• Educational Technology International
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.145-173
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop collaboration scripts as an instructional means to facilitate argumentation in computer-supported collaborative learning, and to analyze their effects. To develop collaboration scripts for argumentation, researchers used activity theory as a conceptual framework and refined the design principles by design-based research. Using LAMS, collaboration scripts for argumentation were developed based on the ArgueGraph. To examine their effects, 72 participants were divided into two groups by internal scripts and randomly allocated to one of three external scripts. Applying mixed methods, researchers analyzed argumentation competence related to the cognitive aspect, examined self-efficacy related to the motivational aspect, and identified the factors influencing collaborative learning processes and outcomes. Researchers found that the internal script is a critical factor to determine the dimensions, degrees, and duration of improvement in argumentation competence. That is, learners with higher internal scripts improved highly in the quality of single arguments, while learners with lower internal scripts improved continuously in the quality of argumentation sequences. The effects of the external scripts varied with the internal script levels and supporting periods. Besides, collaboration scripts for argumentation had positive effects on learners' self-efficacy, and learners with higher internal scripts had better self-efficacy. The factors influencing collaborative learning processes and outcomes showed different results depending on the learning context. Therefore, when scripting learner's interaction in CSCL, researchers should design the scripts adaptable to a natural context of activities.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.455-476
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• 2006

아바타 스크립트 언어는 사이버 공간에서 아바타의 동작을 제어하기 위해서 사용되는 명령어들로 이루어져있다. 사용자가 아바타 동작 스크립트 언어를 쉽게 작성하기 위해서는 스크립트 언어의 행위표현이 복잡한 하위수준 동작 표현 요소로부터 최대한 추상화되어야 한다. 또한 작성된 시나리오 스크립트 가 다양한 구현환경에 적용 될 수 있는 표준적인 구조를 가지고 있어야 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 작업수준 행위, 상위수준 동작 및 기본 동작 스크립트 언어로 구성된 계층적 아바타 행위 표현 언어를 정의하였다. 각 계층의 언어는 사용자의 스크립트 작성을 위한 행위 요소와 아바타 동작 시퀀스 및 구현 환경의 기하 정보를 분리하여 표현한다. 제안 언어를 통하여 사용자는 추상화된 스크립트 작성이 가능하며 작성된 스크립트는 번역 과정을 거쳐 다양한 구현 환경에 적용이 가능하다 구현 결과에서는 제안 기법을 적용한 시스템을 구축하여 사이버 교육 도메인 환경에서 아바타 스크립트 시나리오의 작성 과정 및 스크립트가 다양한 응용 프로그램에 유연하게 적용되는 것을 보여준다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.191-214
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• 2011

Today the company's brand sites are in tendency locating as a handy method to administrate company vision, value and image. So this study tried to examine the aspects of storytelling around Amore Pacific's brand site. To secure the discussion's centrality and concreteness, two issues are considered to be aimed in methodology. First, the menus of relevant site were examined to see if they are securing minimal narrative. This was an attempt to discuss the minimum narrativity that target text is supposed to possess, to objectify little more the term 'storytelling.' After considering the menus of relevant site through narratological ideas of Gerald Prince, the menus that satisfy the level of minimum narrative were hardly seen. Even 'OUR STORY', showing the intention of unraveling the vision and values within the company brand by stories, is not seemed to be reaching universal, objective storytelling. Second, pragmatic, reception theory were applied as another standard to judge storytelling possibilities of Amore Pacific's brand site. Roger C. Schank's script theory, being considered in the field of cognitive linguistics and cognitive psychology, became a handy tool for examining the interactions and its meaning between brand sites and its visitors. As a result, the relevant site could be seen as attempting storytelling following time sequence, through narrator kindly explaining 'visual image-event.' And it was conjecturable that, because of such function of narrator, visitors finishes storytelling in a personal shape by operating internal story based script. This study examined the level and methods of storytelling limited in online environment called as company brand site. But more studies are needed to be in progress, such as about the ways for company websites or brand sites to have an effective, continuous influence on potential consumers, narrator set-up ways suitable for character of subordinate menus, organizations of minimum narrative and so on.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.493-503
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• 2022

청대의 예서는 중국서예의 역사에 혁신을 불러왔다. 서예에 있어 중요한 금석학과 고증학이 청시대에 들어와 발전하였고, 그리하여 예서에 적지 않은 영향을 미쳤다. 청시대예 들어와 적지 않은 서예가들이 출현하였고, 특히 금농(金農:1687-1763)과 이병수(伊秉綬:1754-1815)은 중국의 서예의 역사에 있어 예서체가 자리 잡는데 핵심적인 역학을 한 서예가들이다. 금농과 이병수에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있지만, 이 논문에서는 두 예서체의 대가들이 남긴 그들의 작품을 비교분석하여 예서의 미적 가능성을 현재적인 관점에서 고찰하고, 나아가서는 서예가로서 금농과 이병수의 예서작품을 비교분석하여 예서의 미적 차이점을 구체화 한다. 나아가서 두 서예가의 예서가 한대(한자)의 예서를 전승함에도 불구하고 청시대의 예서사에 자리매김한 원인이 탐구되어야 한다. 따라서 한시대의 예서와 금농과 이병수의 예서체 그리고 서예의 사상과 그들의 서예작품은 예서를 비교 및 연구한다. 청시대의 서예가인 금능과 이병수 작품에 대한 비교분석은 예서의 역사적 그리고 미학적 판단에 중요한 화두를 제공한다. 이는 후세의 서예가들에게 예서체를 배울 수 있는 길을 마련했을 뿐만 아니라. 서예의 역사적 그리고 미학적 가치를 연구하는데 단초를 제공하기 때문이다.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2012

