• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2010

This study describes an efficient approach to the development of DNA markers for use in distinguishing the Scrophularia species that have been used as useful medicinal crops. In order to distinguish Scrophularia species, DNA sequences of rpl-5 region in mitochondrial DNA of Scrophularia species were analysed for detecting sequence variations, and the PCR-RFLP method was applied for developing practicable DNA marker patterns. Several DNA variations were detected by the sequence comparison of rpl-5 region among Scrophularia species. Genetic relationship analysis of Scrophularia species was carried out based on these DNA variations. DNA variations of rpl-5 region were revealed that it was significantly efficient in genetic relationship analysis of Scrophularia species. In addition, Scrophularia species tested in this study were completely discriminated by four polymorphic genotypes by PCR-RFLP combined with Tsp509 I (^AATT) restriction enzyme. Our results suggested that DNA sequence variations of rpl-5 region were sufficiently useful for genetic relationship analysis of Scrophularia species. Polymorphic genotypes by PCR-RFLP using the Tsp509 I enzyme will be useful for discrimination of Scrophularia species as a practicable DNA markers.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.164-167
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• 2021

According to Article 9.3 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants(Shenzhen Code), a lectotype may be selected as the nomenclatural type from the original material, if the name was published without a holotype. While reviewing the genus Scrophularia collected in Northeast Asia, we found that two species, S. alata A. Gray and S. kakudensis Franch., were still untypified. S. alata has three specimens considered as syntypes in two herbaria, Harvard University and the Smithsonian Institution. For S. kakudensis, two specimens considered as syntypes at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris were classified as normal specimens, not type specimens. Therefore, two species of Scrophularia L. namely, S. alata A. Gray and S. kakudensis Franch., are lectotypified. The lectotypes are kept in the Harvard University and the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, respectively. Furthermore, some nomenclatural issues related to these names are discussed, and the photographs of the selected lectotypes are provided.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2009

한국산 현삼속(Scrophularia L.) 6종 2변종에 대한 외부 형태와 ITS 염기서열에 의한 분자계통학적 연구를 수행하여 종의 한계와 유연관계를 살펴보았다. 섬현삼(S. takesimensis)은 개현삼(S. grayana)과 유사하나 뚜렷이 구별되는 독립된 한국 특산종임을 지지해주었다. 개현삼은 그동안 한국의 분포에 대한 논쟁이 많았으나 이번 연구를 통해 러시아에서 동해안을 따라 속초까지 남하한다는 사실을 알게 되었다. 몽울토현삼(S. cephalantha), 일월토현삼(S. koraiensis var. velutina), 좀현삼(S. kakudensis var. microphylla)은 ITS 염기서열이 큰개현삼(S. kakudensis)과 거의 같아 형태적 변이가 있지만 큰개현삼에 통합해야함을 지지해 주었다. 토현삼(S. koraiensis)은 분류학적 위치가 불분명했으나 ITS 염기서열 결과 큰개현삼과 뚜렷이 구별되어 별개의 한국 특산종임을 지지해 주었다. 따라서 한국산 현삼속을 5종으로 재정리하였다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2023

The genus Scrophularia L. (Scrophulariaceae) comprises 200-270 species worldwide and is a taxonomically challenging lineage, displaying morphological diversity and hybridization. S. kakudensis is morphologically similar to the closely related taxa S. kakudensis var. microphylla, S. pilosa, and S. cephalantha. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to sequence the chloroplast (cp) genome of S. kakudensis using next-generation sequencing and compare it to those of related taxa. The complete cp genome sequence of Scrophularia kakudensis was found to be 152,355 bp long, consisting of a pair of inverted repeats of 25,485 bp that separate a large single-copy (LSC) of 83,479 bp from small single-copy regions of 17,909 bp. The cp genome contained 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. A phylogenetic analysis based on 78 protein-coding genes from six Scrophularia species showed S. kakudensis and S. cephalantha formed with 100% bootstrap values. We compared the complete cp genomes of S. kakudensis and S. cephalantha and identified seven sequence divergence regions: matK/rps16, rps16/trnQ, trnS/trnG, rpoB/trnC, trnS/trnG, rpl32/trnL, and ndhD/psaC. These regions may be useful for determining the phylogenetic relationships among S. kakudensis-related species.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to prove the hypotensive effect of 70% MeOH extracts from Scrophularia buergeriana (SB) on rat's femoral artery. Methods : We observed hypotensive effect of SB on rat's femoral artery. Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel, S. kakudensis, S. koraiensis and S. ningpoenesis Hemsl. were used by the RFLP method and sequence analysis of ITS regions, in order to compare and discriminate. Results : SB 70% MeOH Ex., Water fraction, 40% MeOH fraction, 100% MeOH fraction didn't show significantly hypotensive effect. 20% fraction of SB 70% MeOH Ex. showed significantly hypotensive effect. The size of ITS region on Scrophularia sp. is 589${\sim}$590bp and amount of G+C is 59.3% to 59.7%, and it showed the similar of ITS parts on Scrophularia sp. Conclusions : We concluded that SB Ex. have hypotensive activity, and it's more efficient when separated. And Scrophularia sp. showed the similar of DNA analysis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2010

