• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.628-638
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• 2002

The handicapped frequently suffer from inappropriate food intake often resulting in overweightness, malnutrition, and poor growth and development. Our study was done on 7 to 12 year old mentally retarded children attending a special education school in Seoul. We administered questionnaire surveys and 3-day dietary recalls of the subjects, with help when needed from their stay-at home or their care-giving teachers. The questionnaires covered the general characteristics and dietary behaviors of the subjects. The degrees of handicap of the 142 children ranged from the trainable (54.9%), the educable (31.0%), and the non-trainable (14.1%). Of the children studied, 70.4% had ‘breakfast always’, which was higher than normal. Appetites were highest in the Down's Syndrome group. We found that the more serious the handicap, the higher the breakfast eating ratio and appetite level. The main reason for their missing breakfast differed according to the handicap level: ‘late rising’in the educable and non-trainable groups but ‘no appetite’in the trainable group. Most of the children (52.2%) spent less than 20 minutes eating their meals, the parents described their children's dietary habit problems as a pica (22:3%) or overeating (17.3%) , and they indicated that teaching the children how to use spoons and chopsticks (33.1%) was the most stressful. Actually more than 85% of the subjects could not use chopsticks, and skill of using cutlery was significantly different according to the degree of handicap. The food preference for milk products was the highest. It was interesting that the handicapped who had serious food pica didn't like food groups such as grains/starches, meats/fishes/eggs/beans or vegetables/fruits.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.473-482
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• 2005

We think that the class homepage can be solution for the problems in the cyber space or on-line community because students can practice activities in the on-line community, communicate with teachers or colleague, exchange opinions with parents and use it for learning. However, students would lose interest easily in the existing class homepage for lack of its immersion elements as compared with the commercial on-line communities. The class homepage needs to have immersion elements to reach its purpose. It is one of the solutions to use the avatars. Therefore, we studied on the influence of the avatars as the immersion of the elementary class homepage and the students cyber-self. As a result, we knew that the avatars can act enough as immersion element to achieve construction purpose of the class homepage and that use avatar helps in affirmative cyber self formation of elementary students.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.372-384
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• 2007

The purposes of this study was to analyze qualitatively changes in students' experience and perceptions in relation to studying science using portfolios and any resultant effects on the portfolio itself. Five fourth-grade elementary students from one small city participated in this study. Data was collected through interviews as well as through student portfolios containing the science content matter of two units over two weeks. Observational diaries recorded by a teacher were also used to test the reliability of data collection. All interviews with students were transcribed to develop a suitable network to categorize students' responses. Students' portfolios were analyzed in order to reveal their essential characteristics in combination with their teacher's observational diaries. The results were as follows. First, student perceptions of their portfolios were categorized into three different levels; superficial, extended, and moderate perceptions. The changes in perception could also be divided into three levels; consistent-superficial, unstable, and a progressive-extended pattern. Second, the experience of students with their portfolio were investigated in terms of the following; successfully completing the elements of the portfolio, development of evidence, interaction with peers, teachers, and parents, and the standards of evaluation used for the portfolios. Third, the perceptions and experience of working on the portfolio by students had a number of direct effects on the way in which students actually created and developed their portfolios. Finally, students with positive attitudes towards their portfolios actively participated in the portfolio experience and finally understood what it meant completely. However, students with negative attitudes regarding portfolio based work, did not leave the experience with any heightened awareness of the utility or indeed, purpose of portfolio based work.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.355-369
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• 2014

The in-law relationship traditionally plays a major role in Korean marriages and families because parents-in-law prefer to stay with their son under the same roof. The recent spike in the number of intercultural matches in South Korea may be provoking changes in the traditional family experience. The object of this qualitative study was to explore the contextual factors causing conflicts between mothers-in-law and their daughters-in-law in multicultural families. Six mother and daughter in-law dyads from rural areas of South Korea were recruited and interviewed. We found that the mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law had had different motives for the marriage at first. Five major themes emerged from the analysis of the dyadic interviews: the conflicts of the participants were embedded in the alternative family formation, in financial strains and the power structure, barriers in communication, cultural insensitivity and conflicts between value systems, as well as in role conflicts due to differing role expectations and hegemony. In conclusion, the authors of this study suggest that increasing cultural sensitivity and communication skills in immigrant daughter-in-law an Korean mother-in-law relationships will be crucial for a healthy in-law relationship. The need for the availability of Multicultural Family Centers' services in the community was highlighted. In order for mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law to form positive relationships, it is important to facilitate a variety of easily accessible educational programs in the community focusing on fostering the mother-in-law's understanding of the daughter-in-law's perspective.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.65-76
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• 2015

This study attempts to investigate the parent's perception types of online game and their related factors. The data was collected through the online survey from 485 parents. As a result, the parent's perception types of online game were classified as 4 types. Each perception type shows differences in an attitude and reaction to online game and gender. Next, this study employed a multinomial logistic regression model to examine variables influencing the parent's perception types of online game. The result shows that parent's gender, controlling parental style, and problematic communication have statistically significant effects on the parent's perception types of online game. This study holds its significance in considering the game use of children in the context of parent-child relationship by exploring the parent's perception of online game and its influencing variables.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.234-242
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• 1999

