• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1483-1503
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• 2011

To advance the effectiveness of the current Hanwoo improvement system, we developed a general simulation that compared a series of breeding schemes under realistic user circumstances. We call this system the Integrated General Model (IGM) and it allows users to control the breeding schemes and selection methods by manipulating the input parameters. The Current Hanwoo Performance and Progeny Test (CHPPT) scheme was simulated with a Modified Hanwoo Performance and Progeny Test (MHPPT) scheme using a Hanwoo Breeding Farm cow population of the Livestock Improvement Main Center (LOMC) of the National Agricultural Cooperatives Federation (NACF). To compare the two schemes, a new method, the Simple Hanwoo Performance Test (SHPT), which uses ultrasound technology for measuring the carcass traits of live animals, was developed. These three models, including the CHPPT, incorporated three types of selection criteria: phenotype (PH), true breeding value (TBV), and estimated breeding value (EBV). The simulation was scheduled to mimic an actual Hanwoo breeding program; thus, the simulation was run to include the years 1983-2020 for each breeding method and was replicated 10 times. The parameters for simulation were derived from the literature. Approximately 642,000 animals were simulated per replication for the CHPPT scheme; 129,000 animals were simulated for the MHPPT scheme and 112,000 animals for the SHPT scheme. Throughout the 38-year simulation, all estimated parameters of each simulated population, regardless of population size, showed results similar to the input parameters. The deviations between input and output values for the parameters in the large populations were statistically acceptable. In this study, we integrated three simulated models, including the CHPPT, in an attempt to achieve the greatest genetic gains within major economic traits including body weight at 12 months of age (BW12), body weight at 24 months of age (BW24), average daily gain from 6 to 12 months (ADG), carcass weight (CWT), carcass longissimus muscle area (CLMA), carcass marbling score (CMS), ultrasound scanned longissimus muscle area (ULMA), and ultrasound scanned marbling score (UMS).

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2013

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of childhood epilepsy that is defined by generalized multiple type seizures, slowness of intellectual growth, and a specific EEG disturbance. Children affected might previously have infantile spasms or underlying brain disorder but etiology can be idiopathic. LGS seizures are often treatment resistant and the long term prognosis is poor. A 14-year-3-month old, 20.5 kg girl with LGS was scheduled for dental treatment under general anesthesia. The patient presented with multiple caries and heavy calculus. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation agent, Sevoflurane. And caries treatment, scaling, subgingival curretage were performed. LGS patients usually have poor oral hygiene due to mental retardation and have high risk of seizure during dental treatment. In dental treatment under general anesthesia for LGS, it must be considered of seizure control during peri-operative period. Also periodic recall check, instruction of oral hygiene must be performed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2549-2554
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• 2016

Background: Early detection remains the cornerstone of breast cancer control in terms of outcome and survival. Thus far the only breast cancer screening method proven effective is mammography. The awareness of female health care workers (HCW) about breast cancer prevention is of vital importance, as their beliefs and behavior may have a major impact on other women. This study was designed to assess mammography screening uptake among female healthcare workers at primary healthcare centers, and to identify the primary motivators and barriers that affect uptake results. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study design was used to assess mammography screening by 299 female healthcare workers who completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed demographics, screening uptake, motivators and barriers. Results: The mean age was 46 years (within age of risk). The majority (95.1%) demonstrated adequate knowledge about breast cancer and mammography screening and 50% of the participants reported having at least one mammogram; however only 21% of them had regularly scheduled mammograms. The most frequent reported motivator was the perceived benefit that early detection of breast cancer is important for its management (89.6%), followed by the belief that mammography can detect breast cancer before its symptoms appear (84.4%). On the other hand, the most frequent barrier reported was being busy (46.7%), followed by the lack of perceived susceptibility (41.5%). Conclusions: Mammography screening was found to be sub-optimal in a population of HCW's with 50 % stating that they received a mammogram at least once, and a minority reported regular screening. There is a pressing need for educational programs aimed at removing the barriers that limit compliance with recommendations for mammography screening, and to emphasize the importance of early detection in breast cancer treatment. Ensuring the availability and accessibility of screening services, particularly for healthcare workers within their work settings are other important factors that would improve the acceptance and compliance for mammography screening programs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.513-519
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• 1999

Chloral hydrate is one of the most widely used sedative agents to control the difficult to treat young age group in the dental clinic. We are often frustrated to see the patient still awake and cry with agitation even after far more than the normal onset time. In such a case, the patient has to be rescheduled for another sedation visit with different agents and/or routes which greatly disappoints the guardians. This case report presents a sedative regimen that can possibly help the clinician complete scheduled treatment without postponement. We have tried sleep induction with Enflurane (1-1.5vol%) for 60 seconds to 37 patients of those who failed to respond properly to the dose(70mg/kg)of oral Chloral hydrate. The average age and weight of the patients was 34.3 months(22-43mo.) and 14.9kg(11-21kg) respectively. It is suggested that sleep induction with low dose Eflurane produced a stable state during dental treatment with respect to vital sign and behavior. Evidence of adverse effect was not detected or reported during and/or after the procedures.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.353-363
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• 2008

