• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

The origin of a submucosal tumor is difficult to determine by endoscopic biopsy. One type of submucosal tumor, which originates in Schwann cell, a schwannoma represents 0.2% of all gastric tumors. We experienced the case of a 57-year-old female patient with a gastric schwannoma presenting with melena and anemia. Computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a protruded huge mass from 3 cm below the cardia to angle. Seven endoscopic biopsies indicated only necrotic debri and granulation tissue, chronic gastritis. Because we suspected an advanced gastric cancer, or lymphoma with bleeding, It was performed an operation for an exact diagnosis and a treatment for bleeding. A-post-operative histopathological, immunohistochemical examination led to the final diagnosis of a gastric schwannoma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2007

Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor typically originated in the schwann cell of vestibular nerve and usually accompany hearing symptom. Microsurgical removal and radiosurgery have a great role for the treatment of VS. Recently radiosurgery has been considered as an alternative or primary treatment for VS with the tremendous increase of patients who were treated with gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) though microsurgery still takes the premier. By many published results, it is proved that GKS is a effective and noninvasive technique for VS, especially small sized tumors with satisfactory tumor control rate. The authors assumed that GKS can be expected to achieve satisfactory tumor control rate for small VS under 5cc in volume. A major interest regarding radiosurgery nowadays is to determine the optimal radiation dose for hearing preservation to improve the quality of life of patients. The more high radiation dose are used for effective tumor growth control, the more radiation-related complications like as hearing deficit, the impairment of other cranial nerve function are increased. Since 1990's the mean radiation dose for tumor margin was more than 18 Gy, but there were high complication rate in spite of good tumor growth control. After the year of 2000, under the influence of advanced neuro-imaging techniques and radiosurgical planning system which enable clinicians to do more precise planning, marginal dose for VS has been decreased to 12-13 Gy and the radiation-related complications has been reduced. But because there may be a unexpected radiation induced complications as time goes by after the latency period, optimal radiation dose for VS should be established on the basis of more long term follow-up observation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.228-231
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• 2010

Schwannoma is a relatively uncommon, slow-growing benign tumor that is derived apparently from the Schwann cell. Tongue originated schwannomas are exceedingly rare within 1% and therefore often are not immediately included in the differential diagnosis and oral cavity tumors. In the current study, authors report a case of a schwannoma located at the tongue of a 49 years old patient treated by complete surgical excision. The patient is under clinical control, with no signs of recurrence even after 6 months.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.86-88
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• 2014

A schwannoma is a benign soft tissue tumor arising from the nerve sheath of a Schwann cell. Clinically, a schwannoma is an asymptomatic mass rarely causing neurologic deficits. However, it can cause discomfort as well as motor and sensory disturbances by compressing the nerve of its origin. The authors encountered a huge schwannoma arising from the median nerve at the proximal forearm, which caused symptoms mainly in the ulnar nerve. The tingling sensation along the ulnar nerve disappeared completely after enucleation of the schwannoma originating from the median nerve.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 1999

Neurinoma originates from any nerve covered with a Schwann cell sheath and can occur in any cranial, sympathetic, or peripheral nerve. Hypoglossal neurinomas are rare and most of them are intracranial, but they may extend extracranially. Most intracranial neurinoma arise from the sensory division of cranial nerve but a motor nerve such as hypoglossal nerve is rarely involved. Although the typical sign of hypoglossal neurinoma is ipsilateral hemiatrophy of the tongue, it is easily overlooked. For the diagnosis of hypoglossal nerve tumor, CT scanning with contrast enhancement and MRI should be included, and they are greatly aids in planning the radical removal of the tumor. We experienced a case of intracranial hypoglossal neurinoma with extracranial extension in a 43-year-old woman. The patient showed otherwise unremarkable except 4 months history of right infraauricular mass and right tongue hemiatrophy. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for local diagnosis was valuable and we could remove the mass by one stage operation via suboccipital transcervical approach.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.375-395
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• 2006

