• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2019

Objectives : The aim of this study was to explore the general characteristics and health risk factors of the low income single person household in elderly Korean population for target selection of Korean medicine public health promotion program. Methods : We collect the 826 low income over 65 years old participants data from 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The demographic, life habit, health status, medical history were used to compare the difference between single and multiple low income senior households. Results : All variables except drinking and smoking were statistically significant between single and multiple low income senior households. The health risk factors in single low income senior households were gender, overweight, Medicaid, annual drinking habit, diagnosis of diabetes. Conclusions : Through this study, we found out that the overweight, monthly drinking habit, diagnosis of diabetes were health risk factors in low income senior single households.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.549-558
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• 2022

The Indonesian Archipelago has a very complex geological history, along with equatorial warm sea temperature, resulting in diverse types of coral reefs and high diversity of coral reef fish. Many livelihoods of the coastal community are dependent on coral reef fisheries. The present study aimed to determine which region and location in the Indonesian Archipelago has the most diverse and abundant coral reef fish. The archipelago was divided into four regions: the Indian Ocean, Sunda Shelf, Wallacea, and the Pacific Ocean. Data were obtained from a national coral reef monitoring program of the Indonesian Research Center for Oceanography (RCO)-the National Board for Research and Innovation (BRIN). The reef fish data were collected using the underwater visual census method, from 321 belt transects on 24 locations (districts) across the archipelago. The results show that coral reef fish diversity of the Pacific region was the highest across the archipelago for all three trophic levels, i.e., corallivore, herbivore, and carnivore fish. The Pacific Ocean region also had the highest fish abundance for the three trophic levels. Comparison among locations revealed that the best ten locations in reef fish diversity and abundance were Sabang, Mentawai, Makassar, Selayar, Buton, Luwuk, Ternate, Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi. Wakatobi reefs showed their supremacy in carnivore fish diversity and abundance, while Biak reefs were the best in herbivore fish. The abundance of corallivore fish was also considerably high in Sabang reefs, but it is still lower than in Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi reefs. These results provide empirical evidence that the coral reefs of Wakatobi and Biak are the hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2010