The meaning of the study is in the following points. The first is to find the linguistic development of children through IQ test. The second is to find the family fostering factor for the linguistic development. For these meaning this study will have the following aims. 1) To judge the similarly agreement between the children lexical ability with the teachers evaluation to the children. 2) To compare the gender differences of lexical abilities between the urban with the rural. 3) To find the family fostering factors for the children linguistic development. The collection data has been from April 13, 1999 to April 27. The subjects for this study were two grade of elementary school, which is located in "K" city and "O"rural a chosen students(273), teachers(5), parents(176). The instruments used for this study were IQ test by Korea Behavioral Science institute and family fostering environment 25 items. Teachers linguistic evaluation. The data analysis was done using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS/pc program. This study found following results. 1) The similarly agreement degree between children lexical abilities with teachers comprehending evaluation maler r= .745, female r=0.809 The similarly agreement degree between children lexical abilities with teachers expressing evaluation, male r= .657, female r= .797(P<.01) 2) In comparing of the gender difference of urban, the femail is a little high than male(t= .5065), but the especial point is more large difference in male than in female. In comparing of the gender difference of rural, the female is especial high than the male(t=-4.411). (P<.01) 3) The higher factor of influencing the linguistic development is the breast-feeding(r=-.3279) in all the gender(P<.01), So that the brast-feeding better than cow's milk, mother better than the other family members in feeding, 6~8months better than one or two years in feeding term.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.35-48
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between attachment and automatic thoughts of adolescents. A sample of 443 students at middle and high schools participated. Adolescents reported parent and peer attachment using the modified version of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) and automatic thoughts using the modified version of Automatic Thought Questionnaire (Hollon & Kendall, 1980; Ingram & Wisnicki, 1988). Multiple regression analyses indicated that effects of attachments were different by the type of automatic thoughts. Specifically, trust in peer relations, trust in father-adolescent relations and communication in mother-adolescent relations were important predictors of positive automatic thought, whereas alienation in father-adolescent relations, alienation in peer relations and trust in mother-adolescent relations were important predictors of negative automatic thought.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2002

This study examined different individual and environmental factors that affect children's experience of harassment from their peers. For the individual variables, gender, behavioral problems, and self-esteem were included in the anal)'sis. For the family variables, mother's parenting style and the socio-economic status of parents were examined, and for the school variables, the supervision of the teacher and the attitudes of the classmates toward bullying were used. Two forms of peer harassment, the overt form and the relational form were examined in this study. The sample consisted of 520 fifth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Several major relationships were found from the analyses. First, the more the children tend to internalize behavioral problems and have lower self-esteem, the more likely they are to get victimized by overt and relational forms of harassment. Boys experience more overt harassment than girls. Second, the more the mother's parenting style is permissive-nonintervening, or rejecting-restricting, and the higher the father's social status is, the more likely the child is subjected to overt and relational forms of harassment. Third, the more the children feel that the teacher is paying attention to bullying, the less the children are subjected to the overt form of peer harassment. Fourth, children's internalizing behavioral problems, mother's permissiveness-nonintervention, children's self-esteem, children's gender, and the supervision of the teacher regarding bullying significantly affected the experience of overt forms of harassment. A twenty two percent variance in the victimization of an overt form was explained by those variables. Children's internalizing behavioral problems, mother's permissiveness-nonintervention, children's self-esteem, and mother's rejection-restriction significantly affected the experience of relational form of peers harassment. Twenty six percent of the variance in the relational form of victimization was explained by those variables.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.215-222
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• 2013

This study aims to provide future direction recognizing the educational importance and to present the way ahead that practices correctly for improving an educational role on security sector to prevent child missing. Therefore, it was conducted with questionnaire that is "Research on participation grade of education to prevent child missing and the actual condition" made by researcher of this study which is on 363of parents of pre-chirdren of 6,7 and 8years old in a kindergarten and an elementary school where is located in metropolitan area. It operated to take processing enterprise statistics using SPSS/WIN 12.0 for getting data, and analyzed frequency and t-verification.It investigated correct selection of an education specialist on preventive education and participation grade of education to prevent missing on home, how often, how it is conducted, then what requirement for educationto prevent child missing and participation grade is, whether difference is in accordance with gender of parentsand gender of child.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.301-307
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• 2016

Objectives: This study investigated the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 4141 biethnic adolescents using data from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Perceived ethnic discrimination was measured using the question "Have you ever been discriminated against or ignored because either of your parents is not a Korean?" with an assessment of depressive symptoms over the past 12 months. Logistic regression was applied to examine potential associations between perceived ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms. Results: Among 4141 biethnic adolescents, 558 (13.5%) reported having experienced ethnic discrimination. The most common discriminatory perpetrators were friends (n=241, 5.8%), followed by strangers (n=67, 1.6%). Depressive symptoms were related to experience of ethnic discrimination (odds ratio [OR], 3.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.89 to 4.98) after adjusting for potential confounders. In an analysis focusing on the perpetrators of discrimination, depressive symptoms were found to be associated with perceived ethnic discrimination from friends (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.75 to 5.68), teachers (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 2.16 to 9.51), family members and relatives (OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.59 to 9.48), neighbors (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.14 to 5.38), and strangers (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.30 to 4.79). Furthermore, the OR for depressive symptoms among those exposed to 1, 2, or 3 or more discriminatory perpetrators were 3.61 (95% CI, 2.49 to 5.24), 3.61 (95% CI, 1.68 to 7.74), and 6.69 (95% CI, 2.94 to 15.22), respectively. Conclusions: According to our findings, friends were the most common perpetrators of discrimination and the experience of ethnic discrimination was associated with depressive symptoms among biethnic adolescents in South Korea.