• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.222-237
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• 2022

This study was performed to predict change of forestland area in future to 2050 based on System Dynamics Model which is based on feedback loop by causal relationship. As forestland area change in the future depends on potential forestland conversion demands, each demand type of forestland conversion such as agricultural, industrial, public and residential/commercial use was modeled using annual GDP, population, number of household, household construction permission area (1981~2019). In results, all of conversion demands would have continuously decreased to 2050 while residential and commercial land would be reduced from 2034. Due to such shortage, eventually, total of forestland in South Korea would have decreased to 6.18 million ha when compared to current 6.29 million ha. Moreover, the forestland conversion to other use types must be occurred continuously in future because most of forestland is owned privately in South Korea. Such steady decrement of forestland area in future can contribute to the shortage of carbon sink and encumber achievement of national carbon-neutral goal to 2050. If forestland conversion would be occurred inevitably in future according to such change trends of all types, improved laws and polices related to forestland should be prepared for planned use and rational conservation in terms of whole territory management. Therefore, it is needed to offer sufficient incentive, such as tax reduction and payment of ecosystem service on excellent forestland protection and maintenance, to private owners for minimizing forestland conversion. Moreover, active afforestation policy and practice have to be implemented on idle land for reaching national goal 'Carbon Neutral to 2050' in South Korea.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

This study tried to find out the applicability and effectiveness of the AI-based adaptive learning system in university classes by operating an AI-based adaptive learning system on a pilot basis. To this end, an AI-based adaptive learning system was applied to analyze the operation results of 42 learners who participated in basic mathematics classes, and a survey and in-depth interviews were conducted with students and professors. As a result of the study, the use of an AI-based customized learning system improved students' academic achievement. Both instructors and learners seem to contribute to improving learning performance in basic concept learning, and through this, the AI-based adaptive learning system is expected to be an effective way to enhance self-directed learning and strengthen knowledge through concept learning. It is expected to be used as basic data related to the introduction and application of basic science subjects for AI-based adaptive learning systems. In the future, we suggest a strategy study on how to use the analyzed data and to verify the effect of linking the learning process and analyzed data provided to students in AI-based customized learning to face-to-face classes.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.37-47
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate how flip learning based interdisciplinary fusion creativity promotion program using movie is effective for university students creativity and fusion talent literacy. To do this, we conducted a total of 15 sessions for a total of 89 students from 44 college students and 45 non - attendance college students who attended the "Creative Fusion Creative Encounters with Film" course at Busan Metropolitan City. The collected data were analyzed by independent sample t-test using SPSS 23.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. First, flip learning based interdisciplinary fusion creativity enhancement program using movie was significant in the order of patience / attachment, humor, self - confidence, imagination, openness, independence, and curiosity in the creativity sub - domain of college students. Second, flip learning - based interdisciplinary convergence creativity enhancement programs using movies were found to have a significant effect in the order of convergence, care, communication, and creativity in the sub - areas of university students' literacy achievement. The findings of the study proved the educational effects of the interdisciplinary creativity promotion program that was based on movie-assisted flipped learning, and this study is expected to suggest some of the right directions for education-based interdisciplinary research and to give some suggestions on that.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.563-571
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of multicultural mentoring class activities in order to promote the professional growth and critical reflection of student mentors who are undergraduate students from a variety of major. For this purpose, the contents and phenomena of the multicultural mentoring of the mentor - mentee were reported as activity texts, and then seven directions of textuality were applied to explore the direction of multicultural mentoring class activities. As a result, coherence refers to the relationship between the mentor and the mentee for continuing the activities of multicultural mentoring, and cohesiveness refers to the relationship between the mentor and the mentee. It was called the achievement of identity. Intention means that the mentor has an intention or goal for the class before the mentoring activity, and tolerance means that the text produced by the mentor in the multicultural mentoring process is accepted by the mentee. Intentional means that the mentor has intention or goal for the class before the mentoring class activity, and tolerance means having the text as the class activity text when the mentor's text is accepted by the multicultural mentoring class activity process. In the case of informativeness, the information produced by the mentor is less informative when the mentee is predictable and less informative when the predictor is low. In the case of contextuality, contextuality of class activities can be changed according to the physical text situation and the mentee situation in class activity. In case of multicultural mentoring class activity, except for case where mentor creates new class activity text, it is related to the production of class activity texts through mentor learning experiences, peer friends' advice, and education.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.743-752
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• 2017

