• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.287-299
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors contributing to health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. The sample included 114 patients in a gastroenterology outpatient department at one hospital located in G city. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from June to December 2009. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: Health-related quality of life was most strongly related to age, sex, income, occupation, and the care provider. Old age, female gender, lower income, not having an occupation and having a non-medical person were associated with lower HRQOL ($R^2$=.03~.22, p=.041~<.001). Conclusion: CHB infection had a negative impact on HRQOL among the older, female gender, low socioeconomic status and not having medically knowledgeable care givers. Interventions beyond nursing care may be needed to improve the quality of health for patients with Chronic Hepatitis B.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2005

Background: The management of hepatic injuries has changed dramatically during the past two decade after the technologic breakthroughs in radiologic imaging techniques. Recently, the non-operative management of blunt hepatic trauma has become the standard of care in hemodynamically stable patients. We reviewed our experience of the non-operative management of blunt hepatic trauma. And the purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic factors and indicators affecting the decision for treatment modality of emergent hepatic trauma. Methods: The medical records of 84 patients who were treated for blunt hepatic injury at Masan Samsung Hospital from January 2002 to December 2003. The patients were divided two groups, non-operative(Non-OP) and operative(OP), according to the treatment modality. The two groups were compares for age, sex, mechanism of injury, grade of liver injury scale, combined injury, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC count, S-GOT, S-GPT, ALP, transfusion amount during initial 24 hours, amount of infused crystalloid fluid, length of ICU stay, length of ward care, morbidity and mortality. The grade of the liver injury were determined by using the organ injury scale(OSI). Results: Among the 84 patients, 46 cases(54.8%) were managed non-surgically, and 3 cases of Non-OP group were treated by transarterial embolization. Between the two groups, there were significant difference in age, injury grade, combined injury, hemoglobin, hematocrit, initial systolic blood pressure, amount of infused crystalloid fluid, amount of transfusion during the first 24 hours, and length of ICU care, morbidity and mortality.(p<0.05) The overall mortality rate was 8.3%, but 2.2% mortality in the non-operative group. Conclusion: Non-operative management may be considered as a first choice in hemodynamic stable patients with blunt liver trauma. The reliable indicators affecting the treatment modality of blunt hepatic trauma were systolic BP, Hb, Hct, amount of infused crystalloid fluid, amount of transfusion during the first 24 hours, liver injury grade and combined injury. Strict selection of treatment madality and aggresive monitoring with intensive care unit were more important.

• Journal of Menopausal Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2018

Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the barriers influencing the sexual conversation. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 200 midwives were selected through convenience sampling method from private and public clinics in Mashhad, North East of Iran. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect the study data. Results: The mean age of subjects was $39.58{\pm}8.12years$ with $13.49{\pm}7.59years$ of work experience. A number of cultural conditions act as an inhibitory force for the midwives to address sexual issues with menopausal women. Menopausal women visit a doctor at the acute stage when emotional and physical problems make sexual discussion difficult for the midwives (86.5%). Other related causes for not having proper sexual conversation were insufficient knowledge (51.4%), inadequate education provided via public media through health providers (83.5%), midwives or their patient's shame (51.5%), and attempt to get help from traditional healers, friends, relatives and supplicants instead of midwifery staff (78.5%). Also, we found that sexual workshops, communication workshops, and work experiences had a significant influence in changing the views of midwives. Conclusions: Cultural barriers prevent the patients and providers from communicating effectively with each other, thus highlighting the need for sexual and communication workshops for the health care providers.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2015

This study investigated the effect of home environment quality and fathers' parenting participation on school readiness of preschool children. The subjects were 101 5-years old children, mothers and teachers at child care centers located in the Gyeonggi area. Home environment quality was measured using a 'Korean Home Environment' questionnaire. Parenting participation by fathers was measured by 'Scale for Productive Roles of Fathers of Children in Their Early Childhood.' Lastly, the children's school readiness measured the 'School Readiness Inventory.' Collected data were analyzed using t-test, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression. The results of the study showed that the school readiness of preschool children differed by gender. The score of girls' school readiness was higher than boys' school readiness. Such difference was apparent in the school readiness areas of general knowledge, mathematical knowledge, and adjustment. There was a positive correlation between age and the school readiness of preschool children. An increase in children's age also increased school readiness in the areas of linguistic knowledge, mathematical knowledge, and adjustment. Home environment quality and fathers' parenting participation directly influenced the school readiness of preschool children. The pattern of the results suggests that a desirable home environment and fathers' contribution in the family for children are critical components to prepare preschool children for elementary school.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.88-102
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• 1992

