• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2013

Objectives : The number of North Korean refugees is remarkably increasing nowadays and there are many social and cultural issues related to their settlements in Korea. Stereotyping of group is generally unique and has influences on emotions and behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among stereotyping, emotion and service behavior of South Korean dentist towards North Korean refugee. Methods : Questionnaires for stereotyping, emotions and service behaviors were devised based on previous researches. Two-hundred and eighteen Korean dentists were randomly chosen and questionnaires were distributed. Correlation analysis, reliability analysis and primary component analysis were performed. Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were done to elucidate differences according to demographic factors. To examine the relationship among constructs, regression analysis was performed. Results : Stereotyping, emotions, and service behaviors are significantly related each other construct. South Korean dentists' stereotyping and emotions toward North Korean refugees are significantly different from those toward South Korean but service behavioral intentions were not different according to any demographic factor. Conclusions : The results imply that more contacts and education system are necessary to South Korean dentists to change their negative stereotyping and emotions toward North Korean refugees although their service behaviors are not affected at the moment.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.944-951
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• 2024

Objective: Parturition is crucial for dams, their calves, and cow managers. The prediction of calving time, which assists cow managers to decide on the relocation of cows to maternity pens and necessity of human supervision, is a pivotal aspect of livestock farming. However, existing methods of predicting calving time in dairy cows based on hormonal changes and clinical symptoms are time-consuming and yield unreliable predictions. Accordingly, we investigated whether heart rate variability (HRV) which is a non-invasive assessment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and behavior during the prepartum period would be useful for predicting calving time in dairy cows. Methods: Eight pregnant cows were surveilled under electrocardiogram and video recordings for HRV and behavioral analyses, respectively. HRV parameters in time and frequency domains were evaluated. A 24-h time budget was calculated for each of six types of behavior (standing and lying with or without rumination, sleeping, and eating). Results: Heart rate on calving day is considerably higher than those recorded on the days preceding calving. Low frequency power declined, whereas high frequency power escalated on the calving day compared to the period between 24 and 48 h before calving. The time budget for ruminating while lying decreased and that while standing increased markedly on the calving day compared to those allocated on the preceding days; nonetheless, the total time budget for ruminating did not differ during the prepartum period. Conclusion: We elucidated the ANS activity and behavioral profiles during prepartum period. Our results confirm that HRV parameters and behavior are useful for predicting calving time, and interestingly indicate that the time budget for ruminating while standing (or lying) may serve as a valuable predictor of calving. Collectively, our findings lay the foundation for future investigations to determine other potential predictors and formulate an algorithm for predicting calving time.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2002

Substantial evidence suggests that behavioral and reinforcing effects of cocaine can be mediated by the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Injections of cocaine can produce one of the immediate-early gene, c-fos expression in the brain and behavioral activation. Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely used for the treatment of many mental disorders such as drugs of abuse. In order to investigate whether acupuncture has an influence on cocaine-induced reinforcing and behavioral effects, we examined the effect of acupuncture on cocaine-induced locomotor activity and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum using Fos-like-immunoreactivity(FLI). Male SD rats received acupuncture for 1 min after injection of cocaine hydrochloride(1 mg/kg, i.v.). The employed acupuncture point, Shenmen$(HT_7)$, has been clinically used to treat mental and psychosomatic disorders. Injections of cocaine produced a marked increase in locomotor activity and FLI in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. Acupuncture at $HT_7$, but not at control points($PC_6,\;TE_4$ or tail), significantly attenuated cocaine-induced increase in locomotor activity and Fos-like immunoreactivity. These results demonstrated that reduction in locomotor activity by acupuncture may be reflected by reduction of postsynaptic neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. Our results suggest that acupuncture may have a therapeutic effect on cocaine addiction.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 2006

The author presents the history of introduction of biofeedback system into Korea, depending on his personal experience at the Seoul National University Hospital. He, as the witness of biofeedback applied to clinical psychiatry and research in Korea, maintains that biofeedback should receive much more attention filled with enthusiasm, particularly because of the rapid development of medical engineering backed up by the unimaginable progress of computer- and neuro-science.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 2014