This paper analysis the creative convergent person and the analysis of educational purpose system based competence in the 2015 revised curriculum. For this end, first, It discuss the educational purposes of the elementary and secondary school. The educational purposes are specified in the law, the general guideline and subject matters of the national curriculum. Second, It find out the relationship between creative convergence person and educational purposes. The core competencies that emerged from 2015 revised curriculum are an important role for the realization of creative convergence person. Finally, each purpose for the promotion of creative convergence person review how adequately defined. The review divided the three; the stipulation of legislation, general guideline of the national curriculum, subject matters of the national curriculum. As a result, the purpose of the direct role for the realization of creative convergence person is core competence and special competency of a subject matters. These competencies are reflected in achievement standards of the contents system in subject matters of 2015 revised curriculum. The core competence is a kind of educational purposes in terms of learners.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2017

Little evidence has been provided on the standardization of community dental hygiene as one of the subjects of dental hygiene course. The goals of this study were to: examine the satisfaction of a dental hygiene student's in the practice program according to public health centers and explore the satisfaction factors of a dental hygiene student's in the program of public health center. Data on 105 were obtained from the undergraduate students in the university in Gyeonggi-do. As a result of satisfaction of the practice at 11 public health centers, the overall mean score was 5.3 out of 7 score. The means of satisfaction score were different cross public health centers with the 3.7 lowest and 6.8 highest score. Among the factors affecting satisfaction of the practice at public health center, 'comfortability of practice' was identified by 55.2%, followed by 'accessibility (46.7%)' and 'academic achievement (31.4%)'. Different proportions of respondents were obtained between 3rd year and 4th year students. In conclusion, this study highlighted the importance of the program of public health center for quality improvement of community oral health practice. A survey of the satisfaction of a dental hygiene student of community oral health practice is to provide evidence data as a starting point for this purpose.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.333-348
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• 2023

Clear analysis and diagnosis of various characteristic factors of individual students is the most important in order to realize individual customized teaching and learning, which is considered the most essential function of math artificial intelligence-based digital textbooks. In this study, analysis factors and tools for individual customized learning diagnosis and construction models for data collection and analysis were derived from mathematical AI digital textbooks. To this end, according to the Ministry of Education's recent plan to apply AI digital textbooks, the demand for AI digital textbooks in mathematics, personalized learning and prior research on data for it, and factors for learner analysis in mathematics digital platforms were reviewed. As a result of the study, the researcher summarized the factors for learning analysis as factors for learning readiness, process and performance, achievement, weakness, and propensity analysis as factors for learning duration, problem solving time, concentration, math learning habits, and emotional analysis as factors for confidence, interest, anxiety, learning motivation, value perception, and attitude analysis as factors for learning analysis. In addition, the researcher proposed noon data on the problem, learning progress rate, screen recording data on student activities, event data, eye tracking device, and self-response questionnaires as data collection tools for these factors. Finally, a data collection model was proposed that time-series these factors before, during, and after learning.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.206-220
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• 2003

