• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 1995

A screening method has been developed for detecting sulfamethazine(SMZ) contamination of meat or feeds by using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled protein A (Prot AHRP)and an indirect competitve enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The assay is based on competitve binding of guinea pig anti-SMZ with SMZ in smaple and SMZ-gelatin conjugate(SMZ.GEL). Percent binding (B.Bo$\times$100) was calculated from the absorbance in the absence (B0) and presence (B) of SMZ. By the sandard curve prepared by plotting log(SMZ) vs percent binding of each known reference solution, the detection limit was 1.0ppb or less. Cross reacton with sulfadimethoxine, sulfaguaniding, sulfamerazine, sulfamthoxpyridazine, sulfanilamide, sulfisomidine and sufisoxazole were not observed. But sulfamerazine crossreacted in the test. The EC-50 value (concentration causing 50% inhibition of color development compared with blank) of sulfamerazine was 2.0 ppm. Further quality control will make the ELISA system ideal for the detection of SMZ in meat or feeds.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.169-182
• /
• 2007

Receive operating characteristic (ROC) approach can be employed to rank candidate genes from a microarray experiment, in particular, for the biomarker development with the purpose of population screening of a cancer. In the cancer microarray experiment based on n patients the researcher often wants to compare the tumor tissue with the normal tissue within the same individual using a common reference RNA. Ideally, this experiment produces n pairs of microarray data. However, it is often the case that there are missing values either in the normal or tumor tissue data. Practically, we have $n_1$ pairs of complete observations, $n_2$ "normal only" and $n_3$ "tumor only" data for the microarray. We refer to this data set as a mixed data set. We develop a ROC approach on the mixed data set to rank candidate genes for the biomarker development for the colorectal cancer screening. It turns out that the correlation between two ranks in terms of ROC and t statistics based on the top 50 genes of ROC rank is less than 0.6. This result indicates that employing a right approach of ranking candidate genes for the biomarker development is important for the allocation of resources.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.61 no.1
• /
• pp.6-11
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) is considered an alternative screening method for obesity. The aims of this investigation were to examine the ability of MUAC to correctly identify children with elevated body mass index (BMI) and to determine the best MUAC cutoff point for identification of children with high BMI. Methods: Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and MUAC) from a cross-sectional sample of 7,921 Pakistani children aged 5-14 years were analyzed. Pearson correlation coefficients between MUAC and other anthropometric measurements were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal MUAC cutoff point for identifying children with high BMI. Results: Among 7,921 children, the mean (${\pm}$standard deviation) age, BMI, and MUAC were 10.00 (${\pm}2.86years$), 16.16 (${\pm}2.66kg/m^2$), and 17.73 (${\pm}2.59cm$), respectively. The MUAC had a strong positive correlation with BMI. The optimal MUAC cutoff points indicating elevated BMI in boys ranged from 16.76 to 22.73, while the corresponding values in girls ranged from 16.38 to 20.57. Conclusion: MUAC may be used as a simple indicator of overweight/obesity in children, with reasonable accuracy in clinical settings.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.656-663
• /
• 2001

The quality of an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation (IVIG) is reflected by the degree of nonspecific activation of complements, the so-called anticomplementary activity (ACA). ACA of aggregates in IVIG was investigated using method by the European Pharmacopoeia and Clq-coated microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both the EP method and the ELISA method showed a dose response curve with the amount of complements bound increasing with the percentage content of aggregates in immunoglobulin standard. The correlation between the two tests was good (r=0.96, r=0.99). However, the correlation was not found when the ACA (EP method) of IVIG product was compared with its aggregate percentage. These results emphasize that the method of aggregate formation affects ACA and that estimation of the percentage distribution of aggregates by HPLC may not reflect ACA. In analysing WIG product for Clq binding activity test with the ELISA, the result by using Protein A-HRP correlated with aggregate percentage (r=0.84). But the correlation decreased (r=0.48) when the result used Protein A-AP(having poorer sensitivity than HRP) was compared with aggregate percentage. As a result, some variation between the two methods, due to differences in assay principles, is to be expected. However, ELISA technique has the advantage in that it is easier to perform, more precise and less subject to reagent variability, and is the more suitable screening method than HPLC analysis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.168-175
• /
• 2024

Purpose: The presence of alcoholic stool in biliary atresia (BA) patients is the basis of a stool color card (SCC), a screening tool that has led to more patients receiving Kasai portoenterostomy earlier. This study aimed to evaluate the color image processing of stool images captured using smartphones. We propose that measuring digital color parameters is a more objective method for identifying BA stools and may improve the sensitivity of BA screening. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in five hospitals in Thailand between October 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Stools from infants presenting with jaundice, acholic stool, or dark-colored urine were photographed. Digital image color analysis was performed, and software was developed based on the color on the original SCC. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting BA stools were compared between the SCC and the software. Results: Of 33 infants eligible for data collection, 19 were diagnosed with BA. Saturation and blue were two potential digital color parameters used to differentiate BA stools. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimum cutoff point of both values, and when saturation ≤56 or blue ≥61 was set as a threshold for detecting BA stool, high accuracy was achieved at 81.8% and 78.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Digital image processing is a promising technology. With appropriate cutoff values of saturation in hue, saturation, value and blue in red, green, blue color models, BA stools can be identified, and equivocal-colored stools of non-BA patients can be differentiated with acceptable accuracy in infants presenting with jaundice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.193-200
• /
• 2019

