• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aims at examining the immuno-modulating activity in the fermentative extract of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Scutellariae Radix) on the production of inflammatory mediator in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. Method : Measurements were done for the influences on the cell viability, generation of hydrogen peroxide in cells and nitric oxide (NO) generation using the macrophage of mouse with the specimen SBS as the fermentative extract of Scutellariae Radix (SBS) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae STV89. Result : As a result of carrying out MTT assay to check the cellular toxicity of the fermentative extract of Scutellariae Radix, any excessive toxicity to the macrophage did not occur from treatments by concentration for SBS. SBS increased the generation of hydrogen peroxide in the macrophage. SBS suppressed the NO generated in macrophages and SBS concentration higher than $25{\mu}g/mL$ significantly suppressed the increased NO generated in LPS-stimulated macrophages. SBS concentration higher than $25{\mu}g/mL$ significantly suppressed the generation of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and MCP-1 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Conclusion : Our findings indicate that SBS has an immuno-modulating activity in macrophage activation through suppressing the generation of inflammatory substances, NO, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40 and MCP-1.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.973-976
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of Scutellariae Radix(SR) extract on cytokines in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and handicapped by OVA for 12 weeks. During this experiment, the one group was then treated with SR extract for the later 8 weeks (3 times per week) and analyzed by ELISA. There were significant decreases in IL-4(p<0.05), IL-5(p<0.05), IL-13(p<0.01), histamine(p<0.05) in serum of SR group. IgE also decreased, but was not significant compared with that of control group. The results of this study support a role for SR as an effective treatment for asthma in its experimental success in significantly decreasing inflammation and asthma reactions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 1990

As a part of studies on the quality control of crude drug preparation, So-Shi-Ho-Tang, index components of Scutellariae Radix were identified by TLC and quantified by HPLC. Wogonin and baicalein were identified in ethyl ether fraction on silica gel plate with benzene/ethyl acetate (1 : 1, v/v). The content of baicalin was determined by HPLC on ${\mu}-Bondapak\;C_18$ column with 0.5%-phosphoric acid/acetonitrile (73 : 27, v/v). Its recovery rate in the extract granules, compared to the content in the Scutellariae Radix, was $52.1\;{\pm}\;0.7%$.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.406-407
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• 2010

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.233-243
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• 1994

Precipitation was formed during the preparation of decoction from a mixture of Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma or Phellodendri Cortex according to the prescription of Hwang-ryean-hae-dog-tang. Baicalin and berberine were identified in coprecipitated product and these components were the active ingredients of two herbal medicine. The coprecipitated product was very slightly soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. The stoichiometric ratio of baicalin and berberine was found to be 1:1. The lipid-water partition coefficients of coprecipitated product were increased more than baicalin and berberine in chloroform, but were decreased in other organic solvents. The content of baicalin and berberine in coprecipitated product, determined by HPLC, were 23.08% and 26.75%, but the content of active ingredients in supernatant were 0.66% and 0.26%, respectively. The dissolution profile of baicalin of coprecipitated product was increased more than extract of Scutellariae Radix in artificial gastric juice, but was decreased in artificial intestinal juice. The dissolution rate of berberine of coprecipitated product was lower than extract of Coptidis Rhizoma in artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice commonly.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2010

Inflammatory reaction is characterized by over-production of inflammatory mediators due to an up-regulation of inflammatory pathways, which produce pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), prostaglantin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and nitric oxide (NO) in U937 cells. We investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extracts from Lonicerae Flos and Scutellariae Radix in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated U937 cells. Each extract suppressed the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-$\alpha$, and $PGE_2$) and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS- stimulated U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These suppressive effects were synergistically increased by their combination. Their combination extract also inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$-DNA complex of NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity and translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytosol to nucleus. These results suggest that the combination of water-extractable components of Lonicerae Flos and Scutellariae Radix may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 1998

The O/W and W/O emulsions containing Scutellariae Radix extract(SRE) which is very slightly soluble in oil phases and sparingly soluble in water phases, were prepared by homogenizing water and oil phases with emulsifier. The diameters of emulsion were ranged from 100 to $300\;{\mu}m$. The viscosity of W/O emulsion was higher than that of O/W emulsion. W/O emulsion was more stable than O/W emulsion which was gradually degraded when tested by centrifuge method and temperature tolerance method at $50^{\circ}C$. The antibacterial activity of two emulsions was not significantly different from that of aqueous solution of SRE, and showed similar MIC and bacterial growth inhibition rate.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2011

In this study, quantitative analysis was developed using HPLC/UVD for the quality evaluation of Scutellariae Radix. For quantitative analysis, six major bioactive compounds were assessed. The separation conditions employed for HPLC/UVD were optimized using Phenomenex $C_{18}$ column ($250{\times}4.6$ mm, 5 ${\mu}m$) with a gradient of solvent A (1% acetic acid of $H_2O$) and solvent B (acetonitrile : methanol : acetic acid = 70 : 30 : 1) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 275 nm. These methods were fully validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision and recovery. The HPLC/UVD method was applied successfully to the quantification of six major compounds in the extract of Scutellariae Radix. The results indicate that the established HPLC/UVD method is suitable for the quantitative analysis and quality control of multicomponents in Scutellariae Radix.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 1999

Twenty-four Oriental herbal medicines including Platycodi Radix and Scutellariae Radix, etc., which have been used for the cure of hyperlipidemia, coronary heart, disease were evaluated for the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase inhibition and antioxidant effect on a free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) in vitro, and antihyperlipidemic effect on hyperlipidemic rats induced by Triton WR-1339 in vivo. 80% MeOH extract of eight herbs including Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam, Cinnamomi Ramulus and Crataegi Fructus inhibited the HMG-CoA reductase activities and exhibited a radical-trapping action on a stable free radical, DPPH. On Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats, four herbs including Scutellariae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam and Cinnamomi Ramulus showed respectively the significant suppression of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and LDL-cholesterol levels and serum transaminase(ALT and AST) activities. From these results, it is suggested that each 80% MeOH extract of Scutellariae Radix, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam and Cinnamomi Ramulus have effective antihyperlipidemic action against hyperlipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2011

Previous work demonstrated that an ethanol extract (HS0608) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Curcuma longae radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae radix markedly inhibits $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity. The present study was performed to further verify the neuroprotective effect of HS0608 on oxidative and ischemic cerebral injury using cultured rat cortical neurons and rats. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $100\;{\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) induced neuronal apoptotic death. At $10-100{\mu}g/ml$, HS0608 inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $H_2O_2$ in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. In vivo, HS0608 prevented cerebral ischemic injury induced by 2-h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and 24-h reperfusion. The ischemic infarct and edema were significantly reduced in rats that received HS0608 (200 mg/kg). These results suggest that the anti-oxidative properties of HS0608 may be responsible for its neuroprotective effect against focal cerebral ischemic injury and that HS0608 may have a therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke.