• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.187-204
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of care-oriented morality and justice-oriented morality with gender and sex-role identity in high school students. Care-oriented morality was assessed by Modified Care-based Morality Measure based on Gilligan's(1982) theory. Justice-oriented morality was assessed by the Korean Defining Issues Test(DIT). Sex role identity was assessed by the Korean Sex Role Inventory(KSRI). The subjects of this study were 157 females and 143 males, the age of 17 to 19 years old. The average level of care-oriented morality of the subjects was on level 1.5(transition from survival to responsibility) and the P score(post conventional level) of justice-oriented morality was pretty high. There were significant differences between females and males in the levels of care-oriented morality as well as justice-oriented morality. There were significant differences in sex role identity types by level of care-oriented morality. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in sex role identity types by level of justice-oriented morality.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 2022

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the impact of having a usual source of care on health behaviors of the middle aged and the elderly, in order to investigate the potential effect of enhancing primary health care in a Korean context. Methods: This study constructed a balanced panel of middle-aged and elderly samples using the Korea Health Panel 2016-2018, and fixed-effect models were used to analyze the data. Results: Among three sets of dependent variables (physical activity, smoking, drinking), statistically significant results were found only in physical activity. Subgroup analysis showed that this effect was not observed in the late elderly (aged 75 and older) and those without chronic diseases. Conclusion: Results of the study implied that enhancing primary health care among middle age and the elderly may have an effect on improving health behaviors. Moving forward to person-centered primary health care from disease-focused primary health care should be considered in high-risk groups such as the middle aged and the elderly with chronic diseases.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Objectives: There are few studies which reflects of each generation's own features, of the New Middle Age and the Elderly's hearing status and their quality of life even though the population of old age has been weighted as baby boom generation's entering into old age. This study is to identify the effects of the new middle age and the elderly's hearing status on their quality of life and to prepare the customized health policies for their health promotion and quality of life improvement as well as the base line data for hearing enhancement programs. Methods: This study was analyzed using the data of the 7th term of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of the Disease Management headquarters. Out of 8,150 adults over the age of 50 who participated in the hearing test, 3,306 were selected and analyzed. Results: At the result of identifying the correlation of hearing status and the quality of life between the New Middle Age and the Elderly, it was confirmed that hearing loss affects low quality of life. The average of quality of life between the New Middle Age and the Elderly was 0.95 and 0.85 each, resulting in higher quality of life in New Middle Age than in the Elderly. The factors affecting the quality of life of the New Middle Age were the level of the education, household income, the type of health insurance, subjective health status. The factors affecting the quality of life of the Elderly were gender, the type of health insurance, subjective health status. Conclusion: Hearing loss of the New Middle Age and the Elderly affects their low quality of life. Therefore the development and the provision of policy program is needed, so as to maintain and manage hearing through age-specific health education. It is expected that the second half of the New Middle Age's life will be much happier, if not taking the treatment-oriented approach of hearing loss only but strengthening the education needed for the maintenance and the management of healthy hearing at their work place, where 50 and 60 generations' workforce has been increased.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.79-89
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of psychological capital on turnover intension and job satisfaction by aged care facility workers. Methods : Samples were obtained from 147 aged care facility workers in one county of Kyungsangbukdo. The study conducted a correlation and a regression analysis to learn how psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, optimism, resilience) would affect turnover intension and job satisfaction. Results : First, age and marital status turned out to have a positive (+) influence on job satisfaction which would be negative (-) affected by tenure of office. Second, hope, sub-variable of Psychological Capital, affected a negative (-) influence on turnover intension. Third, resilience, sub-variable of Psychological Capital, affected a positive(+) influence on job satisfaction. Conclusions: It is suggested to develop the psychological capital of aged care facility workers, effective welfare system and educational program are required for better job satisfaction.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Background: There are a plethora of literatures showing that high-intensity intensive care unit (ICU) physician staffing is associated with reduced ICU mortality. However, it is not widely used in ICUs because of limited budgets and resources. We created a critical care team (CCT) to improve outcomes in an open general ICU and evaluated its effectiveness based on patients' outcomes. Methods: We conducted this prospective, observational study in an open, general ICU setting, during a period ranging from March of 2009 to February of 2010. The CCT consisted of five teaching staffs. It provided rapid medical services within three hours after calls or consultation. Results: We analyzed the data of 830 patients (157 patients of the CCT group and 673 patients of the non-CCT one). Patients of the CCT group presented more serious conditions than those of the non-CCT group (acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation II [APACHE II] 20.2 vs. 15.8, p<0.001; sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA] 5.5 vs. 4.6, p=0.003). The CCT group also had significantly more patients on mechanical ventilation than those in the non-CCT group (45.9% vs. 23.9%, p<0.001). Success rate of weaning was significantly higher in the CCT group than that of the non-CCT group (61.1% vs. 44.7%, p=0.021). On a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the increased ICU mortality was associated with the older age, non-CCT, higher APACHE II score, higher SOFA score and mechanical ventilation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the CCT did not provide full-time services in an open general ICU setting, it might be associated with a reduced ICU mortality. This is particularly the case with patients on mechanical ventilation.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess dental health states of disabled people and analyze association between perception and awareness toward dental health and dental health status. Methods: The survey was performed from June 25 through October 30, 2004. A total of 548 disabled people participated in the study with details of 419 living in eight residential care centers located in Gyeongsangbuk-do and 129 children from a special school and two day-care centers. All subjects underwent oral examination and surveyed through a questionnaire. Parents of 129 children with disabilities were also surveyed through a separate questionnaire. Results: The dental caries experience rate was 82.1% of total 548 subjects. By age, those in their 20s experienced a high rate of dental caries with 87.5%. By educational level, those with a middle school education experienced a high dental caries rate with 91.8% (p<0.05). Of total subjects who experienced dental caries, 78.9% had experience in dental caries treatment. By age, those in their 10s showed a high rate of dental caries treatment with 87.4%(p<0.05). By educational level, those with a high school education showed a high rate of dental caries treatment with 87.7%(p<0.05). Those in residential care centers had a high rate of dental caries treatment with 82.1%, which is significantly higher than 68.8% of those who used day-care centers. A tooth extraction rate was 38.0% of total subjects. Those in their 40s had a higher rate of tooth extraction(p<0.01). Those in residental care centers had a significantly higher rate of extraction with 43.4%, compared with 20.2% of those in day-care centers. Of total subjects, 61.5% had plaque. A high rate of plaque formation was observed in those in their 40s(92.0%), those with a high school education(84.0%) and those with multiple disabilities(77.8%)(p<0.01). Among total subjects, 47.6% maintained healthy periodontal tissue. Those in their 40s and those with multiple disabilities had diseased periodontal tissue(p<0.01). Of 129 disabled children, 43.8% had plaque with parents who were not oral health-conscious while 18.6% had plaque with parents who were oral health-conscious, showing a significant difference(p<0.05) Conclusion: The results of the study suggest the need for educating parents with disabled children about oral health and strengthening programs for oral health for teachers working at special schools and day-care centers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2020