The exact estimation of physical growth by Obesity level has important meaning to the health care and evaluation on adolescent girls. So this study tried to clear the relationship between weight and body fat by using data for the height, weight of 124 elementary school children and high school student in Seoul. Then this study tried to show the physical growth pattern and various characteristics by Obesity level by using longitudinal for the height, weight of 1113 high school students in Seoul, and it also tried to show what influencing factors on the physical growth of this aged population. The result could be summarized as follows. 1. The relationship between weight and body fat(%) has 0.81475(r) at age 9 and 0.69361(r) at age 18. Also the relationship between weight and lean body muscle(LBM %) has -0.81470(r) at age 9 and -0.64729(r) at age 18. 2. The weakness, normal and obesity groups were classified by Obesity level. In case of weakness group showed the very low Obesity level at age 8 to 11, in case of obesity group showed the high Obesity level at age 15 to 18. Also Rohrer index was decreasing tendency up to age 12 in weakness group and increasing tendency over age 14 in obesity group. 3. When the height and weight growth pattern was compared, height growth was superior to weight growth at age 9 to 14.5 in normal group. But weight growth was inferior to height growth at age 9 to 14.5 in normal group. In obesity group, weight growth was superior to height growth at age 7 to 18. On the other hand the height growth of weakness group was superior to the normal group and the obesity group except age 11 to 12. 4. On height velocity curve by PHV age obesity group showed the most growth amount per year(9.00Cm/yr), and the next is normal group(8.77Cm/yr), weakness group(8.70Cm/yr). Then the difference between PHV age and PWV age was within 1 year in these three groups. 5. In these three groups, height velocity curve by menarcheal age showed the PHV before 2~3 years of menarcheal age. And weight velocity curve by menarcheal age showed the remarkable PWV before 1 year of menarcheal age.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.46-68
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• 2001

The study was to examine the relationships among those variables related to total quality management and to reveal those variables affecting total quality management in Health-Care Organizations. To study the relationship, a questionaire was designed and sent to 220 hospitals of which the number of beds is over 200 beds. Out of 660 questionaire, 263 questionaire were collected. Data analysis were conducted by using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. The result were as follows: 1. TQM was significantly different according to activities of QI, department of QI, age, and position. 2. Leadership was significantly different according to activities of QI, department of QI, age, and position. 3. Significant differences in the level of satisfaction of employee were found according to activities of QI, department of QI, age, position, and duration of employ. 4. Significant differences in the level of participation of employee were found according to activities of QI, department of QI, and position. 5. Education trainning was significantly different according to amount of bed, activities of QI, department of QI, level of education, kind of job, and position. 6. Medical technique was significantly different according to activities of QI, department of QI, and position. 7. Quality of work was significantly different according to activities of QI, department of QI, age, and position. 8. Significant differences in the level of investigation's system in satisfaction of client were found according to activities of QI, department of QI, kind of job, and position. 9. Positive correlations were observed between TQM and those variables related to TQM. 10. TQM was significantly predicted by the level of satisfaction of employee(40.9%), participation of employee(7.0%), investigation's system in satisfaction of client(2.7%), leadership(1.4%), and medical technique(1.1%), respectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.80 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2017

Background: Smoking cessation is the most powerful intervention to modify progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and nicotine dependence is one of the most important determinants of success or failure in smoking cessation. We evaluated nicotine dependence status and investigated factors associated with moderate to high nicotine dependence in patients with COPD. Methods: We included 53 current smokers with COPD in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease II cohort enrolled between January 2014 and March 2016. Nicotine dependence was measured by using Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Cognitive function was assessed by Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: The median FTND score was 3, and 32 patients (60%) had moderate to high nicotine dependence. The median smoking amount was 44 pack-years, which was not related to nicotine dependence. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high education status (odds ratio, 1.286; 95% confidence interval, 1.036-1.596; p=0.023), age <70 (odds ratio, 6.407; 95% confidence interval, 1.376-29.830; p=0.018), and mild to moderate airflow obstruction (odds ratio, 6.969; 95% confidence interval, 1.388-34.998; p=0.018) were related to moderate to high nicotine dependence. Conclusion: Nicotine dependence does not correlate with smoking amount, but with education level, age, and severity of airflow obstruction. Physicians should provide different strategies of smoking cessation intervention for current smokers with COPD according to their education levels, age, and severity of airflow obstruction.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.157-172
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• 2010

