• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.19-34
• /
• 1985

Teaching inquiry process is one of the most important objectives in science education. To promote students scientific process skills, a science teacher should encourage the students do something by themselves. One method for that purpose which has been used in many schools would be group experiment. The researcher has been experienced a lot of difficulties in controlling or guiding every group to finish the assigned experiment within the given class hour. Therefore, the researcher decided to select several leaders from students and trained them in advance of the given class hour. This leaders are expected to guide the remaining students in the class. As the result of this study, the classroom with and without student leaders showed very significant difference(P>0.001) in their achievement of scientific process skills. The experimental group also showed more positive attitude toward science. The researcher concluded that the use of student leaders is very effective in promoting scientific process skills. This method is also regarded very effective in a large class sized like Korean Schools.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.459-467
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of science teaching efficacy belief in the elementary school teachers and to find out the students' science process skills and scientific attitudes according to the level of the teacher's science teaching efficacy belief. After measuring science teaching efficacy belief of 109 teachers from nine elementary schools, three teachers who received the high score and three teachers who received the low score were selected from each 5th and 6th grade. Science process skills and scientific attitudes of 331 students who were in the selected 12 teachers' classes were measured. The results of this study were as follows; First, there were significant differences on the elementary school teachers' science teaching efficacy belief according to teacher's gender and career. The men's average score was clearly higher than women's average score on personal science teaching efficacy in science teaching efficacy belief according to teacher's gender. There was a obvious difference between the group of more than six-year less than ten-year and the group of more than fifteen-year less than twenty-year, the group of more than twenty-year on science teaching outcome expectancy in science teaching efficacy belief according to teacher's career. Second, there was not a evident difference on the elementary school students' science process skill according to the level of the elementary school teachers' science teaching efficacy. Third, there was a distinct difference on the elementary school students' scientific attitude according to the elementary school teachers' science teaching efficacy. There was a significant difference on the openness and the endurance in each scientific attitude. The level of science teaching efficacy belief in the elementary school teachers had few effects on the elementary school students' science process skill, on the other hand the level of science teaching efficacy belief in the elementary school teachers had an positive effect on the elementary school students' scientific attitude.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.166-180
• /
• 2016

This paper examines the effects on academic achievement, scientific process skills and affective domain for elementary students learning the 'Chicken life cycle' through traditional science class versus a smart media based STEAM approach. Students designed and built a hatching jar and created a smart media content for chickens using time-lapse technology. This STEAM program was developed to improve their scientific concepts of animals over nine periods of classes using integrated education methods. The experimental study took place in the third grade of public schools in a province, with the STEAM approach applied in 2 classes (44 students) and the traditional discipline approach implemented in 2 classes (46 students). The STEAM education significantly influenced the improvement of academic achievements, basic scientific process skills and affective domain. The results suggest that this STEAM approach for teaching scientific concepts of animal life cycles has the performance in terms of knowledge, skills and affect gain achievements in elementary school students' learning when compared to a traditional approach. Moreover, the smart media based STEAM program is helpful to lead students to engage in integrated problem-solving designs and learning science and technology.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.91-111
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 유아가 오감을 이용한 벼 관찰활동을 통해 유아의 과학과정기술이 어떻게 변화하는지 살펴보고자 실시되었다. 연구참여자는 경기도 오산시에 소재한 Y어린이집에 재원중인 만3세 유아 10명이었다. 유아의 과학과정기술의 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 Spradley(1980)의 참여관찰 분석과정을 최정열(2000)이 수정 보완한 분석과정을 사용하였다. 분석자료에는 유아 인터뷰 자료, 유아관찰일지, 교사 관찰기록 등이 사용되었다. 연구결과 오감을 이용한 벼 관찰활동은 유아의 과학과정기술에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유아는 초기에 비해 후기로 갈수록 벼에 대해 예측하기, 관찰하기, 분류하기, 비교하기, 측정하기 능력이 향상되었다. 본 연구결과는 유아의 과학적 사고 신장을 위한 교수방법의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.509-524
• /
• 2007

The purpose of the study is to compare elementary school science textbooks ($3^{rd}$ grade) in Korea and the U.S., centering on the ways to present scientific concepts and inquiry process in the units of 'matter.' The analysis is focused on: a) general structure of the units; b) how to present scientific concepts in terms of its connections and complexity; c) how to present inquiry process in terms of its types and skills. The findings of the study are as follows. First, the contents of 'matter' units are scientific discipline-based in both countries. The general structure of the units in Korean textbooks is unrestricted compared to those in the U.S. Second, the connections among the concepts are poor and the level of complexity is low in Korean textbooks, which are contrary to those in the U.S. textbooks. Third, it is a common feature that the inquiry process is based on learners' everyday experiences with simple experiments in two countries' textbooks. However, the inquiry process in the U.S. textbooks is provided with detailed instructions while the process in Korea is presented with diverse activities without formal guidelines. Based on the results, the study suggests three recommendations to improve Korean textbooks: a) science contents should be linked to other disciplines in order to promote practical applications; b) scientific concepts are required to be tightly connected and provided with in-depth explanations; c) inquiry process is needed to be presented with specific guidance to facilitate scientific thinking.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.667-679
• /
• 2000