Recently some Korean feminists have reported the family management agreement (FMA) can contribute to enhance the women farmers' legal status and to improve their farm management. The FMA is a formal document written each rights and responsibilities on the farm management, income allocation, and labor condition such as working time and work-off days agreed among family members. Since 2004, 161 farmer couples have signed and practiced the FMA after two-day workshop scheduled for the agreement. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of FMA on the increase of participation in (am management among women farmers. Data were collected from 204 FMA couples through the structured questionnaires. Also interview and participating observation were carried out. Paired t-test were conducted using SPSS 12.0 for Windows program. Major findings were as follows. Women farmers' participation in decision making of farming activities has significantly increased after than before the FMA. However, husbands' participation in decision making is higher than women farmers even after the FMA. After the FMA, labor compensation, regularly or irregularly, for women farmers has increased to 53.3%, 35.3% higher than 18% of the previous study and women farmers' ownership of their farm assets has increased to 48.1% from 29.1%. Also, there is a tendency women farmers' role as a representative of their farm has increased. In conclusion the FMA makes women farmers participate more in farm management as decision maker, income beneficiary, farm asset owner, and farm representative, which encourage them to get the legal status as a farmer and to control their farm management risk. It is suggested that the FMA be selected as a program in order to strengthen the agricultural competitiveness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.7 s.85
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• pp.87-98
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• 2005

Through rail transit has many merits as a safe, environmental harmonic and scheduled transit, there are many problems to construct railroads because of the public resentment. However, there is no reasonable way to settle the conflict properly and it causes enormous social and economic losses. This paper suggests a methodology to evaluate public complaint using the AHP technique, which is generally used as the methodology to evaluate public complaint using the AHP technique, which is generally used as the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). However, the result from the AHP has some defects to control conflicts because the interests related to railroad projects are so complex that it is hard to make people persuaded easily. Therefore, this paper suggests 'the improvement ranking method', 'the sensitive analysis', and 'the assessment of independence relationship' which can aid the basic AHP to be robust. And the AHP. modified by fuzzy method, is also suggested to apply this methodology to example rail paths in Korea.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.329-342
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• 2004

In this paper, we present preliminary feasibility studies on three types of solar observation payloads for future Korean Science and Technology Satellite (STSAT) programs. The three candidates are (1) an UV imaging telescope, (2) an UV spectrograph, and (3) an X-ray spectrometer. In the case of UV imaging telescope, the most important constraint seems to be the control stability of a satellite in order to obtain a reasonably good spatial resolution. Considering that the current pointing stability estimated from the data of the Far ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (FIMS) onboard the Korean STSAT-1, is around 1 arc minutes/sec, we think that it is hard to obtain a spatial resolution sufficient for scientific research by such an UV Imaging Telescope. For solar imaging missions, we realize that an image stabilization system, which is composed of a small guide telescope with limb sensor and a servo controller of secondary mirror, is quite essential for a very good pointing stability of about 0.1 arcsec. An UV spectrograph covering the solar full disk seems to be a good choice in that there is no risk due to poor pointing stability as well as that it can provide us with valuable UV spectral irradiance data valuable for studying their effects on the Earth's atmosphere and satellites. The heritage of the FIMS can be a great advantage of developing the UV spectrograph. Its main disadvantage is that two major missions are in operation or scheduled. Our preliminary investigations show that an X-ray spectrometer for the full disk Sun seems to be the best choice among the three candidates. The reasons are : (1) high temporal and spectral X-ray data are very essential for studying the acceleration process of energetic particles associated with solar flares, (2) we have a good heritage of X-ray detectors including a rocket-borne X-ray detector, (3) in the case of developing countries such as India and Czech, solar X-ray spectrometers were selected as their early stage satellite missions due to their poor pointing stabilities, and (4) there is no planned major mission after currently operating Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) mission. Finally, we present a preliminary design of a solar X-ray spectrometer covering soft X-ray (2 keV) to gamma ray (10 MeV).