Abnormal adaptation of the stress-response system following traumatic stress can lead to alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis that may contribute to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present study used several behavioral tests to investigate the anxiolytic-like and antidepressant activity of L-tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) in an experimental rat model of anxiety and depression induced by single prolonged stress (SPS), an animal model of PTSD. Male rats were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with vehicle or varied doses of THP 30 min prior to SPS for 8 consecutive days. Daily THP (50 mg/kg) administration significantly increased the number and duration of open arm visits in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, reduced the anxiety index, increased the risk assessment, and increased the number of head dips over the borders of the open arms after SPS. THP was also associated with increased time spent at the center of the open field, reduced grooming behaviors in the EPM test, and reduced time spent immobile in the forced swimming test (FST). It also blocked the decrease in neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the increase in corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) expression in the hypothalamus. This is the first study to determine that THP exerts pronounced anxiolytic-like and antidepressant effects on the development of the behavioral and biochemical symptoms associated with PTSD, indicating its prophylactic potential. Thus, THP reversed several behavioral impairments triggered by the traumatic stress of SPS and is a potential non-invasive therapeutic intervention for PTSD.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

This study is aimed to inspect how the different sensitivities in Behavioral activation system(BAS) and behavioral inhibition system(BIS) modulate on the properties of physiological responses stimulated by positive or negative affective sound. We measured the electroencephalogram(EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) of 32 students, consisted of four groups depending on the BAS and BIS sensitivities, during listening to meditation music or noise. The EEG was recorded at Fpl and Fp2 sites and Power spectral density(PSD) of HRV was derived from the ECG, and the power of HRV was calculated for 3 major frequency ranges(low frequency[LF], medium frequency and high frequency[HF]). After listening to music or noise, subjects reported the affect induced by the sound. For EEG, the power in the alpha band at Fp2, especially in the alpha-2 band(9.0-11.0 Hz) increased during the subjects listening to music, while the power at Fpl increased during noise. During listening to meditation music, there is a tendency that the left-sided activation in prefrontal cortex(PFC) is positively correlated with the difference of BAS(Z)-BIS(Z). During listening to noise, there is a tendency that the right-sided activation in PFC is dominant in case any of the sensitivity of BAS or BIS is high. For HRV, we found that the index of MF/(LF+HF), during listening to music, was higher significantly in the individuals with a low BIS but high BAS than in the individuals with a low sensitivity both BIS and BAS individuals. With high BIS, regardless of the BAS sensitivity, the difference of this index values was not significant. From these results we suggest that the physiological responses of different individuals in BAS and BIS react differently under the same emotionally provocative challenge.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.973-980
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• 2020

Various applied solutions utilizing the technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution are being applied to the health and welfare sector. In the proposed paper, the senior care system solution based on big data is designed. The principles of operation of the proposed system are collecting senior behavioral analyses through API information of smart devices, and sending a primary notification to the relevant senior in cases where a senior reacts differently from the existing standards. A system is proposed to prevent dangerous situations by providing information to peer seniors, family members, and the emergency center in cases where there is no response.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

