• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2011

Purpose: This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of laugher therapy on the pain, depression and sleep disturbance in elderly patients who admitted in long term care facility. Method: This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A sample of 40 elderly patients (20: experimental group, 20: control group, 65 or older) were recruited. Visual analogue scale was used to measure level of pain level, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version (GDSSF-K) for depression. Sleep Scale for sleep. The laugher therapy was given twice a week for four weeks (8 times). Each therapy consists of preparatory, action and finishing stage. Data were analyzed by PASW 18.0. Results: The pain score in experimental group was significantly different from that in control group (t=4.17, p<.001). The level of depression in experimental group was significantly different from that in control group (Z=4.12, p<.000). The level of sleep in experimental group was not significantly different from that in control group (Z=-1.43, p<.152). Conclusion: A laugher therapy is expected to be practical used an efficient method of a nursing intervention to elderly patients in long term care facility.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigates human error accidents in the Korean railway sector, emphasizing the need for systematic management to prevent such incidents, which can have fatal consequences, especially in driving-related jobs. Research design, data and methodology: This paper analyzed data from the Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board and the Korea Transportation Safety Authority, examining 240 human error accidents that occurred over the last five years (2018-2022). The analysis focused on accidents in the driving, facility, electric, and control fields. Results: The findings indicate that the majority of human error accidents stem from negligence in confirmation checks, issues with work methods, and oversight in facility maintenance. In the driving field, errors such as signal check neglect and braking failures are prevalent, while in the facility and electric fields, the main issues are maintenance delays and neglect of safety measures. Conclusions: The paper concludes that human error accidents are complex and multifaceted, often resulting from a high workload on engineers and systemic issues within the railway system. Future research should delve into the causal relationships of these accidents and develop targeted prevention strategies through improved work processes, education, and training.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Purpose: Grafting new hanok-style application technology on child daycare facility among public buildings can be an alternative that provides infant facility, which is placed at the center of social attention and interest, with pleasant nursing environment. Besides, it is expected to have a great impact on infants' and young children's emotion by helping them recognize traditional culture at early stage and furthermore can be used for villagers to experience differentiated traditional culture. Method: To investigate the recent construction of HeungCheon/SuRak/GeumGwa's Hanok child daycare facility recognizing for architectural planning characteristics in common tendency Hanok that presents a physical improvement plan for preparing the continued competitiveness. Also attention to the creative expression of the traditional spaces about the natural environment are implemented in Nurseries and we propose the possibilities that can be realized in the future Hanok child daycare facility. Result: The combination of modern materials and modern construction technology of New-hanok method with improved ability has improved the shortcomings of traditional architecture and increase the ease and safety of traditional architecture succeed the suggest direction of improvement modern society. Therefore, Hanok child daycare facility is preparing adequate capability to solve regional polarization and social care issues.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.463-479
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• 2007

A series of wind tunnel sectional model dynamic tests of a twin-deck bridge were conducted at the CLP Power Wind/Wave Tunnel Facility (WWTF) of The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) to investigate the effects of gap-width on the self-excited vibrations and the dynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of the bridge. Five 2.9 m long models with different gap-widths were fabricated and suspended in the wind tunnel to simulate a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) bridge dynamic system, free to vibrate in both vertical and torsional directions. The mass, vertical frequency, and the torsional-to-vertical frequency ratio of the 2DOF systems were fixed to emphasize the effects of gap-width. A free-vibration test methodology was employed and the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) was utilized to extract the eight flutter derivatives and the modal parameters from the coupled free-decay responses. The results of the zero gap-width configuration were in reasonable agreement with the theoretical values for an ideal thin flat plate in smooth flow and the published results of models with similar cross-sections, thus validating the experimental and analytical techniques utilized in this study. The methodology was further verified by the comparison between the measured and predicted free-decay responses. A comparison of results for different gap-widths revealed that variations of the gap-width mainly affect the torsional damping property, and that the configurations with greater gap-widths show a higher torsional damping ratio and hence stronger aerodynamic stability of the bridge.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.390-397
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• 2021