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2016

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of chronic persistent post-surgical pain (CPPP) and the role of signal transduction genes in patients undergoing staging laparotomy for carcinoma ovary. Methods: The present observational study was undertaken following institutional ethical committee approval and informed consent from all the participants. A total 21 patients of ASA grade I to III with age 20-70 years, scheduled for elective staging laparotomy for carcinoma ovary were included. Patients were excluded if had other causes of pain, cognitive dysfunction or chronic neurological disorders. Statistical analysis of pool data was done using SPSS version-17. For various scales like GPE, PDQ, NPSI, the visual analogue scale (VAS), global perceived effect (GPE), the pain DETECT questionnaire (PDQ), and neuropathic pain symptoms inventory (NPSI), one factor repaeted measure ANOVA applied with simple contrast with baseline as on post-operative day 1 (considered as reference and compared with subsequent time-interval), and the P values were adjusted according to "Bonferroni adjustments". In patients with CPPP, the ${\Delta}ct$ values of mRNA expressions of genes at the end of postoperative day 90 were compared with the baseline control values by one factor repeated ANOVA. P value < 0.005 significant. Results: The present study demonstrates 38.1% (8 out of 21 patients) incidence of CPPP. The functional status and quality of life as were observed to be significantly diminished in all patients with chronic pain. An up-regulation in the mRNA expression of signal transduction and a positive correlation was noted between the mRNA expression of signal transduction genes and VAS score in all patients with CPPP at the end of postoperative day 90. Conclusions: The reported incidence of CPPP in patients with carcinoma ovary was 38.1%. An up-regulation and positive correlation between mRNA expression of signal transduction genes and VAS score depicts its potential role in the pathogenesis of CPPP.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a prior gastrectomy on the difficulty of subsequent colonoscopy, and to identify the surgical factors related to difficult colonoscopies. Materials and Methods: Patients with a prior gastrectomy who had undergone a colonoscopy between 2011 and 2014 (n=482) were matched (1:6) to patients with no history of gastrectomy (n=2,892). Cecal insertion time, intubation failure, and bowel clearance score were compared between the gastrectomy and control groups, as was a newly generated comprehensive parameter for a difficult/incomplete colonoscopy (cecal intubation failure, cecal insertion time >12.9 minutes, or very poor bowel preparation scale). Surgical factors including surgical approach, extent of gastrectomy, extent of lymph node dissection, and reconstruction type, were analyzed to identify risk factors for colonoscopy performance. Results: A history of gastrectomy was associated with prolonged cecal insertion time ($8.7{\pm}6.4$ vs. $9.7{\pm}6.5$ minutes; P=0.002), an increased intubation failure rate (0.1% vs. 1.9%; P<0.001), and a poor bowel preparation rate (24.7 vs. 29.0; P=0.047). Age and total gastrectomy (vs. partial gastrectomy) were found to be independent risk factors for increased insertion time, which slowly increased throughout the postoperative duration (0.35 min/yr). Total gastrectomy was the only independent risk factor for the comprehensive parameter of difficult/incomplete colonoscopy. Conclusions: History of gastrectomy is related to difficult/incomplete colonoscopy performance, especially in cases of total gastrectomy. In any case, it may be that a pre-operative colonoscopy is desirable in selected patients scheduled for gastrectomy; however, it should be performed by an expert endoscopist each time.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-113
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• 1971

The purpose of this study was to investigate the preoperative anxiety of surgical patients and to observe the effects of an experimental nursing process on the incidence of vomiting, the number of analgesics used and the voiding ability of surgical patients within a 48 hour postoperative period and also the number of postoperative days in the hospital. This study me based on a sample of 51 patients who were scheduled for abdominal surgery. They were assigned alternately to experimental and control groups. Patients assigned to the experimental group were given nursing care by the writer, using an experimental nursing process. This is a process directed toward helping the patient obtain a suitable psychological state for surgery. This process was performed by use of the following steps: 1. The nurse approached the patient with interest and concern, and observed the patient's behavior to determine the presence of anxiety. 2. The nurse explored further to find out what was causing the anxiety and what was needed too relieve it. 3. The nurse listened carefully lo the patient. 4. The nurse gave an opportunity for expression of individuality. 5. The nurse showed friendliness and reassured the patient 6. The nurse gave instruction about deep berating, turing and coughing and gave an explanation of routine preoperative preparation which decreased the unknown and so decreased the patient's anxiety- The findings of this study are as follows: 7. The investigation of preoperative anxiety through observing and interviewing revealed patients were concerned about the following: a. Length of stay in the hospital 69.7% (31 cases) b. Condition unimproved o. worse 48.,8% (30 cases) c. Postoperative pain and discomfort .56.8% (29 cases) 2. The results of the study regarding the four hypothesis were as follows: a. Preoperative psychological care not reduce the number of analysis needed during the 48 hour period following surgery. b. Preoperative psychological care did not reduce the Postoperative incidence of vomiting c. Preoperative psychological care had no influence on voiding ability following surgery. d. Preoperative psychological care significantly reduced the number of postoperative days in tile hospital. The experimental nursing process proved to be successful in decreasing the length of postoperative hospitalization (improving rate of healing). This study has demonstrated further that the relief of anxiety (emotional distress) is part of the nurse's professional role. In order to be sure psychological care is given it is important to make a nursing care plan which .includes a plan for the psychological care needed by the patient. As this care is given it can be charted off by each nurse just as medication and treatments are checked after they are given.