• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2009

수생 정수식물인 매자기(Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray)의 화력학과 개체군 변화를 규명하여 연안대식생의 복원에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 경남 창녕군 우포늪에서 2006년 3월부터 2006년 11월까지 매자기의 계절에 따른 생장 특성 및 부위별 생물량을 조사하고 화분 재배 실험을 병행하여 실시하였다. 매자기는 우포늪의 우포, 목포, 사지포, 쪽지벌, 토평천 상.하류 등에 고루 분포하는데, 특히 목포의 밀도가 높았다. 매자기의 생육이 왕성한 시기 중 5월 28일 조사에서 매자기의 분포 수심은 9~49cm 범위였는데, shoot 밀도는 수심 26~49cm에서 높았고, $m^2$당 shoot 밀도는 평균 119이며, 초장은 평균 122.3cm이었다. 지하부의 괴경 밀도는 104.5개/$0.25m^2$으로 생존 괴경은 84.2%이고 사망 괴경은 15.8%였다. 생존 괴경의 평균 생중량은 3.0g인데, 1~4g의 괴경이 57.9%로 가장 많았다. 생존 괴경 중 이미 발아한 괴경은 43.8%였으며, 새싹이 1개(29.0%)인 것이 가장 많았고, 7~9g 및 10g 이상의 괴경에서 발아율이 높았다. 재배 실험에서는 8월초에 shoot 밀도가 발아괴경과 휴면 괴경에서 각각 13.5 및 8.7로 최대치를 나타내었다. 현지 조사에서는 매자기의 shoot 밀도가 태풍 피해 이전에는 대체로 비슷한 수준을 유지하다가 태풍 '에위니아(Ewiniar)'로 인한 침수 후 모두 고사하였고 11월에 급격히 증가하였다. 초장은 재배 실험에서 100~116cm 및 현지 조사에서 60~170cm까지 생장하였다. 생육기 말에 화분에서 재배한 매자기의 생물량 분배 비율은 발아 괴경을 식재한 화분에서 줄기 8.9%, 잎 6.6%, 화서 0%, 지하부 84.5% 등이고, 휴면 괴경을 식재한 화분에서는 줄기 7.1%, 잎 7.1%, 화서 0%, 지하부 85.8% 등으로서 모두 지하부의 비율이 높았다. 또한 생육기 말에 화분 속의 괴경 수가 1.4~4.1배 증가한 것으로 보아 매자기는 영양생식으로 주로 번식하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1991

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 간척지(干拓地) 논에 발생(發生)하는 새섬매자기의 방제(防除)를 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)로 삼고자 남서해안지역(南西海岸地域)의 간척지(干拓地)에서 새섬매자기의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 남서해안(南西海岸) 간척지(干拓地)는 전지역(全地域)에서 새섬매자기 (S. planiculmis F. Schmidt)가 우점잡초(優占雜草)로 발생(發生)하고 있었으며 매자기(Scirpus fluviatilis A. Gray)는 강변(江邊), 수로(水路) 및 연못에 새섬매자기와 함께, 혹은 단독(單獨)으로 분포(分布)하고 있었다. 2. 간척지(干拓地) 논의 토양염분농도(土壤鹽分濃度)는 개답년수(開畓年數)가 경과(經過)함에 따라 감소(減少)되는 석향(碩向)이었으며 새섬매자기의 발생(發生)은 개답후(開畓後) 4-5년(年)까지 점차(漸次) 증가(增加)하여 개 답후 4-5년에 최고(最高)에 말하고 그후에는 감소(減少)되었다. 3. 새섬매자가는 토양(土壤)의 염분농도(鹽分濃度)가 높은 지역(地域)에서 발생(發生)이 많고 염분농도(鹽分濃道)가 낮은 지역(地域)에서는 발생(發生)이 적었다. 4. 새섬매자기의 방제(防除)는 화학적(化學的) 방제(防除)와 함께 손제초(除草)로 이루어지고 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2005

Understanding the relation of water environmental factors and vegetation is critical to restoration and management of wetlands. To reveal relationships between representative plant groups and water environments, we measured cover and abundance of plant species, water depth, temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, and $PO_4-P$ concentration in water in Wangsuk stream (WS) and Gwarim reservoir (GR). This study was conducted monthly from May to October, 2004. Six vegetation groups $(W1{\sim}W6)$ in WS and five vegetation groups $(G1{\sim}G5)$ in GR were identified using TWINSPAN. WS was characterized by Phragmites japonica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Phalaris arundinacea, Beckmannia xyzigachne and Persicara hydropiper, Persicaria thunbergii, Typha angustifolia. GR was characterized by T. angustifolia, Scirpus tabernaemontani, P. thunbergii, Humulus japonicus and Scirpus fluviatilis, Typha orientalis, Zizania latifolia. The vegetation in WS experienced greater seasonal changes than in GR. A correspondence analysis suggests that water depth was the major environmental factor influencing the distribution of most plants communities in both wetlands.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2010