In this paper we discussed a new methodology for Urdu Character Recognition system using Dempster-Shafer theory which can powerfully estimate the similarity ratings between a recognized character and sampling characters in the character database. Recognition of character is done by five probability calculation methods such as (similarity, hamming, linear correlation, cross-correlation, nearest neighbor) with Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. The main objective of this paper is to Recognition of Urdu letters and numerals through five similarity and dissimilarity algorithms to find the similarity between the given image and the standard template in the character recognition system. In this paper we develop a method to combine the results of the different distance measurement methods using the Dempster-Shafer theory. This idea enables us to obtain a single precision result. It was observed that the combination of these results ultimately enhanced the success rate.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.37.1-37.3
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• 2018

Gene-gene interaction is a key factor for explaining missing heritability. Many methods have been proposed to identify gene-gene interactions. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) is a well-known method for the detection of gene-gene interactions by reduction from genotypes of single-nucleotide polymorphism combinations to a binary variable with a value of high risk or low risk. This method has been widely expanded to own a specific objective. Among those expansions, fuzzy-MDR uses the fuzzy set theory for the membership of high risk or low risk and increases the detection rates of gene-gene interactions. Fuzzy-MDR is expanded by a maximum likelihood estimator as a new membership function in empirical fuzzy MDR (EFMDR). However, EFMDR is relatively slow, because it is implemented by R script language. Therefore, in this study, we implemented EFMDR using RCPP ($c^{{+}{+}}$ package) for faster executions. Our implementation for faster EFMDR, called EMMDR-Fast, is about 800 times faster than EFMDR written by R script only.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2020

오늘날 세계 시네마 애니메이션의 주류는 미국 디즈니, 드림웍스, 20세기 폭스 같은 영화사들이 출품한 애니메이션 영화이다. 이 애니메이션 영화들은 할리우드 블록버스터 제작의 영향을 받아, 높은 원가, 대작으로 전세계 관객들에게 현란하고 화려한 시청각의 향연을 선사했다. 1994년 설립된 드림웍스 애니메이션은 10여년 만에 유명해졌다. 선후로 전 세계에 널리 알려진 많은 애니메이션 가작을 출품하였다. 그러나 드림웍스의 성취는 외부 환경 요인을 제외하면 자신의 애니메이션 시나리오가 과인한 데서 비롯된다. 강력한 시나리오 스토리지는 애니메이션 영화의 논리적이고 매력적인 측면을 보장합니다. 본 문에서는 <쿵푸팬더> 시리즈, <슈렉> 시리즈, <이집트 왕자>, <크루즈 패밀리>, <치킨 런>, <메가마인드> 그리고 드림웍스가 제작한 다른 대표 영화들을 주요 분석 대상으로 하여, 그것의 극본 창작 스타일은 다음 네 가지 측면의 예술적 특징을 가지고 있음을 검토하였다. 극본은 과장이 심하고, 제재가 풍부하며, 정합성이 뛰어나며, 극본 창작은 상상력이 뛰어나 시각적 아름다움을 충분히 표현할 수 있다. 스토리 구조는 잘 조절되어 있고, 공간은 현실에서 나오지만 상상력으로 가득 차 있다. 캐릭터는 개성이 뚜렷하고 대화는 온건하지만 강압적이다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.147-166
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was conducted to formative processes and to interpret premarital adult's sexuality meaning. The interviews have been executed based upon ethnography approach and method of interview in depth within the framework of the Weis's sexual script theory (1998) and parent-children relation. The interview in depth has been conducted with unmarried 7 males and 8 females inclusive of college students, total 15 persons who were born 1974-1980 and living in Seoul and nearby suburban areas. A period of interviews were carried out from September until December 2003. Each interview was executed for 2 to 4 hours apiece, and each person had 2 to 4 interviews during the period. The result of analysis of the sexuality scripts theory from three different views indicates that the female informants appeared to rationalize the fact that traditional concept of the chastity as defined by the socio-cultural level has been changed. It also indicated that there were very few sex educations in the society at large except for the public medias including the Internet. The interrelation level indicates that positive interaction with the opposite sex has affected them in the course of their building up desirable personal relationship in the society and uplifting their sense of self-esteem. The internal level of sexuality, it is much dependent on the extent of individual inner recognition of sexuality. The parent-children relation view of sexuality, the most influential factor for their communication on sexuality lies in the extent of their realization on how positively their parents recognize their children.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2008

Gwae(卦氣) theory was one of the main theoretical foundation of yiology in the Han(漢)-dynasty. It was based on the concept that the trigram or hexagram of the book of change corresponds to the seasonal point such as 24 solar terms in one year, so there was so much influence from astronomy and divination system of that time in the development of theoretical principle of Gwae(卦氣) theory. Since Han(漢) Dynasty, the theoretical method such as Gwae(卦氣) theory that correlates the astronomy and divination system with the book of change, had become one of the main academic thoughts throughout the entire history in China, and it was also like that in medicine. Nevertheless there still exists the skeptical sights that Gwae(卦氣) theory was not a part of orthodox yiology, that had been developed by Confucian scholar and had also been recognized as the right path to the study of the book of change. Nowadays because of the new opportunity such as the excavation of the ancient silk script, this kind of controversy has moved on its another step. With regard to this problem, this article will treat the current thoughts about the Gwae(卦氣) theory and think about the substantial basis of each point of view.

• 한국디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디자인학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.42-43
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• 2004