Objectives : This study is to grasp the efficacy, locus of control, oral disease management beliefs, etc and to make a close inquiry the relevance between theses key figures and oral health promotion practice for a teacher and oral care about children and to provide the basic materials of oral health education for the teachers of infant nursery. Methods : This study was made from July to September in 2009 to nursery teacher by having the self-report questionnaire for teachers of infant nursery who are performing nursry school tearcher. Total 187 questionnaire were distributed and among these, 167 questionnaire excluding 20 questionnaire of incomplete responses were statistically analyzed with SPSS12.0. Results : The efficacy is highly in a married person(p=0.001) according to the teacher's age(P=0.006), perceived good oral status(p=0.001) according to the oral conditions and has the significant difference. The internal locus of control is highly in a married person(p=0.006) according to the teacher's age(P=0.037) and the marital status and has the significant difference statistically. The external locus of control is the highest(p=0.038) in the age of 40 among teacher's age and has the significant difference statistically. The oral disease management beliefs is the highest in the age of 20 ~ 29(p=0.001), highly in married(p=0.003) and has the significant difference according to the marital status and perceived good oral status(p=0.045) according to the oral conditions. There has no significant difference in the efficacy, the internal locus of control, the external Lotus of Control, oral disease management beliefs following by the infant oral care after taking medicines and oral care of infants after tooth brushing. Conclusions : Therefore, the oral health promotion activities should be induced by educating the nursery teacher and it needs to spread out the oral care education with the development to operate practically. It is considered in need of the infant oral care which is not burden on to the nursery teacher but helpful to the infant by connecting the subjects of dental hygiene and oral health education training.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of the present study was to propose more substantial data for evaluating the quality of life of adults in terms of oral health as well as provide the basic data necessary to develop an effective oral health care program that improves the quality of life of adults by age group. Methods : Raw data were used from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the first and second years which was conducted from January 2013 to December 2014. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with the collected data by gender and age group to determine the impact of oral functions on the quality of life of adults. Results : It turned out that oral function has an impact on the quality of life of adults by age group as follows: young people (${\beta}$=.077), middle-age people (${\beta}$=.101), young-old elderly people (${\beta}$=.140), and old-old elderly people (${\beta}$=.143). It was shown that as people grow older, they have better quality of life only when they have good oral function. Conclusions : It is necessary to develop a proper oral health care program that prevents oral diseases and improves oral function by age group, which eventually will lead to good oral health. Continuous oral healthcare is also considered necessary.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 1997

To examine the effects of an educational program with a purpose of reducing symptoms and ailments of women's premenstrual syndrome on the basis of the Self-care theory of Orem, a stimulation was carried out by using pre-and post-design of non-equity control group after choosing both an experimental group of 62 persons and a control group of 62 persons among 497 industrial women. This study was conducted from June 20, 1996 to September 30, 1996. Meantime, an education was provided for the experimental group of 62 persons for 8 weeks but no education for the control group of 62 persons. Study matters are general and obstetric characteristics, knowledge and self-care behavior and premenstrual syndrome from questionnaires with 497 industrial women, pre and post questionnaires with the control group of 62 persons and the questionnaires collected before and after providing an education for the experimental group of 62 persons, these matters were used as research data for this study and analyzed by means of the SAS program. As a result, it was shown that the scores of 497 industrial women's knowledge by age were the highest 26.36 for 20 to 29 year old women, then 25.58 for 30 to 39 year old women and 25.74 for less 19 year old women. The performance scores of their self-care behavior by age were the highest 39.17 for 30 to 39 year old women, 35.72 for 20 to 29 year old women and 32.85 for less 19 year old women, which means that the older the women are, the higher the performance degree is(p<0.01). And the scores of their premenstrual syndrome by age were 2.80 for less 19 year old women, 2.18 for 20 to 29 year old women and 2.00 for 30 to 39 year old women. Women in their teens and twenties showed more serious symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome than women in their thirties(p<0.01). For the experimental group of 62 persons who received the educational program, both the knowledge of premenstrual syndrome and the degree of self-care behavior were remarkably improved(p<0.01), respectively and the symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome were also remarkably reduced(p<0.01), while the control group showed no change in the knowledge, self-care behavior, and symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome. The above results demonstrated that educational program based on the Self-care theory of Orem is an effective intervention to reduce the symptoms and ailments of premenstrual syndrome. The effects of the study can be generalized by extending the application in which various age groups and professional and social environments are considered together with a research to evaluate the long-term effects of this educational program. Accordingly, it is expected that it can possible not only to provide help for the women by actually applying the program to practical areas for improvement of women's health but also to suggest plans to activate it as one of health education areas.