We tried to establish the history of outbreaks and control methods of 'hwangchung' in Joseon Dynasty, uncovering the biological reality of the 'hwangchung' (called hwang or bihwang) analyzed through the Database program on 'the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty' and 'the Emollment of Haegoeje', two of the finest examples of classical historical records. The total number of articles on the outbreak of the hwangchung is 261 in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and 65 in the Emollment of Haegoeje. There were four peaks by hwangchung throughout the Joseon Era. Among them, the periods of King Taejo to King Sejong had the highest incidence. By comparing the number of records of the hwangchung from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty with that in the Emollment of Haegoeje during the same period, results show the former was less than the latter, 35 vs 65. However, both records were relatively inconsistent with each other. Insect pests in forests as well as in agriculture were included in the biological identities of the hwangchung in the Joseon Dynasty periods, which is in accordance with those of Saigo's. The taxonomic identity could be confirmed in only 25 cases (9.5%) among the articles on hwangchung. It largely coincided with Paik's opinion: II in armyworm, nine in moth larva, one in rice stem borer, two in migratory locust, one in planthopper and one in rice-plant weevil. Therefore, it is not reasonable to regard hwangchung as a migratory locust or grasshopper only. The number of reports on the occurrence of hwangchung in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty was 173 (66% of the total) and 47% of them were just simple reports, which means the report itself on the appearance of hwangchung was very significant. The reports on controlling insect pests were of low frequency, in 20% (34 cases) of the total reports, capturing insect pests or holding traditional ceremony called 'Poje'. Among them, only one case related to the treatment of seeds to prevent the damage by hwangchung was published in the King Sejong period. There were 37 discussions about changes and management of government policies due to disasters by hwangchung. They were mostly about relief or tax cut to the people who suffered damage and about cancellation of recruiting people to military training, constructing castles, and so on. It seems that not only the people but also the king was influenced by the hwangchung. In the case of King Seongjong, he referred to the stress of the prevention measure of locusts in 10 articles. The damage also had an effect on abdication in the reign of King Jeongjong.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.78-89
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore ways to improve developing exam questions for Earth science education by analyzing exam trend of Earth science education in the secondary-school teacher employment test (TET, hereafter). For this purpose, we developed an analysis framework to analyze items of Earth science education in the secondary-school TET, and this analysis framework covers required courses for 'theory of Earth science education' of 'Earth science teaching certificate courses'. The analysis framework consists of big categories, assessment domains, and assessment components. We divided system changes in secondary-school TET into 4 types, and analyzed exams of 2014-2018 school year, which is the existing exam system. According to the results, 22-24 points out of 80 have been allotted to Earth science education. Among assessment domains, Earth science Teaching & Learning domain has taken the highest percentage of scores and item numbers, followed by Earth science inquiry, history & philosophy of science, etc. For each domain, we analyzed exam tendencies in detail. Based the results, we suggested ways to improve developing exam questions for Earth science education in the secondary-school TET, and ways to improve curriculum for Earth science education in the teacher education program.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the guardian's experience about tepid massage of children who visited Pediatric Emergency Room (PER). Methods: Data for this study was collected from August 1 to September 30, 2009 using questionnaires of 300 guardians who visited a PER. All data analyses were done using the SPSS 17.0 program and statistical data on frequency and percentage were obtained. $x^2$ test was done as well. Results: The results of this study were as follows: 73.7% of the guardians were doing the tepid massage, and 40% of them were doing the tepid massage when guardians thought that their children had a fever. 8.6% of them were incorrectly doing the tepid massage on their children such as using ice or alcohol. 90.5% of the children's condition changed when they had the tepid massage applied. Only 48% of the guardians got information about tepid massage, and 52.8% of the guardians got this information from the medical team. There were significant differences according to the education background about tepid massage (p<.001) and past hospital admissions history. There were differences according to whether their child had experience with febrile seizure(p=.085) and having more than one child at home (p=.085). Conclusion: This study revealed that the guardians were incorrectly doing the tepid massage on their children. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop certain emergency nursing processes on accurate information and management strategies about tepid massage, and further studies on the effects of this kind education intervention are necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5539-5543
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• 2012

Objective: The smoking prevalence in Malaysia is high, especially among men and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors towards cigarette smoking among school teachers in Malaysia. Methodology: This study was a school-based cross-sectional study conducted among 495 secondary school teachers. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of 29 questions categorized into two sections: socio-demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program 13.0. ANOVA; t-tests were used in univariate analysis; multiple linear regression was applied for multivariate analysis. Results: The majority of the participants were female (81.6%), in the age group ranged between 30-39 years (44%), Malay (90.1%), married (89.7%), degree holders (85.1%), with monthly income ranged between 3000-3999 Ringgit Malaysia (33.5%), from urban areas (94.7%), their specialty is social studies (33.9%) and with no family history of cancer (83.6%). The prevalence of smoking among school teachers in Malaysia was found to be 7.8%. Regarding reasons to start smoking among school teachers: the major reason was found to be relaxation (33.3%), followed by stress-relief (28.2%). Univariate analysis showed that sex, educational status, monthly income and residency were significantly associated with smoking among school teachers (p<0.001, p=0.004, p=0.031, p=0.010; respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that gender and marital status were significantly associated with smoking among school teachers (p<0.001, p=0.033; respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking among school teachers in Malaysia was found to be relatively low. Sex, marital status, educational status, monthly income and residency were significantly associated with smoking among school teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.5-25
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• 2005