Purpose: Lingual nerve (LN) damage may be caused by either tumor resection or injury such as wisdom tooth extraction, Although autologous nerve graft is sometimes used to repair the damaged nerve, it has the disadvantage of necessity of another operation for nerve harvesting. Moreover, the results of nerve grafting is not satisfactory. The nerve growth factor (NGF) is well-known to play a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration and its local delivery to the injured nerve has been continuously tried to enhance nerve regeneration. However, its application has limitations like repeated administration due to short half life of 30 minutes and an in vivo delivery model must allow for direct and local delivery. The aim of this study was to construct a well-functioning $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus for the ultimate development of improved method to promote peripheral nerve regeneration with enhanced and extended secretion of hNGF from the injured nerve by injecting $rhNGF-{\beta}$ gene directly into crush-injured LN in rat model. Materials and Methods: $hNGF-{\beta}$ gene was prepared from fetal brain cDNA library and cloned into E1/E3 deleted adenoviral vector which contains green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene as a reporter. After large scale production and purification of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, transfection efficiency and its expression at various cells (primary cultured Schwann cells, HEK293 cells, Schwann cell lines, NIH3T3 and CRH cells) were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy, RT-PCR, ELISA, immunocytochemistry. Furthermore, the function of rhNGF-beta, which was secreted from various cells infected with $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, was evaluated using neuritogenesis of PC-12 cells. For in vivo evaluation of efficacy of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus, the LNs of 8-week old rats were exposed and crush-injured with a small hemostat for 10 seconds. After the injury, $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus($2{\mu}l,\;1.5{\times}10^{11}pfu$) or saline was administered into the crushed site in the experimental (n=24) and the control group (n=24), respectively. Sham operation of another group of rats (n=9) was performed without administration of either saline or adenovirus. The taste recovery and the change of fungiform papilla were studied at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Each of the 6 animals was tested with different solutions (0.1M NaCl, 0.1M sucrose, 0.01M QHCl, or 0.01M HCl) by two-bottle test paradigm and the number of papilla was counted using SEM picture of tongue dorsum. LN was explored at the same interval as taste study and evaluated electro-physiologically (peak voltage and nerve conduction velocity) and histomorphometrically (axon count, myelin thickness). Results: The recombinant adenovirus vector carrying $rhNGF-{\beta}$ was constructed and confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequence analysis. GFP expression was observed in 90% of $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected cells compared with uninfected cells. Total mRNA isolated from $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected cells showed strong RT-PCR band, however uninfected or LacZ recombinant adenovirus infected cells did not. NGF quantification by ELISA showed a maximal release of $18865.4{\pm}310.9pg/ml$ NGF at the 4th day and stably continued till 14 days by $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected Schwann cells. PC-12 cells exposed to media with $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus infected Schwann cell revealed at the same level of neurite-extension as the commercial NGF did. $rhNGF-{\beta}$ adenovirus injected experimental groups in comparison to the control group exhibited different taste preference ratio. Salty, sweet and sour taste preference ratio were significantly different after 2 weeks from the beginning of the experiment, which were similar to the sham group, but not to the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.228-233
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• 2004

Summary: The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(MPNST) is an aggressive neoplasm and can either arise independently or result from malignant change in preexisting neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). Its histologic characteristics remain controversial, but currently it is believed that the schwann cell is the origin of the peripheral nerve sheath tumors. MPNST is an uncommon neoplasm of the head and neck region, and its presentation in the oral cavity is quite rare. In this study, we report a patient with a rare case of a MPNST involving the maxilla. A case report: A 29-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of painless swelling with bleeding tendency on the left maxillary tuberosity area 2 months ago. Clinical examination showed a $5.0{\times}3.0cm^2$ sized, indurative swelling on the site. Conventional radiographs showed a relatively well-defined soft tissue mass involving the left maxillary sinus, and destruction of the anterior, posterolateral walls of the left maxillary sinus. Subtotal maxillectomy and split-thickness skin graft from thigh were undertaken. In histochemical and immunohistochemical studies, the specimen revealed positive reactivities to Vimentin and S-100 protein. Final diagnosis was made as MPNST.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2005

Both neurilemmoma and neurofibroma are originated from Schwann cell. Plexiform tumor was mostly neurofibroma but Neurilemmoma which has plexiform is extremely rare. So it is important to differentiate plexiform neurilemmoma from plexiform neurofibroma, because plexiform neurilemmoma appears to have neither a significant association with neurofibromatosis nor a propensity for malignant transformation. We report two cases of plexiform neurilemmoma involving the left arm and right foot.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.494-497
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• 2011

Purpose: Schwannoma, a benign peripheral nerve tumor, is slow-growing, encapsulated neoplasm that originates from the Schwann cell of the nerve sheath. Schwannoma most frequently involves the major nerve. Schwannoma occurring in the superficial radial nerve rare. This is a report of our experience with schwannoma arising from the superficial radial nerve with neurologic symptom. Methods: A 55-year-old woman presented with eight-month history of progressive numbness and paresthesia in dorsum of the thumb and index finger. Physical examination revealed a localized mass on the midforearm. Sonographic examination showed an ovoid, heterogenous, hypoechoic lesion, located eccentrically in related to the superficial radial nerve. The lesion was mobile in the transverse but not in the longitudinal axis of the nerve, which was thought to favour schwannoma rather than neurofibroma. At operation, a $20{\times}15mm$ ovoid, yellowish grey mass was seen arising from the superficial radial nerve. The tumor present as eccentric masses over which the nerve fibers are splayed. Using operating microscope, the tumor was removed, preserving the surrounding nerve. Results: Histology confirmed that the mass was a benign schwannoma. There were no postoperative complications. After two months the patient had no clinically demonstrable sensory deficit. Conclusion: An unsusual case of a schwannoma of the superficial radial nerve is presented. In case with neurologic symptom, prompt surgical decompression must be made to prevent further nerve damage and to restore nerve function early.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.58-62
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• 2007

Schwannoma is a benign well-encapsulated tumors arising from the sheath of Schwann cell of the peripheral motors, sensory, and cranial nerves, but not from the optic and olfactory nerves. Since it is relatively common in the head and neck region, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of head and neck tumor. However, reports of laryngeal involvement have rarely appeared in the literature. We have experienced a 50-year old woman and 39-year old woman with history of progressive voice change. We recognized a benign mass at the false cord area with the telelaryngoscope and CT. The tumors were successfully removed by transoral CO2 laser resection without tracheotomy.