In this study, wetlands and forest vegetation surrounding rail, road of DMZ area and Civilian Control Line were studied as follows: Plant communities hierarchical system of forest vegetation classified according to the results of phytosociological methods of Braun-Blanquet (1964) as; Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Quercus variabilis community and Quercus acutissima -Quercus mongolica community. Wetland vegetation major communities; Scirpus wichurae community, Scirpus fluviatilis community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Typha orientalis community, Typha angustata community, Juncus alatus community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites communis-Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Hragmites communis community, Phragmites communis-Alnus japonica community, Alnus japonica community, Phragmites japonica community, Salix koreensis community, Prunus padus community, Alnus japonica community, Zizania latifolia community and Amorpha fruticosa community were surveyed. Coastal sand dune vegetation in a DMZ area and the Civilian Control Line was mainly characterized by; Carex pumila, Elymus mollis, Carex kobomugi, Rosa rugosa, Calystegia soldanella, Lathyrus japonica and Aster hispidus, species that are of typically sand dune vegetation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 1998

To describe the major environmental factors operating in coastal wetland and to characterize the distribution of the plant species over the wetland in relation to the major environmental gradients, 12 soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The gradient of water and osmotic potential of soil, electrical conductivity, sodium and chloride content and soil texture alsong the three habitat types of salt marshes, salt swamp and sand dune were occurred. The 24 coastal plant communities from principal component analysis (PCA) on the 12 variables were at designated as a gradient for soil texture and water potential related with salinity by Axis I and as a gradient for soil moisture and total nitrogen gradient by Axis II On Axis I were divided into 3 groups (1) 9 salt marsh communities including Salicornia herbacea communities (2) 5 salt swamp communities including Scirpus fluviatilis communities and (3) 10 sand dune communities including Jmperata cylindrica communities on Axis II were divided into 2 groups (1) salt marsh and sand dune communities, and (2) 3 salt swamp communities. The results could account for the zonation of plant communities on coastal wetland observed alsong envionmental gradients.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2006

The vascular plants of the studied area was listed 384 taxa of 90 families, 234 genera, 331 species, 1 subspecies, 45 varieties and 7 forms. The flora of each reservoir, 285 taxa of 83 families, 190 genera, 247 species, 1 subspecies, 30 varieties, 7 forms in Osongjae, 117 taxa of 39 families, 87 genera, 100 species, 17 varieties in Ogongjae, 83 taxa of 30 families, 67 genera, 73 species, 8 varieties, 2 forms in Shinyongjae and 86 taxa of 33families, 70 genera, 75 species, 1 subspecies, 10 varieties in Eodujae. Based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 3 taxa were recorded in the studied areas; Magnolia kobus (Preservation priority order : No. 187), Penthorum chinense (No. 144), Prunus yedoensis (No. 110) and based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 4 taxa were recorded; Populus tomentiglandulosa, Clematis trichotoma, Prunus yedoensis, Paulownia coreana. Specific plant species by floral region were total 15 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in class V, 2 taxa (Carex idzuroei, Magnolia kobus) in class IV, 2 taxa (Monochoria korsakowi, Poncirus trifoliata ) in class III, 10 taxa (Sagittaria aginashi, Salix glandulosa, Clematis brachyura, Nymphoides peltata, etc.) in class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 13 families, 29 genera, 43 species, 1 varieties, 44 taxa and naturalization rate was 11.5% and based on the list of an ecosystem disturbance plants, 3 taxa were recorded in the studied areas : Paspalum distichum, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior. The hydrophytes was listed 31 taxa of 15 families, 20 genera, 29 species, 2 varieties and Eleocharis mamillata var. cyclocarpa, Penthorum chinense, Soirodela polyrhiza were recorded in Osongjae, Sagittaria aginashi, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Scirpus juncoides, Scirpus triqueter, Monochoria korsakowi, Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea were recorded in Ogongjae. Besides, Scirpus fluviatilis, Trapa pseudoincisa were recorded in Shinyongjae and Scirpus triangulatus, Nymphoides peltata, Myriophyllum verticillatum were recorded in Eodujae. This site is located in the urban area and ecosystem-disturbing wild animal and plant has been imported here, therefore ecosystem has been disturbed more and more. The wetland here rapidly has changed into upland, so it needs conservation measures through long-term monitoring.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to define the species composition of the soil seed banks at major wetlands in Nakdong river basin and central korea and to investigate how soil seed banks relate to aboveground vegetation and soil texture. In 2005, we sampled seed banks at Baksil reservoir, Jillal marsh, Deapyeng marsh, Hwapo marsh, Upo marsh and Junam reservoir in Nakdong river basin and Osan stream and Amsa-dong in Seoul. The soil seeds were estimated with the emergence method from April to October. Total numbers of species at the seed banks were 33 at Baksil, 18 at Daepyeong, 35 at Jillal, 56 at Upo, 32 at Hwapo, 47 at Osan stream, 54 at Amsa waterside, 31 at Amsa meadow. The species diversity in the soil seed banks of Upo marsh was the highest as 0.95. The community overlap index that compares aboveground with underground vegetation is high in the Upo marsh (0.34), Jilla marsh (0.36), and Osan stream (0.27). Soil texture affected distribution of 8 species, Lindernia procumbens, L. attenuata, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Juncus effusus, Persicaria thunbergii, Eragrostis multicaulis, Cyperus nipponicus, Scirpus fluviatilis. Considering the social and cultural values, soils at Amsa meadow, Hwapo marsh and Osan stream have worth to use for wetland restoration.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.175-192
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• 1988

