• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7161-7164
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• 2013

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. This study was conducted to compare the awareness of breast cancer and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography screening among rural females in Pahang and Perak. A cross-sectional study was carried out in five selected rural districts of Pahang and Perak. Two hundred and fifty households were randomly selected and interviewed face to face using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority of residents from both states were Malay, aged between 50 and 60 years and had a secondary level of education. Malay women aged 40-49 years and women with a higher level of education were significantly more aware of breast cancer (p<0.05). About half of these women practiced BSE (60.7%) and CBE (56.1%), and 7% had underwent mammography screening. The results of this study suggest that women in Pahang and Perak have good awareness of breast cancer and that more than half practice BSE and CBE. The women's level of education appears to contribute to their level of knowledge and health behaviour. However, more effort is needed to encourage all women in rural areas to acquire further knowledge on breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3271-3274
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was performed to assess whether the weight status is associated with screening rates of breast and cervical cancer in Korean women. Methods: Study participants included women aged between 30 and 80 years from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2009. Body mass index was classified into ${\sim}18.4kg/m^2$ (underweight), $18.5{\sim}22.9kg/m^2$ (normal), $23{\sim}24.9kg/m^2$ (overweight), $25.0{\sim}29.9kg/m^2$ (moderate obesity) and $30.0kg/m^2$~ (severe obesity) according to the Asia Pacific Standards of WHO recommended definition of obesity. Screening rates of breast and cervical cancer were estimated by the recommendation of the National Cancer Screening Program of the National Cancer Center, Korea. Results : The overall screening rates for breast and cervical cancer were 51.3% and 50.1%, respectively. After covariate adjustment, the screening rates for breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.97) and cervical cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 0.94) were significantly lower in the women with severe obesity. Conclusion: Obesity is associated with lower compliance with breast and cervical cancer screening guidelines in Korean women.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2016

Breast and cervical cancers are among leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Regular screening is very important for early detection of these cancers, but studies indicate low rates of screening participation. In this survey we studied the rate of screening participation among women 18-64 years old referred to urban health centers in Kerman, Iran in 2015. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 240 women who were selected using a multistage sampling method. Data collected using a questionnaire covered demographics and questions about common cancer screening status in women. Analysis was by SPSS 19. The mean age of participants was $31.7{\pm}7$. Most (97.1%) were married, housewives (83.3%), had high school diploma (43.8%) and a monthly income more than ten million Rls. The frequency of the Pap test performance was higher in women who were employed and with a university degree (p<0.05). The frequency of mammography performance in women over 40 years was also higher in women with university degree (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of pelvic examination, and self and clinical breast examinations based on education, household income and employment (p>0.05). Our study found that the rate of screening participation among women is low. Investigation of the barriers, increasing the awareness of women about the importance and advantages of screening and also more incentives for health personnel especially family physicians to pay more attention to preventive programs could be effective.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1999

Purpose : To evaluate the diagnostic significance of simultaneous examination of hematuria and proteinuria in the urinary mass screening for early detection ot incipient renal diseases. Method and Object : During the period of 4 months from August to December in 1997, we did urinary mass screening on students of first grade of high school (16 years aged group) nationwide together with Korean Association of Health(KAH). In the first screening test, Comber-10 $N^{(R)}$ M dipsticks were used to detect proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria and nitrite simultaneously. Total 26,508 students (16 years aged group) from 33 high schools in every province in Korea, respectively, complied to the urinary mass screening. After then, one high school in Seoul was selected to reveal the true incidence of incipient renal diseases among students who showed hematuria in the initial screening through intensive examinations. Those who had hematuria and/or proteinuria visited the Paik hospital, and underwent blood tests and ultrasonographic examinations. The results were evaluated. Results 1) The initial screening revealed that the prevalence of proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria and positive nitrite urine, were $0.73\%,\;2.69\%,\;0.23\%\;and\;0.03\%$, respectively. 2) The first urinary screening among 875 students from one high school in Seoul selected fir the second test showed proteinuria, hematuria, pyuria and positive nitrite urine, were $0.91\%,\;4.68\%,\;0.34\%\;and\;0\%$, respectively. a) Total 8 among 875 students showed proteinuria, but one of them had orthostatic proteinuria and those remaining 7 students had transient proteinuria. b) There were 41 students who had hematuria in the initial screening. Among 33 who complied the second test, only one student showed asymptomatic isolated hematuria and those remaining students were normal. Conclusion : 1) Because of high false positive hematuria rate in the urinary mass screening, it dosen't seem to be appropriate that hematuria screening using dipsticks be included in the urinary mass screening. 2) A unified organization is needed from the fret that so various results of urinary mass screening came out. 3) Positive rates of pyuria and nitrite were so low that validity of urinary mass screening for urinary tract infection needs more studies.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 1988