As digital twin technology is applied to various industrial fields, technologies to effectively process large amounts of data are required. In this paper, we discuss a customized service method for fast search and effective delivery of large-scale data for underground facility for public utilities management. The proposed schemes are divided into two ways: a fast search data generation method and a customized information service segmentation method to efficiently search and abbreviate vast amounts of data. In the high-speed search data generation, we discuss the configuration of the synchronization process for the time series analysis of the sensors collected in the underground facility and the additional information method according to the data reduction. In the user-customized service method, we define the types of users in normal and disaster situations, and discuss how to service them accordingly. Through this study, it is expected to be able to develop a systematic data generation and service model for the management of underground utilities that can effectively search and receive large-scale data in a disaster situation.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2008

A classroom is very crucial space for teaching and learning in school facility. In planning of these spaces, it is analyzed by investigating the present status and surveying the phenomena that students who are users psychologically feel about a classroom, the degree of a classroom's complying with the administration of the 7th curriculum, the contents of curriculum to sincerely approach the primary purpose of education and the results as below were obtained by integrating established cases of study. 1) The classroom of a course that is for exclusive use for administration of curriculum by the level and a class-based classroom is necessary for the administration of the 7th curriculum in the type of a classroom. 2) The scope of learning group for a class by the level is as below as a result of consideration of psychologically stable range of teachers and students who are faithful to curriculum. 3) The scale of classroom that is efficient in administration of curriculum and is psychologically stable is as below. As the result of this study, the capacity of a classroom in high school from now should be designed below 25 students for teachers to be faithful to the administration of curriculum and the classroom should be recognized as being not only for learning but also the space that students live in and in the space plan of a classroom from now, the psychological and mental satisfaction of teachers and students as well as physical satisfaction such as the scale of facility and the array of desks should be considered and the study in support of this is judged to be continued.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.311-314
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• 2005

Supply chain optimization is one of the most important components in the optimization of a company's value chain. This paper considers the problem of designing the supply chain for a product that is represented as an assembly bill of material (BOM). In this problem we are required to identify the locations at which different components of the product arc are produced/assembled. The objective is to minimize the overall cost, which comprises production, inventory holding and transportation costs. We assume that production locations are known and that the inventory policy is a base stock policy. We first formulate the problem as a 0-1 nonlinear integer programming model and show that it can be reformulated as a 0-1 linear integer programming model with an exponential number of decision variables.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.5-15
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• 2000

As the core of community, schools should play not only for the educational facilities but also for the public facilities. With the mixture of those facilities, the people in the community are able to use these facilities conveniently. The students could also make the best use of the school with the well-established facilities for sport and cultural functions. With those consideration in mind, this study aims to identify the planning feature of mixed-use school. Firstly, the concept of mixed-use and the typology of the development are reviewed. The pre-condition for the design of the mixed-use school are also studied with consideration of the planning tendencies of mixed-use schools in four countries(UK, USA, Japan and Korea). Secondly, eight case schools are selected in Japan and Korea. We analyzed them in terms of following three aspects; 1) The major functions to combine with school design, 2) The spatial arrangement how different functions could be connected in horizontal and vertical order, 3) The circulation system with which students and different user are able to access separately to those function.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2010

Educational environments in rural areas have been slowly deteriorating due to the popular flow of people moving into the city from the countryside. It has been concluded that superannuated educational facilities have a negative influence towards students. This research has been conducted in order to give better mental or psychological influence to those around and comfort and relaxation to the students themselves through developing new ways to renovate the $fa\c{c}ade$ of the run down educational facility. This research develops several structural and ecological (environmental friendly) elements which are used as several segmental elements of the new $fa\c{c}ade$ design for the degraded educational facilities. A combination of these design elements can develop many viable alternatives of a new $fa\c{c}ade$ renovation. These new renovations can help students to maintain their educational and social lives in a safer and more ecological environment.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.573-581
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• 2019

Excavation of underground cavern and shaft was proposed for the construction of a ventilation facility in an urban area. A shaft connects the street-level air plenum to an underground cavern, which extends down approximately 46 m below the street surface. At the project site, the rock mass was relatively strong and well-defined joint sets were present. A kinematic block stability analysis was first performed to estimate the required reinforcement system. Then a 3-D discontinuum numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the capacity of the initial support and the overall stability of the required excavation, followed by a 3-D continuum numerical analysis to complement the calculated result. This paper illustrates the application of detailed numerical analyses to the design of the required initial support system for the stability of underground hard rock mining at a relatively shallow depth.