• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2013

This study focuses on the data schema and data content, which includes maintenance data, data structures and illustration data relevant with the maintenance process of ship and offshore structures. Product lifecycle management (PLM) is expected to encompass all the product data generated for the operation and maintenance information as well as the design and production. This paper introduces a data exchange schema in PLM of ship and offshore, serving as the basis for the role of standards required by the middle-of-life PLM. Also this paper identifies a typology of standards relevant to PLM that addresses the schema of evolving standards and identifies a XML schema supporting the exchange of data related with maintenance operations. Technical document based on standards in accordance with S1000D and Shipdex is explained. A case study illustrating the use of standard data exchange and technical document is presented.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2018

The importance of data management for the efficient maintenance and operation of offshore structures is becoming increasingly important. This paper has discussed the data schema and business rules that standardize the data exchange between ship design, operation and maintenance. Technical documentation that meets the international standards of ShipDex and S1000D for exchanging the operation and management data in neutral or standard formats has been introduced into the life cycle management of ships. The schema of the data exchange is represented by XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and the lifecycle data is implemented by a structured document. Lifecycle data is represented as data modules defined by XML schema. Given the feasible data generation, an example of a technical document is introduced by a general XML authoring tool.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 효율적인 유지보수가 가능한 대학졸업사정시스템의 설계 및 구현 사례를 소개한다. 졸업사정시스템의 유지보수를 어렵게 만드는 주요 원인을 도출하고, 이에 대한 해결방안을 제시하였다. 알고리즘 위주의 종전 시스템을 구동엔진을 기반으로 개선하고, 이에 따른 DB schema를 설계하고 주요 모듈에 대한 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 개선된 시스템을 실무에 적용한 결과를 통하여 제시한 시스템의 개선효과를 입증하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제13D권5호
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• pp.641-650
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• 2006

XML은 자기 기술적인 특징이 있기 때문에 구조를 한정하기 위해서 DTD 또는 XML 스키마를 사용한다. XML 스키마가 아직 권고안에 불과하지만 DTD는 XML 언어가 아니고 표현에도 한계가 있기 때문에 XML 스키마의 사용이 보편화 될 것이다. XML 문서의 구조와 데이터는 XML 스키마의 잘못된 디자인, 어플리케이션의 새로운 요구 등의 여러 복합적인 이유로 변할 수가 있다. 이에 우리는 XML 스키마 진화(schema evolution)을 분석하여 w;ls화의 기능을 실현할 수 있는 최소한의 연산자들을 제안한다. 이러한 스키마 진화 연산자들은 XML스키마에 순응하는 XML 문서의 수가 많을 경우, XSE가 없다면 불가능한 XML 스키마와 XML 문서의 수정을 가능하게 한다. 더욱이 연산자들은 자동적으로 XML 스키마에 등록되어 있는 모든 XML 문서의 수정위치를 찾아주고 수정 후에도 XML 문서를 well-form 상태가 아닌 valid 상태를 유지시키는 기능을 포함하고 있다 이 논문은 XML 스키마를 체계적으로 수정하는 첫 번째 시도이며 XML의 수정에 필요한 대부분의 연산을 제공한다. 이 논문의 연구는 XML 문서의 구조뿐만 아니라 데이터까지 쉽고 정확하게 수정하는 것을 도와주기 때문에 XML 어플리케이션의 개발과 유지를 위해 꼭 필요한 작업이다.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.44-73
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• 2008

There is general agreement that the problem of data semantics has to be addressed for XML data to become machine-processable. This problem can be tackled by defining a semantic mapping between an XML schema and an ontology. Unfortunately, creating such mappings is a tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone task. To alleviate this problem, we present a solution that heuristically discovers semantic mappings between XML schemas and ontologies. The solution takes as input an initial set of simple correspondences between element attributes in an XML schema and class attributes in an ontology, and then generates a set of mapping formulas. Once such a mapping is created, it is important and necessary to maintain the consistency of the mapping when the associated XML schema and ontology evolve. In this paper, we first offer a mapping formalism to represent semantic mappings. Second, we present our heuristic mapping discovery algorithm. Third, we show through an empirical study that considerable effort can be saved when discovering complex mappings by using our prototype tool. Finally, we propose a mapping maintenance plan dealing with schema evolution. Our study provides a set of effective solutions for building sustainable semantic integration systems for XML data.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2020

Recently, BIM has been extended to infrastructures such as roads and bridges, and the demand for BIM standard development for ports is increasing internationally. Due to the low level of utilization of classification system and drawing standards compared to other infrastructures, and the closed nature of national security facilities, ports have insufficient level of connection and sharing environment among external systems or users. In addition, since the standardization of data for port facilities is not made, it is still necessary to establish an independent DB for each system and to ensure interoperability of data between these systems since it does not have a shared environment among similar data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and verify IFC, the international standard for BIM, in order to cope with the BIM environment and to be commonly used in the design, construction, and maintenance of port facilities. To this end, we build a standard schema with port-specific Express Notation according to buildingSMART International's standard development methodology. First, domestic and international reference model standards were analyzed to derive components such as space and facilities of port facilities. Based on this, the components of the port facility were derived through the codification, categorization, and normalization process developed by the research team. This was extended based on the port BIM object classification system developed by the research team. Normalization results were verified by designers and associations. Then, IFC schema construction was based on Express-G data modeling based on IFC 4 * 2 Candidate, which is a bridge candidate standard based on IFC4 (ISO16739), and IFC 4 * 3 Draft, which is developed by buildingSMART International. The final schema was validated using the commercialized validation tool. In addition, in order to verify the structural verification of the port IFC schema, the transformation process was verified by converting the caisson model into a Part21 file. In the future, this result will not only be used as a delivery standard for port BIM products, but will also be applied as a linkage standard between systems and a common data format for port BIM platforms when BIM is used in the maintenance phase. In particular, it is expected to be used as a core standard for data exchange in the port maintenance stage.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.697-708
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• 2017

