model induced by cBSA. Methods: We divided mice into 4 groups. The Normal group had no treatment. We induced MN mouse model to the other 3 groups by injecting cBSA into the abdominal cavity. The control group was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) only. The second group, 'SRE-250', was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and SRE (250 mg/kg, p.o.). The third group, 'SRE-500', was treated with cBSA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and SRE (500 mg/kg, p.o.). After cBSA and SRE treatment for 4 weeks, gain in body weight, 24hrs proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN and creatinine of all groups were measured. TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-1$\beta$, IL-10, IFN-$\gamma$, IgA, IgM and IgG levels of all groups were gauged. H&E staining and electron microscopy of the kidney were observed. Results: SRE showed significant decrease in the 24hrs proteinuria, serum triglyceride, BUN, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, serum IgA, IgM and IgG levels compared with the control group. SRE showed increase in the serum IL-10 and IFN-$\gamma$ levels compared with control on RT-PCR. SRE considerably decreased in the thickening of the GBM on H&E staining and deposition of electron-density on electron microscopy of the kidney compared with the control. Conclusions: According to the above results, it is suggested that SRE decreases the symptoms of MN induced by cBSA in mouse model. Therefore, SRE seems to be applicable to MN in clinical practice.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2000

In the previous reports, we selected 80% MeOH extract of 7 herbs including Scutellariae Radix(SR), Paeoniae Radix Rubra(PRR), Moutan Cortex(MC), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(AGR), Crataegi Fructus(CF), Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam(BCT) and Cinnamomi Ramulus(CR), which exhibited the inhibitory effect on HMG-CoA reductase and DPPH free radical scavenging effect in vitro, and antihyperlipidemic effects on antihyperlipidemic rats induced by Triton WR 1339 in vivo. Among them, SR, MC, AGR and BCT showed significant suppression of elevated serum LDL-cholesterol level, and AGR and CF showed significant liver weight increase on high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemic mice. And, SR, PRR, AGR, BCT and CR significantly suppressed the elevated serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels on corn oil induced hyperlipidemic rats. Then, in order to research new antihyperlipidemic agents from the oriental medicinal herbs, we chose SR, AGR, CR and BCT which have the antihyperlipidemic effect in vitro and in vivo, and those herbs were systematically fractionated with organic solvent. EtOAc fraction of SR, hexane fraction of BCT, AGR and chloroform fraction of CR exhibited remarkably inhibitory effect on HMG-CoA reductase activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.874-885
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• 2012

In the present study, the possibility of whether the pharmacological effects of Scutellariae Radix Aqueous Extracts(SR) were favorably changed by report that lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced rat acute lung injury was treated with Red-Koji(Monascus purpureus 12002) fermentation. Three different dosages of Red-Koji fermented SR extract(fSR), 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days before LPS(Escherichia coli 0111:B4) treatments, and then 5 hours after LPS treatment(500 ${\mu}g$/head, intra trachea instillation), all rats were sacrificed. Changes in the body weights, lung weights, pulmonary transcapillary albumin transit, arterial gas parameters(pH, $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) protein, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$(IL-$1{\beta}$) contents, total cell numbers, neutrophil and alveolar macrophage ratios, lung malondialdehyde(MDA), myeloperoxidase(MPO), proinflammatory cytokine TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents were observed with histopathology of the lung, changes on luminal surface of alveolus(LSA), thickness of alveolar septum, number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs). As results of LPS-injection, dramatical increases in lung weights, pulmonary transcapillary albumin transit increases in $PaCO_2$, decreases in pH of arterial blood and $PaO_2$, increases of BALF protein, LDH, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents, total cells, neutrophil and alveolar macrophage ratios, lung MDA, MPO, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents increases were detected with decreases in LSA and increases of alveolar septum and PMNs numbers, respectively as compared with intact control. Especially fSR 125 mg/kg showed quite similar favorable effects on the LPS-induced acute lung injuries as compared with 60 mg/kg of ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid and 250 mg/kg of SR. The results suggest that over 125 mg/kg of fSR extracts showed favorable effects on the LPS-induced acute lung injury mediated by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, increases of the pharmacological effects of SR on LPS-induced acute lung injury were observed by Red-Koji fermentation in this study, at least 2-fold higher.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

