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Depression during Pregnancy and the Postpartum (임신 및 산후 우울증)

  • Kim, Youl-Ri
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.22-28
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    • 2007
  • The pregnancy and postpartum period appear to be a time of heightened vulnerability for the development of major depression in some women. Postpartum depression affects 10% of women within a few weeks immediately postpartum. Postpartum depression is associated with disturbances in the mother-infant relationship, which in turn have an adverse impact on the course of child cognitive and emotional development. Depression during pregnancy is also common, although it has been relatively neglected. Psychopathological symptoms during pregnancy have physiological consequences for the fetus. Understanding the aetiology of perinatal depression requires integrating of multiple psychosocial and biological risk factors. The treatment of depressed pregnant women requires skilled decision making by psychiatrists. Risk-benefit analysis is appropriate method for intervention fur depression in pregnancy. Effective treatments for depression in pregnancy include psychotherapy, antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive therapy. In treatment of postpartum depression, the biological, psychological, and social interventions are included. Prescribing antidepressants(such as fluoxetine), estrogen in severe and chronic cases, and counselling can be effective for improving maternal mood and aspects of infant outcome. Ongoing research is directed to further elucidating neurohormonal and psychosocial contributions to depression during pregnancy or postpartum. Screening for risk factors and symptoms for depression need to be incorporated into antenatal and pediatric clinics.

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Decomposition Characteristics of DDVP , Malathion and Diazinon Emusifiable Concentrates (DDVP, Malathion 및 Diazinon유제의 경시변화 특성)

  • Yu, Ju-Hyun;Park, Chang-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.146-154
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    • 1992
  • DDVP, malathion and diazinon ECs which differ in chemical compositions and moisture contents were formulated with nine emulsifiers, three solvents(xylene, cyclohexanone and DMF) and epichlorohydrin. For the studies of decomposition characteristics, these technicals and ECs were subjected to the test under elevated temperature at 54C for 15 days and 38C for 90 days respectively. DDVP technical was rapidly decomposed in early stage of thermoaccelerated test at 54C, but the decomposition rate slowed down with time. As for malathion and diazinon technicals, the longer they were incubated, the more decomposed. The decomposed AI in ECs increased with solvent polarity. The increment of moisture content in ECs accelerated the decomposition of AI, and that was remarkable especially in diazinon ECs. Addition of emulsifiers increased the moisture content to be accelerated the decomposition of AI, but the decomposition of AI was more affected by the kind of emulsifier than by the moisture content of emulsifier, Stabilizing effect by epichlorohydrin was distingished in malathion and diazinon ECs, but there was no effect in other solvent-based formulation except xylene.

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Effects of Organotin Compounds on Follicular Steroidogenesis in Frogs

  • Kwon, Hyuk-Bang;Kim, Seung-Chang;Kim, An-Na;Lee, Sung-Ho;Ahn, Ryun-Sup
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.163-172
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    • 2009
  • Some organotin compounds such as butyltins and phenyltins are known to induce impo-sex in various marine animals and are considered to be endocrine disruptors. In this study, the effect of organotins on follicular steroidogenesis in amphibians was examined using ovarian follicles of Rana dybowskii and Rana catesbeiana. Isolated follicles were cultured for 6 or 18 h in the presence and absence of frog pituitary homogenate (FPH) or various steroid precursors, and the levels of product steroids in the culture media oassay. Among the butyltin compounds, tributyltin (TBT) strongly and dose-dependently inhibited the FPH-induced synthesis of pregnenolone (P5) and progesterone (P4) by the follicles. TBT also strongly suppressed the conversion of cholesterol to P5 and partially suppressed the conversion of P5 to P4. A high concentration of dibutyltin (DBT) also inhibited steroidogenesis by the follicles while monobutyltin and tetrabutyltin had negligible effects. The toxic effect of TBT or DBT was irreversible and a short time of exposure (30 min) was enough to suppress steroidogenesis. All the phenyltin compounds significantly inhibited FPH-induced P5 synthesis by the follicles. The effective dose of 50% inhibition by diphenyltin was 0.04μM and those of monophenyltin and triphenyltin were 0.24μM and 0.3μM, respectively. However, none of the phenyltin compounds significantly suppressed the conversion of P4 to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) (by 17α-hydroxylase), 17α-OHP to androstenedione (AD) (by C1720 lyase), or AD to testosterone by the follicles. Taken together, the data show that among the steroidogenic enzymes, P450scc in the follicles is the most sensitive to organotin compounds and that an amphibian follicle culture system can be a useful screening model for endocrine disruptors.