Purpose - Recently, Korean companies have been struggling to perform well in the larger smartphone market in China, which is regarded as a blue ocean area. First, it is very important to accurately understand the Chinese consumers, who have a different consumption culture and value system from the Korean culture and system. This would help to identify priorities for the Chinese market. Further, considering the smartphone industry, where technological change is rapid, Korean companies will need to take prompt measures about market trends in order to establish strong competitiveness. Consequently, this study focused on analyzing the relationship between the variables of consumption value, satisfaction, and loyalty in the Chinese smartphone market. The principal dimensions of consumption value, which smartphones have, was analyzed, and the influence on satisfaction was identified. Moreover, the relationship among the variables of satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty, and behavioral loyalty was empirically analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology - This study examined the relationships between various consumption values (functional value, emotional value, social value, epistemic value, and economic value), along with satisfaction and loyalty. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey that was circulated to 310 customers who were users of smartphones in Chingdao and Yeontae regions in China. The survey was conducted from June 23 to August 4, 2013. A total of 301 responses to the questionnaires were collected and used for the data analysis. Moreover, a path analysis based on Lisrel 8.54 was used for the hypothesis test. Results - The variables of functional value, emotional value, social value, and epistemic value were revealed to have positive effects on satisfaction related to smartphone usage. However, the variables of monetary cost and psychological cost were not found to have negative effects on satisfaction related to smartphone usage. Moreover, satisfaction positively influenced attitudinal loyalty related to smartphone usage, but did not have a significant influence on behavioral loyalty related to smartphone usage. Specifically, satisfaction is essential, but not a sufficient condition for building behavioral loyalty in relation to smartphone usage. In addition, attitudinal loyalty positively influenced behavioral loyalty in relation to smartphone usage. Conclusions - First, this study shows that functional value, emotional value, social value, and epistemic value in relation to smartphone usage are important for marketing in the Chinese smartphone market. Particularly, functional value and emotional value play pre-eminent roles as regards customer loyalty in the use of smartphones. Second, the results of this study reveal that the variables of monetary cost and psychological cost are not important to the Chinese consumers. Specifically, the smartphone price and cognitive effort are not perceived as value barriers. Third, satisfaction did not guarantee behavioral loyalty in relation to smartphone usage, and the strategic approach for improving the repurchase and referral action in relation to smartphones based on solid attitudinal loyalty would be desirable and should be the focus of the marketing activities of Korean smartphone companies.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.95-109
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to classify the quality factors of coffee shop customers with the service quality based on the SERVQUAL, selection attributes, and service qualities used in previous studies. The path structure of coffee shops' quality factors → customer satisfaction → trust → behavioral intention was analyzed in order to confirm the system of coffee shops' quality factors. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey of was conducted with college students of Kangwon University. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed, with 232 collected. Of them, Excluding 36 respondents' because of incomplete answers and missing values, 196 responses were used in the final analysis. Empirical analysis was made through factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, simple regression analysis and mediating regression analysis by using Statistics Package SPSS 19.0. Results - The results are as follows: Firstly, coffee shops' quality factors were classified into seven categories like service encounter quality, product quality, cleanliness, overall interior, purchase quality, convenience, and aesthetics. Secondly, service encounter quality, product quality, purchase quality, and aesthetics had a positive effect on customer satisfaction, respectively. Thirdly, it showed that service encounter quality, product quality, overall interior, purchase quality, and aesthetics had a positive effect on trust, respectively. Fourthly, customer satisfaction had a positive effect on behavioral intention. Lastly, after verifying the effect relations of trust between customer satisfaction about coffee shop and behavioral intention, customer satisfaction has a positive effect on trust and trust has a positive effect on behavioral intention. On the other hand, trust did not have a mediating effect between customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. But, cleanliness, convenience, and overall interior did not have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Conclusions - Coffee shop consumers put importance on price, discount systems, taste, and freshness, but more on courteous and kind services of coffee shop staff or comfortable and calming atmosphere of inner space. Thereby, coffee shop marketers need to take factors like service encounter quality and aesthetics into more consideration. In addition, customer satisfaction has an effect on trust, while trust on behavioral intention, even though trust is not mediated between customer satisfaction and behavior intention.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to understand the internal and external responses that consumers experience when they are exposed to an innovative system in retail stores. This study considered the SST(Self-Service Technology) system in a retail setting as a type of functional environmental stimuli and selected a smart shopping cart as an example of SST system. The influences of functional environmental stimuli on consumers' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses were examined by applying S-O-R model. In addition, this study attempted to extend the traditional S-O-R model by (a) incorporating personal characteristics variables such as time pressure and perceived crowding and (b) considering not only emotional but also cognitive aspects of consumers' internal responses. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study used a video-scenario technique. Participants watched a video about grocery shopping situations using a smart shopping cart and responded to their emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses. An online survey was conducted using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 185). All participants were US consumers over 20 years old and had been shopping at the grocery store in the last month. Data were analyzed through structural equations modeling with AMOS 20. Results: Test results showed that consumers who perceived higher levels of time pressure and perceived crowding in usual shopping situations were more likely to evaluate the SST system favorably. The results showed that personal characteristics have a significant impact on consumers' evaluation of functional environmental stimuli in retail setting. As consumers evaluated the SST system favorably, they experienced more positive affect and less negative affect during their shopping behaviors. Positive affect led to good service quality inference, which further increased patronize intention. However, negative affect did not show a significant impact on service quality inference, but only on patronize intention. Conclusions: This study attempted to investigate the influence of SST system by extending the traditional S-O-R model. This study classified the SST system as functional environmental stimulus of retail stores and analyzed the effect of stimulus on consumers' internal and external responses. The results of this study showed that the introduction of innovative SST can serve as an effective store differentiation strategy in an increasingly competitive retail environment.