• STI Policy Review
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2017

This article advocates for a Mode 3 science policy. Compared to the university research-based Mode 1 knowledge production system and the knowledge application-centric Mode 2 innovation system, Mode 3 can be defined as a system that integrates both Mode 1 and Mode 2-type knowledge production models. In this article, based on the major characteristics of the Mode 3 scientific knowledge production system, I agree with the advocates of Mode 3 that constructing a knowledge society requires an inclusive form of knowledge production and innovation system through the democratization of knowledge production as well as the promotion of social values. Moreover, the mechanisms for creating accountable innovation in the Mode 3 system should be given more attention from the science research and policy communities to make public policy for scientific and technological innovation more reflective of social changes. Similar to the ways that the Mode 1 and Mode 2 scientific knowledge production approaches have influenced the development of science policy models, the Mode 3 scientific knowledge production approach, or Mode 3 science, also has the potential to shape a new science policy model. I will refer to this as Mode 3 science policy. In an effort to conceptualize the democracy- and society-centric Mode 3 science policy model, I will articulate science policy strategies in four science policy domains in South Korea from the context of the Mode 3 science approach. These include (1) evaluation of publicly-funded research activities, (2) valorization of scientific knowledge (that is, enhancement of the value of scientific knowledge through governmental action), (3) development of a science policy decision-making support system, and (4) anticipatory foresight of science, technology and society. When adopting and implementing a Mode 3 science framework, one progressive change is to increase socially desirable innovation such as responsible innovation.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.133-152
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• 2010

This paper suggests a typology of the modes of collaboration for scientific and technological knowledge production and sharing (STKPS) based on knowledge communication types, including organizational factors, communication channel, intensity, and decision-making, that affect STKPS processes. It is mainly designed to rearrange ideas about collaboration drawn from the literature in order to develop a conceptual framework for categorizing modes of collaboration based on how communication patterns shape four modes of collaboration. In the conclusion and discussion part, practical implications, limitations of this study, and further studies are discussed. In particular, the practical implications propose communication patterns suitable for five stages of collaboration processes. As the collaboration initiation or set-up stage is critical, extensive face-to-face communication is recommended in the auditing stage. In the execution stage, media-based communication can be actively utilized, because collaborators will mostly exchange explicit codified knowledge supported by IT. The evaluation and reinforcement stages concentrate on tacit knowledge exchange and explicit knowledge evaluation, which requires intensive face-to-face communication including negotiations for evaluating collaboration outcomes and partnership.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2016

Given the difference in research performance in various scientific fields, this study aims to weight and valuate current indicators used for evaluation of scientific productions (publications), in order to adjust these indicators in comparison to each other and make possible a more precise evaluation of scientific productions. This is a scientometrics study using documentary, evaluative, and survey techniques. The statistical population consisted of 106 top Iranian researchers, scientists, and scientific and research managers. Then their research résumé information was gathered and analyzed based on research questions. In order to compare values, the data gathered from research production performance of the population was weighted using Shannon entropy method. Also, the weights of each scientific production importance according to expert opinions (extracted from other works) was analyzed and after adjustment the final weight of each scientific production was determined. A pairwise matrix was used in order to determine the ratios. According to the results, in the area of engineering sciences, patents (0.142) in the area of science, international articles (0.074) in the area of humanities and social sciences, books (0.174), and in the area of medical sciences, international articles (0.111) had the highest weight compared to other information formats. By dividing the weights for each type of publication, the value of each scientific production compared to other scientific productions in the same field and productions of other fields was calculated. Validation of the results in the studied population resulted in very high credibility for all investigated indicators in all four fields. By using these values and normalized ratios of publication indicators it is possible to achieve precise and adjusted results, making it possible to feasibly use these results in realistic policy making.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2019

In order to search for the causes of having difficulty with the scientification task of the Korean medicine, the definition and conception of science were reviewed first and then formalization of reasoning scheme and a practical method of scientification were proposed. Science in its definition is meant by foundation of method and system for production of scientific knowledge not by knowledge of science itself. The formation of science is composed of complex processes including not only scientific knowledge but also politicosocial output containing activity of scientist society, spreading of social value and intercommunication. The production of scientific knowledge of Korean medicine is begun from logicality of the differential diagnosis and treatment theory through abductive verification of analogical inference by yinyang and 5 phase theory. For the commensurability between the various heterogenic theories within Korean medicine, the scientific activity of collecting, compiling, analyzing, distributing, and discussing the significant knowledge gained through abductive verification in the experiment and clinical process should be formed broadly. Based on these knowledge database, organization of scientist society with Korean medicine, life science, medical engineering, social expansion and generalization of pattern conception, and then social propagation and contribution for national health should be driven forward.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.211-218
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• 1994

Grinding is considered as a very effective machining technology to attain high production rates and a good surface quality of hard and brittle components. However, the grinding operations till needs the skill and the experience of an operator because of a lack of scientific knowledge and engineering principles. This is the reason why grinding operations are not completley intergrated in CIMS(Computer Intergrated Manufacturing System. Recent develop- ment focus on expert system which deals with domain specific knowledge in order to solve this problem. Firstly, in this study, a basic strategy to develop the grinding knowledge-base for grinding is discussed. Next, the architecture of knowledge-base and management of the grinding knowledge-base(GKB) is described.