Maintenance plays a critical role in the bridge industry, but actual practices show many limitations because of traditional, 2D-based information systems. It is necessary to develop a new generation of maintenance information management systems for more reliable decision making in bridge maintenance. Enhancing current work processes requires a BIM-based 3D digital model that can use information from the whole lifecycle of a project (design, construction, operation, and maintenance) through continuous exchanges and updates from each stakeholder. This study describes the development of a data scheme for maintenance of cable-stayed bridges. We implemented the proposed system for a cable-stayed bridge and discussed its effectiveness.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.417-428
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• 2002

XML은 정보공유 및 검색에 있어서 매우 효과적인 장점을 지닌 마크업 언어이지만 보안에 취약한 단점을 가지고 있다. 한편, 이를 보완하는 XML 전자 서명, XML 데이타 암호화, XML 접근 제어 등의 연구는 XML 문서의 유효성을 배제하고 있다. 그러나 XML 기반 정보 교환 및 공유 환경에서 XML 문서의 유효성은 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 XML 문서의 보안성과 유효성을 동시에 지원하는 XML 보안 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 제안된 시스템은 XML 데이타의 암호화 과정에서 유효성 유지를 위해 XML 스키마 정보를 갱신하여 이의 참조를 통해 XML 문서의 유효성 지원한다. 또한 XML 스키마 전자 서명과 같은 XML 스키마 관련 보안 기능을 지원하며 이 과정에서 빠른 정규화 XML 스키마 해석을 위해 DOMHash 기법을 사용하였다. 제안된 시스템을 통해 유효성을 유지하는 XML 문서는 유연성 및 확장성과 신뢰성에 있어 기존 시스템보다 좋은 기능을 갖는다.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2022

As BIM(Building Information Modeling) technology advances in architecture around the world, projects and industries using BIM are increasing. Unlike previous developments that were limited to buildings, BIM is now spreading to other fields such as civil engineering and electricity. In architecture, BIM is used in the entire process from design to maintenance of a building, and IFC(Industry Foundation Classes), a neutral format with interoperability, is used as an open BIM format. Since firefighting requires intuitive 3D models for evacuation and fire simulations, BIM models are desirable. However, due to the BIM model, which was developed centered on building objects, there are no objects and specific properties for fire evacuation in the IFC scheme. Therefore, in this study, when adding a new object in the firefighting area to the IFC schema, the IFC interoperability is not broken and the building WBS(Work Breakdown Structure) is analyzed with a hierarchical system similar to the IFC format to define the scope for a new object and the firefighting part within of the building WBS to derive a firefighting HBS(Hierarchy Breakdown Structure) with the extension of the object-oriented IFC file. And according to HBS, we propose an IFC schema extension method. It is a methodology that allows BIM users to instantly adapt the IFC schema to their needs. Accordingly, the methodology derived from this study is expected to be expanded in various areas to minimize information loss from IFC. In the future, we will apply the IFC extension methodology to the actual development process using HBS to verify that it is actually applicable within the IFC schema.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2023

Purpose: Headache is a very common disease experienced at least once in daily life, and tension-type headaches have a high and increasing prevalence. Chronic headaches can cause functional damage and huge socioeconomic impacts. This study aimed to compare the effects of myofascial release technique with manual therapy and self-myofascial release technique using a foam roller on the pain threshold and body schema in patients with chronic tension-type headaches. Methods: The study was conducted on 20 patients living in Busan with chronic tension headaches. Myofascial release technique with manual therapy was performed on the suboccipital, sternocleidomastoid, scalene, and upper trapezius muscles. The self -myofascial release technique using a foam roller was applied to the cervical and thoracic muscles. A laterality test was performed using a recognized neck application developed to evaluate body schema ability. A pressure-pain threshold test was performed using an electronic pressure algometer to compare the results before and after the myofascial release technique. Results: After applying myofascial release with manual therapy and a foam roller, the pressure-pain threshold values showed significant changes in both groups (p<.05). As a result of the laterality test, myofascial release with manual therapy and a foam roller were applied to the painful area. The values showed significant changes in both groups (p<.05), but only the group using the foam roller showed a significant difference (p<.05) in painless areas. Conclusion: The myofascial release technique with manual therapy can be the primary treatment technique for pain control in painful areas. The self-muscle release technique using a foam roller can be an effective method when there is no pain or when maintenance is needed after pain control.