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Examination of Antimicrobial Activity by Phaeobacter inhibens KJ-2 Isolated from a Marine Organism (해양 생물에서 분리된 Phaeobacter inhibens KJ-2의 항균 활성)

  • Kim, Yun-Beom;Kim, Dong-Hwi;Heo, Moon-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.27 no.10
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    • pp.1161-1167
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    • 2017
  • In order to find a new antimicrobial bacterium, we performed screening for antimicrobial activity of bacteria isolated from the eggs of a sea hare. The newly identified strain was designated as Phaeobacter inhibens KJ-2, based on the biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. A colony of P. inhibens KJ-2 showed a circular and ruler-like smooth form at the edge, and a brown color. However, when maintained with a longer incubation time, its coloring was transformed into dark brown. From the result of SEM, P. inhibens KJ-2 is a bacillus which has a length of 0.81.0μm and a width of 0.40.6μm. The optimal growth and antimicrobial activity were observed by shaking the culture for 24 hr at 20C, which showed potent activity against pathogenic bacteria including Vibrio logei, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio salmonicida. The antimicrobial activity was proportional to the amount of produced acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). Therefore, we suggest that production of antimicrobial materials from P. inhibens KJ-2 is regulated by Quorum sensing (QS).

Interferon-γ Release Assay among Tuberculin Skin Test Positive Students in Korean High Schools

  • Park, Young-Kil;Lee, Seung-Heon;Kim, Su-Young;Ryoo, Sung-Weon;Kim, Chang-Ki;Kim, Hee-Jin;Cho, Eun-Hee;Yoo, Byung-Hee;Lee, Jong-Koo;Ko, Won-Jung
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.68 no.6
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    • pp.328-333
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    • 2010
  • Background: There are several active tuberculosis (TB) cases in Korean high schools each school year. The risk of transmission in schools is extremely high due to the considerable time spent in closed classrooms. We evaluated the control of latent tuberculosis infection in Korean high schools. Methods: When a student was identified with active TB, tuberculin skin testing was performed on their classmates and on students in their same school grade. When a student had a positive tuberculin skin tests (TST), they underwent follow-up testing with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT). The manufacturer recommended a cut-off of 0.35 IU/mL to determine QFT positivity was applied. Results: A total of 131 pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients were included based on the criteria for screening TB contacts in the National Tuberculosis Control Program. Seventy-five (57.2%) students tested smear positive. TST were performed on 7,109 students who were classmates of, or in the same grade as, a TB patient. Of the contacts, 1,231 students (17.3%) were TST positive and they were screened with QFT. Six hundred-sixty-six (55.0%) of the tested students returned a positive QFT result and the rate of positivity was significantly associated with the increasing size of TST indurations (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The use of QFT resulted in approximately 45% of TST positive students not being given chemoprophylaxis.

Procalcitonin in 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pneumonia: Role in Differentiating from Bacterial Pneumonia (2009 H1N1 인플루엔자 폐렴에서 Procalcitonin의 유용성: 세균성 폐렴과의 감별 역할)

  • Ahn, Shin;Kim, Won-Young;Yoon, Ji-Young;Sohn, Chang-Hwan;Seo, Dong-Woo;Kim, Sung-Han;Hong, Sang-Bum;Lim, Chae-Man;Koh, Youn-Suck;Kim, Won
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.68 no.4
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    • pp.205-211
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    • 2010
  • Background: Procalcitonin is a well known marker in infection that plays a role in distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections in screening. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of procalcitonin in differentiating between 2009 H1N1 influenza pneumonia and community acquired pneumonia of bacterial origin, or mixed bacterial origin and 2009 H1N1 influenza infection. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed over the 6-month winter period during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Ninety-six patient-subjects were enrolled, all of whom had been diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia in emergency department during the study period. On admission, laboratory studies were performed, which included 2009 H1N1 influenza real-time polymerase chain reaction of nasal secretions and procalcitonin on serum; the laboratory values were compared between the study groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed on the resulting data. Results: Compared to those with bacterial or mixed infections (n=62) and bacterial pneumonia with confirmed organisms (n=30), patients with 2009 H1N1 pneumonia (n=34) were significantly more likely to have low procalcitonin levels (p=0.008, 0.001). Using cutoff of value >0.3 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of procalcitonin for detection of patients with confirmed bacterial pneumonia were 76.2% and 60.6%, respectively. A significant difference in procalcitonin was found between 2009 H1N1 pneumonia and pneumonia caused by mixed influenza viral and bacterial infections (0.15 [0.05~0.84] vs. 10.3 [0.05~22.87] ng/mL, p=0.045). Conclusion: Serum procalcitonin measurement may assist in the discrimination between pneumonia of bacterial and of 2009 H1N1 influenza origin. High values of procalcitonin suggest that bacterial infection or mixed infection of bacteria and 2009 H1N1 influenza is more likely.