과학적 가설의 생성은 과학적 탐구활동뿐 아니라, 개념변화과정에서 중요한 활동 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 과학적 가설을 설명가설과 예측가설로 나누었고, 각각의 경우에 과학적 설명이나 과학적 예측과 어떻게 다른지를 분석 논의하였다. 또한 현상을 기술만 하고 있는 추측의 경우를 과학적 가설로 보지 않음으로서, 귀납적 일반화에 의한 보편법칙의 제안을 과학적 가설로 보지 않는다고 논의하였다. 과학적 가설의 제안에 필요한 과학적 사고로서 귀추적 사고의 특징을 논의하였으며, 그에 기초한 과학적 설명가설의 생성과정을 4단계로 제시하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구로부터 수행중인 후속 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2007

This study proposed task-based teaming strategies as a means of fulfilling the demands and goals of the 7th national science curriculum. Task-based learning is based on the use of a series of activities whereby a teacher presents students with tasks related to daily lift and the students solve the tasks by themselves using various methods and thought processes and then present and discuss their results with each other. The tasks are selected from the 6-grade science textbook, are reconstructed and are then given to the classes. The tasks include whole class activities as well as individual activities related to the interests, abilities, and concerns of the students. The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of task-based learning classes on the science process skills and the scientific attitudes of elementary school students, when applied to 6th grade students. For this, the task-based learning activities were applied to an experimental group and expository teaching was applied to the comparison group. Both groups were given a pre-post test on science process skills and scientific attitudes. The results indicate that task-based loaming is very effective in the development of science process skills and scientific attitudes.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.589-600
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of science writing heuristic(SWH) instruction based on Tolumin's structure of argument, on students' science process skills and scientific attitude. In the instruction, unstructured problems were selected with issues to be argued, in which interactions among students are stressed. This research involved 58 students of 5th grade at an elementary school, and divided them into an experimental group with 29 and a control group with 29. The former was treated with instruction using argumentation as SWH, while the latter with conventional ways of instruction. Science process skills and scientific attitude were compared between the two groups and within each of the groups. The results implied that science instruction using science writing heuristic is effective in improving learning science process skills and scientific attitude.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.271-289
• /
• 2020

이 연구는 과정중심평가에서 나타나는 교사 피드백 유형의 사례를 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 과정중심평가의 실행을 위하여 과정을 시각화한 협력적 모델링-논의 활동을 실시하였고, B고등학교 교사 4명과 학생 353명이 연구에 참여하였다. 자료의 분석은 논의 수업을 촬영한 영상, 협력적 모델링-논의 활동지 및 교사의 인터뷰 내용을 대상으로 실시하였다. 피드백의 유형화는 과학적 개념에 대한 피드백과 논의 과정에 대한 피드백의 범주를 바탕으로 하였으며, 각 피드백의 유형에 해당하는 사례는 교사 4명을 중심으로 추출하여 수업의 맥락과 함께 구체적으로 제시하였다. 연구 결과, 과학적 개념에 대한 피드백 중 개념 준거 제시형, 사고 촉진형 피드백이 학생의 자기 점검을 유도하였으며, 논의 과정에 대한 피드백 중 맥락 강조형 피드백, 과정 준거 제시형 피드백, 롤모델형 피드백, 그리고 인식 탐색형 피드백이 학생의 자기 점검을 유도하였다. 연구 결과를 토대로 과정중심 평가를 성공적으로 실시하기 위한 피드백의 특성과 과정중심평가에서의 교사의 역할을 도출하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 과정중심평가에서의 교사 피드백에 대한 이해를 기반으로 과정중심평가를 실천하기 위한 구체적인 지침을 제공해 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.221-232
• /
• 2019

과학 교육에서는 탐구 중심 과학 수업의 중요성이 지속적으로 강조되어 왔다. 그럼에도 불구하고 교사들의 과학 탐구에 대한 이해가 부족하여 교육 현장에서 과학 탐구 수업이 그 의미대로 실행되지 못하고 있다고 여러 선행 연구에서 언급되어 왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교사학습공동체에서 과학 탐구 수업이라는 공동의 목표를 자발적으로 설정하고 1년 이상 과학 탐구 수업 계획, 실행 경험 공유, 반성을 함께 한 5명의 교사들을 대상으로 과학 탐구에 대해 어떠한 이해를 갖고 있는지, 과학 탐구에 대한 이해가 어떻게 변화되었다고 인식하는 지를 개방형 설문과 개별 면담 자료를 통해 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구의 모든 교사들은 과학 탐구를 '과학자가 하는 일'로 설명하였으며 구체적으로는 '자연 현상에 대한 궁금증을 과학적 탐구 기능을 수행하여 해결하는 과정', '과학 실천을 하여 과학지식을 구성하는 과정'으로 이해하고 있었다. 또한, 학생들이 과학자의 탐구 과정을 수행하는 것이 과학 탐구라고 이해하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에 참여한 두 명의 교사는 과학 탐구가 과학자 또는 학생이 과학을 하는 과정이라는 이해를 기반으로 과학 탐구를 교수-학습 방법으로 이해하고 있었다. 본 연구의 교사들은 교사학습공동체 활동 전에는 과학 탐구가 실험과 동일하거나 손으로 조작하는 활동이 필수라는 탐구에 대한 제한적인 이해를 가지고 있었으나 교사학습공동체 활동을 통해 다양한 방법의 과학 탐구가 있으며, 실험을 수행하는 것뿐만 아니라 모형을 개발하거나 사용하여 현상을 설명하고, 학생들 간 증거 기반의 논의에 참여하는 것도 중요한 과학 탐구 과정이라는 발전된 이해를 가지게 된 것으로 나타났다.