Ceramide metabolism is known to be an essential etiology for various diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and Gaucher disease. Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) is a key enzyme for the synthesis of glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is a main ceramide metabolism pathway in mammalian cells. In this article, we developed a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to determine GCS activity using synthetic non-natural sphingolipid C8-ceramide as a substrate. The reaction products, C8-GlcCer for GCS, could be separated on a C18 column by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantification was conducted using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to monitor the precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z $588.6{\rightarrow}264.4$ for C8-GlcCer at positive ionization mode. The calibration curve was established over the range of 0.625-160 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient was larger than 0.999. This method was successfully applied to detect GCS in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2 cells) and mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We also evaluated the inhibition degree of a known GCS inhibitor 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) on GCS enzymatic activity and proved that this method could be successfully applied to GCS inhibitor screening of preventive and therapeutic drugs for ceramide metabolism diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and Gaucher disease.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2006.07a
• /
• pp.521-522
• /
• 2006

This paper calculates co-generation generating capacity for the electric supply and demand. CHP is applied to SCM(Screening Curve Method) to calculate CHP generating capacity On the other hand, small co-generation is applied to potential area conversing small co-generation generating capacity considering economic analysis and useful life. these methods executed project scheduled to construction plan. Accordingly, EES(Expected Energy Served), Fuel type consumption and CO2 effects is analyzed by Booth-Baleriaux and data

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.53 no.11
• /
• pp.114-122
• /
• 2016

EIS (Electro interstitial scan) is a non-invasive and simple method to find the physio-pathological information inferred by electric current response with respect to low direct current applied between remote sites of the body. Although a few EIS-based devices for diagnosing diabetes were commercialized, they were not successful in offering clinical validity nor in confirming diagnostic principle. In this study, we measured the voltage responses of diabetic patients and normal subjects with a commercialized EIS device to test the usefulness of EIS in screening diabetes. For this purpose, voltage was measured between pairs of electrodes contacted at both palm, both soles of the feet and left and right forehead above both eyes. After feature extraction of voltage signals, the AUC (area under the curve) between the two groups was calculated and we found that seven variables were appropriately shown above 60% of accuracy. In addition, we applied the k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) method and found that the accuracy of classification between the two groups reached the accuracy of 76.2%. This result implies that the voltage response analysis based on EIS has potential as a diabetics screening method.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.167-171
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to determine the usefulness of serum pepsinogen (PG) levels as a screening method for gastric cancer, and to assess the relationships between serum PG and clinicopathologic factors of gastric adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: Serum PG concentrations were measured in 94 subjects who were classified into (a) a control group (50 subjects) without abnormal endoscopic finding on a health checkup, or (b) a gastric cancer group (44 subjects) who had surgery at Daegu Catholic University Hospital between Nov. 2008 and May 2009. Receiver operator characteristic curves were utilized to select the most suitable test. Using different cutoff points, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. We compared preoperative serum PG levels with several clinicopathologic findings for patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Results: The Serum PG I：II ratio was the most useful as a screening test. The sensitivity and specificity of PG screening for gastric cancer were, respectively, 81.8% and 82%. The cut off point correlated with the type of intestinal cancer (Lauren classification; P=0.003), tumor stage (P=0.001), and gastric adenocarcinoma with peritumoral chronic atrophic gastritis (P=0.036). Conclusion: Serum PG levels were found to be a potentially useful screening test and to correlate with clinicopathologic factors in gastric cancer patients. But, in order to use serum PG found in a health checkup for gastric cancer as a clinical application a large scale study is recommended.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.17
• /
• pp.7085-7090
• /
• 2014

Objective: To make the clinical evaluation of a solid-state human papillomavirus (HPV) sampling medium in combination with an economical HPV testing method ($careHPV^{TM}$) for cervical cancer screening. Methods: 396 women aged 25-65 years were enrolled for cervical cancer screening, and four samples were collected. Two samples were collected by woman themselves, among which one was stored in DCM preservative solution (called "liquid sample") and the other was applied on the Whatman Indicating FTA $Elute^{(R)}$ card (FTA card). Another two samples were collected by physician and stored in DCM preservative solution and FTA card, respectively. All the samples were detected by $careHPV^{TM}$ test. All the women were administered a colposcopy examination, and biopsies were taken for pathological confirmation if necessary. Results: FTA card demonstrated a comparable sensitivity of detecting high grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) with the liquid sample carrier for self and physician-sampling, but showed a higher specificity than that of liquid sample carrier for self-sampling (FTA vs Liquid: 79.0% vs 71.6%, p=0.02). Generally, the FTA card had a comparable accuracy with that of Liquid-based medium by different sampling operators, with an area under the curve of 0.807 for physician &FTA, 0.781 for physician &Liquid, 0.728 for self & FTA, and 0.733 for self &Liquid (p>0.05). Conclusions: FTA card is a promising sample carrier for cervical cancer screening. With appropriate education programmes and further optimization of the experimental workflow, FTA card based self-collection in combination with centralized $careHPV^{TM}$ testing can help expand the coverage of cervical cancer screening in low-resource areas.