• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.849-855
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• 2012

In this paper, a proposed system can be ensured safety using scrambling technique in order to protect personal information which identifies visually from the existing e-passport. This system inserts ID card number and photograph into e-passport using scrambling technique. In this system, we need user private key and CA private key to encrypt and decrypt which make it secure. And It show better performance in throughput by not encrypting or decrypting the whole e-passport.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.4C
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• pp.380-387
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• 2009

In this paper, optical image encryption using integral imaging and pixel-scrambling technologies is proposed. In the encryption process, we use pixel scrambling to change the order of subsections into which the cover image is divided, and the utilize the integral imaging scheme to obtain the elemental image from the scrambled image. In order to achieve higher security, we reuse pixel scrambling to the elemental image. In the decryption process, we employ optical integral imaging reconstruction technique and inverse pixel scrambling methode. Computer simulation results prove the feasibility of the proposed method and robustness against data loss and noise.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.133-142
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• 2005

In this paper, two digital video scrambling methods are proposed as simple means of the digital content protection techniques. One is inter block scrambling using motion vector, the other is intra block scrambling using intra prediction mode. The proposed inter block scrambling method distorts the original sequences by swapping horizontal and vertical components of motion vector. This method can be applied on most common video coding techniques such as MPEG-1, 2, 4, H.264, etc. The proposed intra block scrambling method distorts the original sequences by modifying intra prediction mode that is property of H.254 video coding technique. Both methods do not cause my bit rate increase after scrambling. Moreover, they have low complexity because they need only simple operation like XOR. Especially, the proposed intra block scrambling does not distort inter blocks directly. But inter blocks are distorted by error propagation effect as much as intra blocks. This paper introduces two new digital video scrambling method and verifies its effectiveness through simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.31A no.4
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• pp.30-38
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• 1994

In this paper, we propose the parallel scrambling technique which is applicable in the multibit-interleaved multiplexing environment. For this, we introduce the concept of SSRG (simple shift register generator) and MSRG(modular shift register generator), and investigate their properties. We also introduce the concept of PSRG(parallel shift register generator) - parallel form of shift register generator, and consider realizations of PSRGs based on SSRGs and MSRGs. Finally, we show how to apply PSRGs to the parallel scrambling for the SDH system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1279-1284
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• 2009

With the advance of multimedia technology, multimedia sharing among multiple devices has become the main issue. This allows users to expect the peer-to-peer distribution of unprotected and protected contents over public network. Inevitably, this situation has caused an incredible piracy activity and Web sites have begun to provide copyrighted A/V data for free. In order to, protect the contents from illegal attacks and distribution, digital right management (DRM) is required. In this paper, we present the minimal cost scrambling scheme for securing the copyrighted multimedia using the data encryption standard (DES) encryption technique. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scrambling techniques achieve a very good compromise between several desirable properties such as speed, security, and file size.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5A
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• pp.521-526
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• 2004

OFDM is a very attractive technique for achieving high-bit-rate data transmission and high spectrum efficiency. However, one of disadvantages of OFDM signal is the high PAPR characteristic when multi-carriers are added up coherently. In this Paper, we propose-scrambling scheme using correlator for PAPR reduction and reducing the amount of PAPR calculations. The simulation results show that this scheme has less computational complexity and reasonable PAPR reduction capability compared to PTS technique.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.2A
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• pp.187-193
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• 2006

Multicarrier systems has major shortcomings due to the large numbers of subcarrier. One of the shortcomings is the high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR), which causes nonlinearity distortion in the transmitter, and degrades the performance of the system significantly. Partial transmit sequence(PTS) is one of the best approaches that can significantly improve the statistics of the PAPR of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) signal. Guided scrambling(GS) is an extension of self-synchronizing scrambling. It is also capable of guiding the scrambling process to produce a balanced encoded bit stream. In this paper, we propose a sub-optimal algorithm to optimize the phase factor in PTS. In addition, we integrate GS coding with this method. The proposed Hybrid algorithm can get much more PAPR reduction at the expense of incur a few error extension and do not require transmission of side information.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

The amount of digitalized contents has been rapidly increased, but the main distribution channel of them is Internet which is easily accessible. Therefore 'security' necessarily arises as one of the most important issues and the method of protecting contents becomes a major research topic as much as data coding techniques. In recent years, many developers have studied on techniques that allow only authorized person to access contents. Among them the scrambling method is one of well-known security techniques. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective digital video scrambling method which utilizes the intra block properties of a recent video coding technique, H.264. Since intra prediction modes are adopted in H.264 standard, it is easy to scramble a video sequence with modification of the intra prediction modes. In addition to its simplicity, the proposed method does not increase bit rate after scrambling. The inter blocks are also distorted by scrambling intra blocks only. This paper introduces a new digital video scrambling method and verifies its effectiveness through simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.8
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• pp.650-655
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• 2013

For the DC-free encoding of source data, the Guided Scrambling (GS) technique is widely used as multi-mode coding in the optical data storage system. For DC-suppression GS coding in the holographic data storage system, the conservative array and balanced coding criteria are proposed. In this paper, equivalent integer programming models are developed to determine the optimal control bits for the minimum digital sum value (MDSV), conservative array, and balanced coding criteria. Using the proposed integer programming models, we compare the performance of GS encoding for the various combination of control bit/array sizes and scrambling polynomials.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.622-628
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• 1996

This paper describes a new serial interface system which uses conventional 75 ohm coaxial cable. Typically parallel 25 pin cable and connectors are used to transfer and receive the data between digital systems such as HDVCR, D3 VTR and HDTV Receiver. The coaxial cable is more desirable for consumer product applications and also for studio applications where long signal paths and switching are required. This serial data transfer technique is thoroughly tested and utilied in the data transmission/reception between systems more than 200 feet apart. It is also cost effective because it does not require RF PLL, SCRAMBLING, and NRZI hardware.