Effects of the species Scrophularia takesimensis, S. kakudensis, S. boreali-koreana, and S. buergeriana on rat lens aldose reductase inhibition have been investigated. Among them, the extracts of S. kakudensis and S. boreali-koreana were exhibited good inhibitory potencies compared with those of S. takesimensis and S. buergeriana. The $IC_{50}$ values of the aerial part extracts from S. kakudensis and S. boreali-koreana were demonstrated 0.46 and 0.35 mg/ml, respectively.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of germination temperature, storage container and storage temperature on Scrophularia buergeriana and Scrophularia takesimensis seeds. Methods and Results: Seed lengths of both species were 0.8 mm, while seed width differed, with S. buergeriana measuring 0.5 mm and S. takesimensis measuring 0.4 mm. The seeds of S. buergeriana were packaged in paper containers under room temperature ($15^{\circ}C$), cold temperature ($4^{\circ}C$), and freeze temperature ($-20^{\circ}C$). These seeds exhibited around 80% germination rate at temperatures between $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The germiantion rate of S. takesimensis, on the other hand, differed significantly at different germination temperatures. Seeds of S. takesimensis which were packaged in vinyl and paper containers and stored under room and cold temperatures, exhibited around 80% germination rate at $15^{\circ}C$. However, the germination rate of freeze-stored seeds were decreased to lower than 20% at germination temperatures of $15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ germiantion conditions. The rate of germination showed a low positive to a significantly negativie correlation with the other factor that were determined to evaluate the germination performance. Conclusions: This study elucidates the most suitable germination and storage conditions to increase the germination rate for the two species of Scrophularia buergeriana and Scrophularia takesimensis needs to be stored in paper containers under cold temperature and requires a temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ for germination. On the other hand, S. takesimensis in vinyl containers need to be stored at room temperature and those in paper containers at cold temperature, and a temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ is required for germination.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2019

2018년 6월, 전남 장흥군 약초재배사에 재배중인 부처손(Selaginella tamariscina), 산비장이(Serratula coronata ssp. insularis), 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis), 현삼(Scrophularia buergeriana) 등 4종의 약용식물로부터 병 감염 증후가 보이는 잎을 채집하였다. 채집된 잎으로부터 국내 미기록 진균 4종(Paraboeremia selaginellae, Colletotrichum camelliae, Alternaria eichhorniae, Phomopsis capsica)을 분리 동정하여 이들의 형태학적인 특성과 분자생물학적 특성을 기술하였다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.182-193
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• 2011

As a part of the on-going effort to conserve endangered Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai in Korea, its genetic structure and diversity from 3 population, consisted of 14 subpopulations in Ulleung Island were analyzed using RAPD band patterns. Out of 60 primers tested, 33 generated amplified bands with its genome, including 149 polymorphic and 67 monomorphic bands. The highest number (146) was found in northern population, especially, 64 in HY subpopulation; the smallest (40) in eastern population. An examination of its genetic structure with AMOVA revealed that about 60% of all variations could be assigned to among subpopulations within populations. Population differentiation among populations and subpopulations is seriously going now because of habitat fragmentation due to human activities, such as road and small port construction. Although the habitats of S. takesimensis in Ulleung Island, Korea are disappeared at an alarming rate, significant levels of genetic variation still exist at species level, and population level, especially northern population. Therefore, three conservation strategies should be needed urgently; 1) preservation of populations as it stands, 2) establishment of recovery plan to connect population and subpopulations genetically, and 3) long-term monitoring.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.271-283
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• 2013

식별형질이 적거나 명확하지 않아서 동정하는데 어려움이 있었던 한국산 현삼속 식물의 형태학적 형질을 재검토 하였다. 이에 근거하여 각 분류군의 변이의 한계와 식별형질을 파악하였다. 생육지, 뿌리의 형태, 엽질, 줄기와 잎에 분포하는 선모의 유무, 개화기, 꽃받침의 형태, 화관의 색, 화관 하부열편의 길이, 화반의 유무 등은 열을 구분하는 형질로 매우 유용하였다. 이번 연구에서 1) 개현삼열에 속한 개현삼과 섬현삼은 줄기 능각의 길이, 엽병의 너비, 화관 측열편과 상부열편의 중첩 정도, 화관 상부열편의 함입 정도 등에 의해 명확히 구분할 수 있었다. 큰개현삼열에 속한 2) 현삼은 수상형의 화서 형태, 길이가 매우 짧은 화경과 소화경, 연녹색의 화관 등이 중요한 식별형질로 확인되었고, 3) 토현삼은 피침형의 엽신과 꽃받침, 엽액형의 화서 형태 등이 좋은 식별형질이었다. 4) 좀현삼은 매우 작은 잎의 길이와 너비에 의해 큰개현삼과 구분되었으며, 5) 몽울토현삼은 줄기에 3~6개의 마디를 가지고, 엽신의 형태는 광난형~아원형이며, 매우 이른 개화기를 가지고, 화서는 정단에만 짧게 발달하는 특징 등을 가짐으로써 근연분류군과 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 한국산 현삼속을 2열 6종 1변종, 총 7분류군으로 정리하였고, 이들에 대한 검색표를 제시하였다.