The most important goal of records management is to document the administrative responsibility of the institution producing records and its history. For this purpose, each institution needs to make a plan determining kind and value of phenomena and evidences to be documented, that is, a plan for documentation. This study was aimed to present its necessity and stretagy, focussing on the documentation of correlations with external factors surrounding National Assembly (external relations). Through literature survey, external relation functions of congress and important sources associated with their functions were analyzed. and what records were produced from those sources was investigated in the case of U.S. Congress. Comparing with the present state of National Assembly on this basis, four significant subjects to activate the external relations documentation plan in the point of institutional policy of National Assembly were proposed : legislation of documentation program of external relations, acquisition policy, advocacy enforcement for National Assembly Documentation, and establishment of cooperation and support systems with external factors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.375-389
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Self-foot Reflex Massage (SRM) programme on the physical condition and anxiety level of hypertension workers. The research was designed in the pre and post-test. Sample test was done in five workers with essential hypertension. They were divided in two groups:- Group A and Group B. The Self-foot Reflex Massage (SRM) was applied three times a week for Group A and five times a week for Group B. The SRM was given in 40 minutes each time for 4 weeks from the 1st of January to the 30th of April in 2001. In order to evaluate the effect on SRM. blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were measured as physical parameters and state trait anxiety inventory was used twice each time between before and after the exercise. The collected data was analysed by Mann-Whitney test with SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. Average age for the subjects were 39.8 (ranged from thirty-two to fifty-three) and average period of hypertension history was 42 months (ranged from twenty to eighty-four). 2. There was no significant difference between two examined groups in blood pressure. But, there was a significant difference in SRM of pre and post-test for two groups. 3. There was no significant difference in blood cholesterol between two groups and between pre and post-test. 4. State trait anxiety showed significant difference between pre and post-test except the results between two groups. This result suggests that SRM is effective on the decrease of systolic and diastolic pressure and the relief of state trait anxiety except for the blood cholesterol. Therefore, blood cholesterol is needed further evaluation in large subjects and longer period. Further research is regarded as necessary to evaluate and to compare the precise effects of SRM on the foot reflex massage (FRM) in anxiety.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Mushroom cultivation in Korea was launched in the early 1960's. At that time Korean government started a program for increasing cultivation of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes) to export agricultural products and to increase farm income. National research institutes under Rural Development Administration, Korea Forest Service, etc. play a leading role in mushroom industry as follows : Development and spread of genetically superior commercial strains, good spawns, and cultivation techniques. Training and field advice to lead farmers for mass production of high quality mushrooms. Political support of facilities and establishments for mushroom cultivation. Several mushrooms including oak mushroom, button mushroom, oyster mushroom, winter mushroom, Ganoderma, P. eryngii, etc. have been popularized for their cultivation techniques and produced in large quantities in the farm. According to a recent statistics, mushrooms have been grown by about 20,000 farm households, in Korea and the gross production of fresh mushrooms is estimated about 170,000 M/T. The gross production of oyster mushroom is the highest followed by winter mushroom, oak mushroom and button mushroom. The gross amount of mushroom production stands over 700 billion won. Thus, mushroom industry goes to the most important cash crop to be produced yearly.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.33-59
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• 2010

Library 2.0 advocates a socially rich, multimedia enabled, user originated and communally innovative environment that poses significant opportunities for the libraries to evolve and make themselves even more relevant and significant for her users. This paper presents a case study of the National Library Board of Singapore, in playing a vital role to facilitate the realisation of a long-term key national program, The Singapore Memory (SM) Project. SM embraces the attributes of the Library 2.0 environment to enable the nation's memory to be collected, organised, preserved, discovered, researched, augmented and created. The output of is an evolving collection of knowledge assets on Singapore along a Singapore Memory Content Continuum of existing content that is steadily augmented with new content. The content will be collected across all formats, in any language, from Singaporeans and non-Singaporeans, from any institution and agency, from Singapore and abroad, and from official and unofficial sources. The utopian scenario of SM Project is that any person, community, group or institution who has ever experienced Singapore in any way or has any material on Singapore will engage actively in the contribution, discovery and creation of content for the project, and thus become advocates to further encourage and catalyse more contribution, discovery and creation. The paper outlines the key approaches, concepts and ideas for the project. An important element is the proliferation, exposure and accessibility of the rich contents envisaged in the project. The SM proliferation plan along with examples of how two existing resources, namely, the Singapore Infopedia, a database of articles on Singapore's history, culture, people and events 4 and NewspaperSG, an online resource of current and historic Singapore and Malayan newspapers, have been designed are presented to demonstrate how content can be exposed, searched and discovered.