The coastal vegetation of the southwestern coast of Korea was surveyed by the Braun-Blnquet's phytosociological sKDICe and its soil properties were also determined. Comparing with the coastal vegetation of Korea, Japan and Europe, the vegetation of this area could be classified into as follows; A. Thero-Salicornietea R. Tx. 1954(Salicor-nietum herbaceae assoc. nov.). B. Thero-Suaedetea Rivas Martwez 1979 (Suaedetum japonicae Miyawaki et Ohba 1966, Suaeda maritima commuity, Atriplici-Suaedetum maritimi Miyawaki et Ohba 1965, Suaeda asparagoided community) C. Asteretea tripolium Westhoff et Beeftink 1962 (Zoysietum sinice Ohba, Miyawaki et Tx. 1973, Limonietum tetragoni Miyawaki et Ohba 1969, Artemisietum scopariae assoc. nov., Aster tripolium community, Atriplex, gmelini community) D. Phragmitetea Tx. et Prsg. 1942 (Triglochietum maritimae assoc. nov., Carcetum scabrifoliae Miyawaki et Ohba 1969, phragmites communis community, Pyaceluretum latifolii Miyawaki et Okuda 1972, Scirpus fluviatilis community) E. Salsoletea komarovil Ohba, Miyawaki et Tx. 1973(Salsola komarovi community) F. Glehnietea littoralis ohba, Miyawaki et Tx. 1973(Caricetum pumilae assoc. nov., Meserschmidia sibirica community, Lysimachia mauri-tiana community Ishaemum anthephoroides community, Elymus mollis commuity, carex kobomugi community, Ixeris repens community) G. Viticetea rotundifoliae Ohba, Miyawaki et Tx. 1973 (Imperato cylindricae-Viticetum rotundifoliae ohba, Miyawaki ex Tx. 1973) and Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten community. Among the soil properties, water potential seems to be one fo the most important factor on the distribution of the coastal plant community and it might be highly affected by water content in sand and salinity in low marsh.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2018

Background: To understand the ecological characteristics of floating mat in which endangered species of Iris laevigata and Menyanthes trifoliata inhabit, we surveyed the vegetation and water environments of a floating mat wetland and examined the relations between ecological characteristics of the mat. Results: Although Phragmites australis and Zizania latifolia were found at all experimental quadrats (n = 61) as the major vegetational components of the floating mat wetland, they showed relatively poor growth performances in terms of shoot height (< 2 m) and biomass production (<$300g/m^2$) compared with those in soil-based wetlands because of oligotrophic water condition. The competitiveness and distribution of P. australis and Z. latifolia seemed to be determined by water level difference by micro-topography rather than water chemistry. Conclusion: P. australis and endangered plant species mainly occurred in the area of relatively shallow water, whereas Z. latifolia and deep-water species such as Scirpus fluviatilis mostly inhabit in the area of deep water on the floating mat. Continuously maintained water level and oligotrophic water condition in the floating mat appeared to be important environments for endangered species such as I. laevigata and M. trifoliata.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2004

Whitening effect, which decreases the skin pigmentation, is the one of important targets in cosmetics. This study was investigated the effects of Scirpi rhizoma on ant ioxidation and melanogenesis. S.rhizoma is a rhizome of Scirpus fluviatilis G. a perennial Cyperaceae species of wide occurrence in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America. S.rhizoma shown scavenging activities of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the IC50 of 638${\mu}g/ml$ against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 21.7${\mu}g/ml$ against superoxide radicals in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, respectively. S.rhizoma treatment (48 h) suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin up to 27% and reduced tyrosinase activity up to 31% at 100${\mu}g/ml$ in B16 melanoma cells. S.rhizoma was also able to significantly inhibit tyrosinase and TRP-1 expres- sion in protein level. These results suggest that S.rhizoma inhibited melanin biosynthesis by regulating tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore S.rhizoma may be useful as new whitening agent due to the antioxidant effect and the inhibitory effect against melanogenesis.