Purpose: this study was intended to search the relationship between perception of the infant temperament in mother of infant at the age of 1～12 months and maternal confidence and satisfaction in performing maternal role, and to submit a basic data to establish a nursing intervention program which is helpful for determination of infant development and performing maternal role promotion by identify variables associated with infant temperament. Method: The subjects of this study were 300 mothers of infant at the age of 1～12 months who visited well baby clinic in 4 hospitals in Busan city and Kyoung-Nam province. Final analysis was performed in 293 cases. Seven cases was excluded in this study because of its inappropriate data collection. The data was collected from 1st July to 15th August 2002. The questionaries which were fill-up by mother were collected. Infant temperament was measured by using the tool of 'what my baby is like'(WBL) which was developed by Priham et. al.(1994) and translated by Bang(1999). The scale of postpartum self evaluation which was developed by Lederman et al(1981) and translated by Lee(1992) was used for the confidence and satisfaction of maternal role. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS-PC for window, version 10.0: frequency, percentage, minimum, maximum, mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA, Post-hoc test(Scheffe's test), Pearson Correlation Coefficients. Result: The mean score of maternal perception of the infant temperament was 6.17±1.04, and mother recognized her infant as positive. The mean score of confidence of maternal role was 2.89± .41 and this revealed in an average level. The mean score of satisfaction of maternal role was 3.29± .51 and this revealed in a higher level. There was a weak significant positive correlation between the score of maternal perception of infant temperament and confidence of maternal role(r=0.176, P= .003), but there was no significant correlation between satisfaction of maternal role(P> .05). It revealed the more maternal perception of the infant temperament as positive, the higher confidence of maternal role. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between confidence of maternal role and satisfaction of maternal role(r=0.410, P= .000). It revealed the more confidence of maternal role, the higher satisfaction of maternal role. The variables related with the score of maternal perception of infant temperament were the type of delivery (t=-2.600, P= .010), experience of learning baby care(t=2.382, P= .018), maternal perception on baby's health status(F=3.467, P= .033), maternal perception on her health status(F=3.467, P= .027), baby's age(F=3.080, P= .028). Conclusion: Our result showed the confidence of maternal role was increased as the maternal perception of infant temperament was positive, and conformed that the confidence of maternal role was also related with satisfaction of maternal role. Prenatal education, type of delivery, baby's age were also related with the maternal perception of infant temperament. So, nursing intervention program of developmental stage maybe necessary in order to help maternal perception of infant temperament as positive, and it will be increased the confidence of maternal role and satisfaction of performing maternal role which was considered as real indicate of achievement of maternal role.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-99
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• 1994

The international environmental activities and environmental education began in 1970's. Environmental education in Korea was emphasized since the Forth National Curriculum. 'The Environmental Education Curriculum' will be separated as one of the most important parts in the Sixth National Education Curriculum in Korea. The purpose of this study was development. of 'Environmental Science' of high school appropriate to Sixth National Education Curriculum. First step was to state goals of environmental education in detail based on analysis of goals about environmental education in our country and other countries. Second was to analyse seven environments-related texts of Korea, America and England. Third, to measure how much environmental education has achieved in Fifth National Curriculum of Korea. Fourth, to develop a new environmental text of high school level. Fifth, to verify the effect of developed environmental text. The environmental part of 'Science I'(unit V. Life and Environments) and high school environments-related reference text(Survival and Environments) in Korea, American knowledges. American 'Environments' was stressed in many skills but they didn't include various teaching strategies. On the other hand, American 'Science-Technology-Society(S-T-S)' and British 'Science and Technology in Society(SATIS)' were stressed in knowledges and skills, and they included many teaching strategies and student actions. American 'S-T-S' was the only one stressed in values and attitudes. And all seven texts were not interested in behaviors and participations. To measure the achievement of environmental education by questionnaire, 497 high school students in total were selected from five different schools. Actually, most students had a positive thinkings and attitudes in their hearts about environmental problems, about environmental problems, but many of them did not take actions to solve environmental problems and to protect environments. The higher the score students got in 'knowledges and informations', the higher the score in 'skill'. It implies that learning of skills is based on learning of knowledges and informations about environments. On the other hand, much knowledges and information about environments has not always ensured positive thinkings and attitudes or active behaviors and participations to solve environmental problem. In view that ultimate aim of environmental education is forming responsible environmental behaviors and the goals of values and behaviors are as important as knowledges and skills. A new environmental text of high school level was developed and it was based on analysis of seven texts and environmental education in Fifth Korean Curriculum. This text have seven units, 1. Habitates : What're the meanings?, 2. Nuclear Energy : Can't be Avoid?, 3. Acid Rain : What're the Messages?, 4. Ethanol : Is this Future Fuel?, 5. Wastes : A New War!, 6. What're the National and Gloval Environmental education and avoided from the array of knowledges. Therefore included various teaching strategies and independent actions of students. 'Open-ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning' in text were special learning parts for aquisition of values and formation of behaviors. To verify the effects. of new developed environmental text, the direct learning was carried out by 286 students in total. Post test scores of experimental groups per each units were significantly higher than those of control groups from five different schools were as follows. For validity of selecting contents for units, 74% of respondent replied positively. For classification and presentation of four goal-groups, 90% replied positively in validity and 82%, in utility. For validity of various teaching strategies, 88% and for the degree of including student-centered independent actions, 86% replied positively, For importances and expected effects of 'open=ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning', showed positive responses respectively, 88%, 92% Therefore this text is effective to achieve four goals of environmental education equally.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.119-135
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• 2021