This study is a series of reviews in connection with the application of the Questionnaire THI, in order to intend to provide such datum to be of a help as the screening-test by means of getting through comparative analysis, and finding out existence of any disease appeared as a result of the general medical examinations, and the psychosomatic symptoms, through the questionnaire THI. This study had been researched through the 507 insureds of the life insurance residing in Seoul and in the suburbs of Seoul, during the period 5 Jan. 1987 to 27 Feb. through the questionnaires. Exception of the 88 insincere respondents out of the total objectives, the 419 questionnaires were nanlized through percentage, Mean, T-test, ANOVA test, and Discriminant Analysis. 1. The Subjective Health Problem of the Objectives: The average of the health problem appliation quorum appeared to be 1. 81, the articles of both nervousness and aggressiveness appeared to be each 2.25 and 2.04. It tells that the state of appliation is heavy. It was very significant statistically the relation between the elements of sex, ages, educational backgrounds and occupations. 2. The result of the General Examination of the Objectives: The number of the persons with abnormal findings was 300 persons among the total of 419 persons as a result of the general medical examinations, and it was applicable to $73.5\%$. By each age and marital state were statistically significant. 3. Comparison of the result of the General Examination and Subjective Health of those Objectives: As a result of discriminant analysis of the independent variables through the result of the general examination, the greatest element for influence appeared to be the age, and then, regular examination, sex, and the somatic complaints of the THI in order. Accordingly, it is considered to be able to function as the screening test of the general examination, the THI. In case of a greater unit of group required a medical examination, It is considered to be of a help for the health management service for more effective and precise in quality and economic, only if a medical examination is carried out after selecting the somatic subjective problem and research in advance to the application of the THI prior to the examination.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.103-104
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• 1993

• Journal of The Korean Radiological Technologist Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2002

PURPOSE : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of the transabdominal sonography of the upper GI tract together with the abdominal examination in screening test. MATERIALS & METHODS : The transabdominal sonography of the upper GI tract togeth

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1419-1422
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• 2014

Objective: To summarize the endoscopic screening findings in high-risk population of esophageal and gastric carcinoma and analyze influential factors related to screening. Methods: In seven selected cities and counties with high incidences of esophageal carcinoma, people at age of 40-69 were set as the target population. Those with gastroscopy contradictions were excluded, and all who were voluntary and willing to comply with the medical requirements were subjected to endoscopic screening and histological examination for esophageal, gastric cardia and gastric carcinoma in accordance with national technical manual for early detection and treatment of cancer. Results: In three years, 36,154 people were screened, and 16,847 (46.60%) cases were found to have precancerous lesions. A total of 875 cases were found to have cancers (2.42%), and among them 739 cases had early stage with an early diagnosis rate is 84.5%. Some 715 patients underwent prompt treatment and the success rate was 81.8%. Conclusions: In a high-risk population of esophageal and gastric carcinoma, it is feasible to implement early detection and treatment by endoscopic screening. Screening can identify potential invasive carcinoma, early stage carcinoma and precancerous lesions, improving efficacy through early detection and treatment. The exploratory analysis of related influential factors will help broad implementation of early detection and treatment for esophageal and gastric carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6783-6790
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the commonest type of cancer among women, and in Malaysia 50-60% of the new cases are being detected at late stages. Do age, education level, income, ethnicity, relationship with breast cancer patients and knowledge of breast cancer risk factors influence breast screening practices? This study revealed interesting but significant differences. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and early detection measures among women in a high risk group. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey of one hundred and thirty one women relatives of breast cancer patients was carried out. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, during hospital visits. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The majority of the respondents (71%) had poor knowledge of the risk factors for breast cancer. Income, relationship with a patient and practise of breast cancer screening predicted performance of mammography, $R^2$=0.467, F=12.568, p<0.0001. Conclusions: The finding shows inadequate knowledge of breast cancer risk factors and poor cancer screening practise among women with family history of breast cancer. Poor knowledge and practise of breast screening are likely to lead to late stage presentation of breast cancer disease. Some important predictors of breast cancer screening behaviour among women with positive family history of breast cancer were identified. An understanding of the strengths and significance of the association between these factors and breast screening behaviour is vital for developing more targeted breast health promotion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8719-8724
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer incidence is increasing among South Asian migrants to the United States (US). However, their utilization of cancer screening services is poor. This study characterizes attitudes of South Asians towards breast health and screening in a community sample. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) was conducted among South Asians (n=124) in New Jersey and Chicago. The following beliefs and attitudes towards breast cancer screening were assessed-health motivation, breast self-examination confidence, breast cancer susceptibility and fear, and mammogram benefits and barriers. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were computed for HBM subscales. Findings: Mean age of participants was 36 years with an average 10 years stay in the US. Most women strived to care for their health ($3.82{\pm}1.18$) and perceived high benefits of screening mammography ($3.94{\pm}0.95$). However, they perceived lower susceptibility to breast cancer in the future ($2.30{\pm}0.94$). Conclusions: Increasing awareness of breast cancer risk for South Asian women may have a beneficial effect on cancer incidence because of their positive attitudes towards health and breast cancer screening. This is especially relevant because South Asians now constitute one of the largest minority populations in the US and their incidence of breast cancer is steadily increasing.