Review of Soil Vulnerability Assessment Tools in Korea and other developed countries (국내외 토양 취약성 평가 연구 동향)

  • Ki, Seo Jin;Kim, Kyoung-Ho;Lee, Hyeon Gyu;Shin, Kyung Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.39 no.12
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    • pp.741-749
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    • 2017
  • This study aims to provide the technical considerations and implications for the development of soil vulnerability assesment tool based on the review of existing tools and case studies applied both domestically and internationally. For this study, we specifically investigated the basic theories and major features implemented in the screening models abroad. In contrast, one case study of prioritizing the vulnerable districts was presented to identify the research trends in Korea. Our literature review suggested that the characteristic of target areas and contaminants needed to be properly incorporated into soil vulnerability assessment because the current tools in Korea neglected these properties which prevented this tool from being used as a correct measure of soil management and prevention. We also reached the conclusion that in terms of technical aspect, the soil vulnerability assessment tool should be developed based on the physical theory and environmental data that were varied over space and time so that the end-users were able to readily and effectively screen soil vulnerability over large areas. In parallel with technical improvement, great effort needed to be devoted to develop an integrated environmental information system that increased the availability of data and shared various types of environmental data through enhanced multi-agency collaboration.

Recent Changes in Sex Ratio at Birth and Simulations on Sex-Selective Reproductive Behavior: With a Special Focus on Youngnam Region (출생성비의 최근 변화와 시뮬레이션을 통한 성선별 출산행위의 추정: 영남 지역을 중심으로)

  • Kim, Doo-Sub
    • Korea journal of population studies
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.159-178
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    • 2011
  • Korea has been widely recognized as the most successful country for reversal of the rise in sex ratio at birth (from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s) in a short period of time. However, unusually high sex ratios at birth are still observed in most regions as parity increases. Given that imbalanced sex ratios at high birth orders are mostly due to son-selective abortion, it still remains questionable whether son-selective reproductive behavior has vanished in Korea. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the pattern of changing trends and socioeconomic differentials in sex ratio at birth. Micro-data from birth registration for 2009 are utilized. Attention is focused on analyzing sex ratios at birth in Youngnam region according to age of mother, parity, educational attainment of parents, and occupation of parents. A series of simulations are also conducted in this paper to show how prenatal sex screening and son-selective abortion have affected the level of sex ratio at birth for years 1994, 2005 and 2009.

The Effect of Physical Environments in the Comprehensive Health Examination Center on Medical Service Value, Satisfaction and Switching Barrier (종합검진센터의 물리적 환경이 의료서비스가치와 만족도, 전환장벽에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, YongTae;Chae, BongSik;Hwang, BokJu
    • Journal of Service Research and Studies
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.63-80
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    • 2019
  • This study presents strategic implications for enhancing the competitiveness of the comprehensive health examination center through the study of its impact on the switching barrier with medical service value and medical service satisfaction as parameters. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a total of 324 questionnaires were analyzed for customers who received health examinations at the general examination center. Covariance structure analysis was performed to test hypotheses and causal relationships. The results showed that the physical environment had a significant effect on the medical service value and medical service satisfaction. The value of medical service also had a significant effect on medical service satisfaction. The value of medical service was found to affect the transition barrier, but the satisfaction of medical service did not affect the transition barrier. The implications of this study are that physical environment has a significant effect on medical service value and medical service satisfaction. Therefore, modern medical equipment should be equipped with the latest medical equipment to minimize accurate examination and misdiagnosis through modernization of medical examination center. In addition, since the value of medical service has a significant effect on the switching barrier, it is necessary to establish a plan to enhance the value of medical service. We need to promote sustainable customer retention and creation of new customers through differentiated screening items and cost advantages over competitors. In addition to check-up services, efforts should be made to enhance the value of services such as strengthening medical communication and medical complex cultural spaces, and at the same time, establish an organizational culture of customer-first examination centers through the placement of excellent personnel and continuous education.

Importance-Performance Analysis of Selection Attributes of University Ski Lecture Environment (대학 스키 수업 환경의 선택속성 중요도-만족도 분석)

  • Kim, Sung-Duck;Lee, Yong-Kuk
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.489-498
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate selective attributes importance and satisfaction of University Ski Lecture Environment that students perceive using IPA method. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire was used to gather data, and the convenient sampling method was used to select 300 members from three pertinent university in Seoul and Chungcheong-do, Gyeongsang-do Province as participants of this study. Only data from 221 respondents however were used after screening data for reliability, and SPSS for Windows(21.0 version) statistical program was used to conduct descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, paired samples t-test analysis, independent samples t-test analysis and IPA matrix analysis. The following results were obtained. First, significant differences between the level of satisfaction and the level of importance were found for part of the selection attributes for each group. Second, Iquadrant was included with meals and information provided factors. IIquadrant was included with instructors and class program, information provided, accommodation factors. IIIquadrant was included in accommodation and meals, time-distance factors. IVquadrant was included in the information provided factor.