Objectives: Aging is assumed to be accompanied by greater health care expenditures. The objective of this retrospective, bottom-up micro-costing study was to identify and analyze the variables related to increased health care costs for the elderly from the provider's perspective. Methods: The analysis included all elderly inpatients who were admitted in 2017 to a hospital in Tehran, Iran. In total, 1288 patients were included. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: Slightly more than half (51.1%) of patients were males, and 81.9% had a partial recovery. The 60-64 age group had the highest costs. Cancer and joint/orthopedic diseases accounted for the highest proportion of costs, while joint/orthopedic diseases had the highest total costs. The surgery ward had the highest overall cost among the hospital departments, while the intensive care unit had the highest mean cost. No statistically significant relationships were found between inpatient costs and sex or age group, while significant associations (p<0.05) were observed between inpatient costs and the type of ward, length of stay, type of disease, and final status. Regarding final status, costs for patients who died were 3.9 times higher than costs for patients who experienced a partial recovery. Conclusions: Sex and age group did not affect hospital costs. Instead, the most important factors associated with costs were type of disease (especially chronic diseases, such as joint and orthopedic conditions), length of stay, final status, and type of ward. Surgical services and medicine were the most important cost items.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.265-289
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• 2014

This study analyzed the change of after-school guardians' absence types during the first 3 school years, and the relations of after-school care, family environment(family income, parental monitoring) to self-regulatory learning ability and emotional-behavioral problems in each gender of early school-age children from dual income families. The data from 526 boys and 483 girls among 3rd graders of Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) were statistically analyzed by Friedman's test, t-test, correlational coefficient analysis, regression analysis. The results showed that 45% of boys and 50% of girls were with a guardian for their after-school care in each of the first 3 school years and after-school care had changed gradually into the types of temporal or contingent absence of a guardian. Family income and children's self-regulatory learning ability were different from adult-care and self-care in each gender, but there were differences in the parental monitoring of girls and emotional-behavioral problems of boys according to the care types. Both of boys and girls showed that family environment meaningfully related with the ability and the problems, and also showed the relatively different effects of after-school care and family environment on those ability and problems variables. The results suggested some implications for after-school care.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to understand baby care helpers' degree of emotional labor, job stress, and burnout and analyze the effects of emotional labor and job stress on their burnout. Methods: Data were collected from August 16 to September 6, 2016 for three weeks with child care helpers working in C city, D city, and S city as subjects. Multiple regression analysis was used in order to examine the factors influencing the subjects' burnout. Results: Burnout in general characteristics differed significantly according to age (F=4.81, p=.011). As the most influential factors for burnout, emotional labor (${\beta}=.43$) had statistically significant correlation with it, along with job stress (${\beta}=.16$) and age (${\beta}=.14$). These variables explained burnout ($Adj.R^2=0.29$, p<.001) at a rate of 29%. Conclusion: It is judged that strategies and continuous management aimed at reducing child care helpers' emotional labor and job stress are necessary. As an approach from different aspects, it is required that variables related to emotional labor, job stress, and burnout are identified and there would be more researches in order to establish some national policies for child care helpers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.271-283
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of infant development of child care teachers, undergraduate students majoring in child development at universities, and the students at child care training centers. A questionnaire was distributed to 126 in-service and 187 pre-service child care teachers. Data were analyzed by t-test, F-test, Correlation. The results showed that the mean scores of subjects on the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI) were relatively low. Among the 3 groups of subjects, child care teachers had the lowest scores on the KIDI. There were individual differences in the knowledge of infant development by school year, the length of work experience, marital status, age of child, attendance at in-service training events, and kind of license.