Objectives : This Study was performed to evaluate the effects of Scutellariae Radix(SR) water-extract on the tissue and neuronal apoptosis of the spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods: SCI was induced by mechanical contusion following laminectomy of 10th thoracic vertebra in Sprague-Dawley rats. SR was orally given once a day for 7 days after SCI. Neuronal apoptosis was examined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTPnick-end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Bax (Bcl-2-asociated X protein), Bcl-2(B-cell blastoma 2), c-Fos(FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene) expressions were examined using immuno-histochemistry. Individual TUNEL and immuno-labeled cells expressing Bax, Bcl-2 and c-Fos were counted on the same level in peri-damaged region and in ventral horn. Results: 1. SR significantly reduced number of TUNEL labeled apoptotic cells induced by the spinal cord contusion injury. 2. SR significantly reduced Bax positive cells expression on the motor neuron in the ventral horn induced by the spinal cord contusion injury. 3. SR strengthened Bcl-2 expression on the motor neuron in the ventral horn induced by the spinal cord contusion injury. 4. SR reduced c-Fos expression on the motor neuron in the ventral horn induced by the spinal cord contusion injury. Conclusions : These results suggest that SR plays an inhibitory role against neuronal apoptosis and has significant effects for locomotor disfunction induced by SCI.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.321-333
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 진피-황금 혼합물 (CS)이 급성 역류성 식도염에 미치는 식도 점막 보호 효과를 평가하기 위하여 CS를 경구투여한 후 수술을 통해 역류성 식도염을 유발하였으며, 실험 종료 후 혈액 채취 및 식도 조직을 적출하였다. 동물에게서 적출한 식도 점막의 손상 정도를 육안으로 확인한 결과 CS투여군에서 식도 점막의 손상이 유의하게 감소하였으며, H&E staining을 통해 관찰한 결과 마찬가지로 CS투여군에서 식도 상피의 탈락 및 염증세포의 침윤이 현저하게 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 혈액을 이용하여 역류성 식도염의 원인으로 유효하다고 알려진 ROS의 수치를 확인한 결과, CS투여군에서 ROS 수치가 유의적으로 감소하였으며, western blotting을 통해 NADPH oxidase인 NOX4, p47^phox, p22^phox의 발현을 확인한 결과, 마찬가지로 CS 투여군에서 유의하게 감소하였고, 특히 CS200투여군에서 Normal군과 비슷한 수치를 나타냈다. 또한, CS투여는 염증성 단백질인 MAPK와 NF-κB 경로를 유의적으로 억제하였을 뿐 아니라 tight junction 단백질인 claudin-1과 claudin-4의 발현을 유의하게 조절한 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 진피-황금 추출물은 산화적 스트레스를 억제함으로써 염증성 단백질의 발현을 조절할 뿐 아니라 tight junction 단백질의 발현을 조절하여 식도 점막을 보호하는 것으로 판단되나 역류성 식도염은 음식물의 섭취와 밀접한 관련이 있는 만큼 추후 동물의 식이 섭취량을 조사하는 등 세부적인 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scutellariae Radix)는 이뇨제, 고지혈증, 항박테리아, 항알레르기, 항염증제 및 항암제와 같은 건강보조식 및 전통 생약으로도 널리 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서 복잡한 S. baicalensis 추출물에서 지표 물질 또는 유효화합물들을 분리하는 것은 신원 확인 및 생리활성 평가를 위한 필수적인 단계다. 8개의 성분들로 구성된 타겟 분획물을 두개의 gradient elution를 사용하여 고성능 액체 크로마토 그래피에서 분석하였다. 중압 액체크로마토그래피 및 개방형칼럼으로 분취를 시뮬레이션함으로 예비실험에서 충분히 분리가 되도록 용리 조건을 결정할 수 있었다. 최적 분취방법으로 확보된 표준유효분획물로부터 8개의 지표성분들이 포함된 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 분획물은 UPLC-QTof-MS 비교 분석으로 MS, UV, HRESIMS 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 스케일 업 실험법은 S. baicalensis 추출물에 성공적으로 적용될 수 있었다.