• World Technopolis Review
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

Over the last two decades, interest increased with regard to how some research universities made direct impacts on surrounding regional economic activities and growth. Although the role of basic research for most research universities has remained strong, pressure has intensified to broaden its missions to include helping local and regional economic development efforts. Consequently, many research universities have evolved their basic scientific research mission from the production of scientific knowledge to the sharing and exchange of knowledge with local industries by actively engaging in local economic development (Uyarra 2010). Previous examination has shown that most research universities contribute to local and regional economic development by various functions they provide. They are as follows: Creation of Knowledge, Human-capital creation, Transfer of existing know-how, Technological innovation, Capital investment, Regional leadership, Knowledge infrastructure production and Influence in regional milieu (Drucker and Goldstein 2007). This paper will review the existing literature on the role of universities and its impacts on local regional economic growth and development. In addition, this paper will show how two major research universities (The University of Arizona and Arizona State University) have contributed to the growth of Arizona during last two decades. It is believed that the existence of these two research universities have been instrumental in making industries more diverse and highly attractive, particularly in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2016

A sustainable development in science, innovation, and technology requires a balanced distribution of scientific wealth in sub-country regions. This paper addresses the issue of geographical distribution of scientific wealth and its goal is to offer a framework to describe and measure the share of provinces in national scientific wealth. Our proposed model divides the indicators of scientific wealth into two groups, production and the use of scientific wealth. To evaluate this model, the scientific wealth of Iran was studied using recorded data on IRANDOC databases. Rich, average, and poor provinces were identified and the results showed that 70% of the scientific wealth belongs to 20% of the provinces. The findings can facilitate planning for a sustainable science and technology policy.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.205-227
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• 2016

본 연구는 북한의 과학자들이 과학기술지식을 생산하는 구조를 파악하기 위해 국제학술논문 데이터를 바탕으로 공동연구 네트워크를 분석하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면, 연구주제 분야는 물리학, 수학 및 화학 등 기초과학 분야에 편중되어 있었다. 북한과의 주요 공동연구 협력국가는 중국이며, 김정은 시대 이후 그 현상은 더욱 강해진 것으로 나타났다. 물리학 분야의 주요 공동연구는 독일에서 중국으로 이동한 것으로 나타났다. 국제학술논문을 발표한 북한의 과학자들의 소속기관은 총 32개 기관이었다. 그 중에서 국제학술 활동이 활발한 연구기관은 김일성종합대학, 국가과학원, 김책공업종합대학, 리과대학임을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.349-373
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• 2010

본 연구는 사회복지 연구의 주요 경향을 비판적으로 고찰하면서 페미니스트 인식론과 사회복지 연구의 절합을 모색하고자 한다. 구체적으로는 "한국사회복지학"에 게재된 양적 질적 연구의 주요 경향과 여성에 관한 연구를 분석하고, 방법론 및 인식론적 쟁점을 논의하면서 페미니스트 인식론의 내용과 사회복지적 함의를 살펴보았다. 페미니스트 인식론으로부터 출발하는 연구는 실증주의적 전통에서 출발하는 객관성의 개념을 재고하고, 지식구축 과정에 작용하는 권력관계와 주체-타자와의 관계를 성찰하게 하여 연구자와 연구참여자와의 민주적이고 변증법적인 관계를 새롭게 정립시킨다는 점에서 사회복지 연구에 대안적 전망을 제시할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구자들은 페미니스트 인식론과의 조우가 억압받는 사람들의 삶으로부터 사고를 시작하는 사회복지(학)의 비판적 이론과 실천적 전망을 회복시켜 줄 것이라 기대한다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.42-63
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• 2004

Recent trend of rapid growth in the basic research activities in East-Asian newly industrialized countries bring about the change in the world knowledge production structure. Particularly, Korea showed the changing patterns not only in the number of publication, but also in the aspect of structural change of basic research activities. The stylized facts of basic research activities in Korea can be summarized in three aspects; first, selective development patterns, second, reverse pattern of evolution, and finally, the rapid growth of basic research activities in major firms. This paper analyse the evolutionary patterns of basic research activities in empirical base and propose the policy implication for supporting basic research activity in newly industrializing countries.