Korea has stepped up efforts to investigate and catalog its flora and fauna to conserve the biodiversity of the Korean Peninsula and secure biological resources since the ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1992 and the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits (ABS) in 2010. Thus, after its establishment in 2007, the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of the Ministry of Environment of Korea initiated a project called the Korean Indigenous Species Investigation Project to investigate indigenous species on the Korean Peninsula. For 15 years since its beginning in 2006, this project has been carried out in five phases, Phase 1 from 2006-2008, Phase 2 from 2009-2011, Phase 3 from 2012-2014, Phase 4 from 2015-2017, and Phase 5 from 2018-2020. Before this project, in 2006, the number of indigenous species surveyed was 29,916. The figure was cumulatively aggregated at the end of each phase as 33,253 species for Phase 1 (2008), 38,011 species for Phase 2 (2011), 42,756 species for Phase 3 (2014), 49,027 species for Phase 4 (2017), and 54,428 species for Phase 5(2020). The number of indigenous species surveyed grew rapidly, showing an approximately 1.8-fold increase as the project progressed. These statistics showed an annual average of 2,320 newly recorded species during the project period. Among the recorded species, a total of 5,242 new species were reported in scientific publications, a great scientific achievement. During this project period, newly recorded species on the Korean Peninsula were identified using the recent taxonomic classifications as follows: 4,440 insect species (including 988 new species), 4,333 invertebrate species except for insects (including 1,492 new species), 98 vertebrate species (fish) (including nine new species), 309 plant species (including 176 vascular plant species, 133 bryophyte species, and 39 new species), 1,916 algae species (including 178 new species), 1,716 fungi and lichen species(including 309 new species), and 4,812 prokaryotic species (including 2,226 new species). The number of collected biological specimens in each phase was aggregated as follows: 247,226 for Phase 1 (2008), 207,827 for Phase 2 (2011), 287,133 for Phase 3 (2014), 244,920 for Phase 4(2017), and 144,333 for Phase 5(2020). A total of 1,131,439 specimens were obtained with an annual average of 75,429. More specifically, 281,054 insect specimens, 194,667 invertebrate specimens (except for insects), 40,100 fish specimens, 378,251 plant specimens, 140,490 algae specimens, 61,695 fungi specimens, and 35,182 prokaryotic specimens were collected. The cumulative number of researchers, which were nearly all professional taxonomists and graduate students majoring in taxonomy across the country, involved in this project was around 5,000, with an annual average of 395. The number of researchers/assistant researchers or mainly graduate students participating in Phase 1 was 597/268; 522/191 in Phase 2; 939/292 in Phase 3; 575/852 in Phase 4; and 601/1,097 in Phase 5. During this project period, 3,488 papers were published in major scientific journals. Of these, 2,320 papers were published in domestic journals and 1,168 papers were published in Science Citation Index(SCI) journals. During the project period, a total of 83.3 billion won (annual average of 5.5 billion won) or approximately US $75 million (annual average of US $5 million) was invested in investigating indigenous species and collecting specimens. This project was a large-scale research study led by the Korean government. It is considered to be a successful example of Korea's compressed development as it attracted almost all of the taxonomists in Korea and made remarkable achievements with a massive budget in a short time. The results from this project led to the National List of Species of Korea, where all species were organized by taxonomic classification. Information regarding the National List of Species of Korea is available to experts, students, and the general public (https://species.nibr.go.kr/index.do). The information, including descriptions, DNA sequences, habitats, distributions, ecological aspects, images, and multimedia, has been digitized, making contributions to scientific advancement in research fields such as phylogenetics and evolution. The species information also serves as a basis for projects aimed at species distribution and biological monitoring such as climate-sensitive biological indicator species. Moreover, the species information helps bio-industries search for useful biological resources. The most meaningful achievement of this project can be in providing support for nurturing young taxonomists like graduate students. This project has continued for the past 15 years and is still ongoing. Efforts to address issues, including species misidentification and invalid synonyms, still have to be made to enhance taxonomic research. Research needs to be conducted to investigate another 50,000 species out of the estimated 100,000 indigenous species on the Korean Peninsula.