• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2002

When we research a landscape or make a Landscape Impact Assessment, we use the image of a specific season like summer or fall. Since there are four distinct seasons, each with a different landscape, researchers need to understand viewers′visual preferences for individual seasonal landscapes. The purpose of this study is to investigate viewers′visual preferences according to seasonal change and the respondent′s age, gender and profession. In this research, the independent variable is season: suing, summer, fall, winter and snowy winter. Three landscape types used in the experiment: forest, street and agriculture. Each landscape type has two sites for reliability. The assessment media for this research are pictures featuring landscapes taken in each of the four seasons. The study used the "paired comparison" method for taking the score of visual preference. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The summer landscape has the highest visual preference score. However, spring and fall landscapes should also be considered for visual landscape evaluation. 2. The visual preference of winter landscape covered with snow is very high, but since snow is temporal and irregular, it is difficult to consider this factor for visual landscape evaluation. 3. The visual preference score of winter is the lowest of four seasons. The attractive factors of spring are flowers, summer is greenery and fall is autumnal tints. But these are not present in winter. 4. The result of visual preferences according to age groups, gender and profession have no serious differences. 5. Visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by age group was not different from general preference and thus was concluded to have no connection with age. 6. As a result from the research of visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by sex, women were shown to like snow-scene more than men. This study presents an indication of general preferences of seasonal landscapes. It is expected that more advanced study will proceed after this one.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2006

최근 도심지에는 간선도로의 안전성과 경관성을 고려하여 화단형 중앙분리대를 설치하고 있다 또한, 도심지 환경개선을 위한 도로변 녹지조성과 가로수 식재 등을 통한 도시의 이미지 개선을 위한 노력이 계속되고 있다. 따라서 도로 설계단계에서 운전자가 느낄 수 있는 쾌적성 등과 같은 감성적인 측면을 고려할 필요가 있다고 생각되지만 도로환경에 대한 이용자 측면의 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인간이 가진 감성이나 이미지를 구체적인 물체로 만들 수 있는 공학적인 방법으로 최근 주목을 끌고 있는 감성공학을 적용하여 도로이용자가 도심지의 기초경관을 평가하는데 있어 고려하는 감성요인과 개인속성 및 도로 구성요소간의 관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 도심의 가로경관은 도로를 구성하는 도로, 가로수와 주변 건물 등 개개의 요소에 의해 평가되는 것이 아니라 각 요소들의 구성비에 의한 전체 도로 구성요소의 조화에 의한 감성이미지에 의해 평가된다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1583-1600
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• 2015

When natural disasters occur, including earthquakes, tsunamis, and debris flows, they are often accompanied by various types of damages such as the collapse of buildings, broken bridges and roads, and the destruction of natural scenery. Natural disaster detection and warning is an important issue which could help to reduce the incidence of serious damage to life and property as well as provide information for search and rescue afterwards. In this study, we propose a novel computer vision technique for debris flow detection which is feature-based that can be used to construct a debris flow event warning system. The landscape is composed of various elements, including trees, rocks, and buildings which are characterized by their features, shapes, positions, and colors. Unlike the traditional methods, our analysis relies on changes in the natural scenery which influence changes to the features. The "background module" and "monitoring module" procedures are designed and used to detect debris flows and construct an event warning system. The multi-criteria decision-making method used to construct an event warring system includes gradient information and the percentage of variation of the features. To prove the feasibility of the proposed method for detecting debris flows, some real cases of debris flows are analyzed. The natural environment is simulated and an event warning system is constructed to warn of debris flows. Debris flows are successfully detected using these two procedures, by analyzing the variation in the detected features and the matched feature. The feasibility of the event warning system is proven using the simulation method. Therefore, the feature based method is found to be useful for detecting debris flows and the event warning system is triggered when debris flows occur.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2006

The color and structure of urban constructions is a factor of urban landscape and shows their characteristics. Hence the modern buildings deal with their materials and external appearance as an important factor, making up the urban image. But it was nearby impossible to evaluate the value of visual landscape with objective measuring method. Most of all, it depends on the subjective estimation of a few talented or high educated experts with a sense of beauty. Such kinds of estimation can in some cases include arbitrary interpretations. In relation to this kind of problems, it is tried here in this study to analyse the human response of brain wave pattern (EEG) with use of SD method, while the tested persons watch the urban landscape scenery constructed in a visual reality. The tested persons were 20 adult male and female with no color blindness and intact cognitive function. Light source with color filter was used for color environment in a dark soundproof chamber. The signal of EEG is analysed digitally and grouped into the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ waves. The result showed that relative power of ${\alpha}$ wave ratio increased in the natural landscape scenery with blue and green color. From these results it was possible to evaluate the human response, which is affected by urban and natural color and structure stimulation and it might be useful as an indicator of visual cognition amenity toward the design of urban construction environment.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2003

This study looked at worked on remaining landscapes in terms of landscape ecology. It presented some ways to conserve and to activate remaining landscapes with examples of agricultural lands in Hwa-won Gun, Ok-po Myun. The results are as follows: We investigated 20 remaining landscape types and 90 remaining landscapes, and classified them in terms of forest and water zones. To evaluate the investigated remaining landscapes, we produced a grading system using 8 criteria such as vitality, stability, field suitability, type of inner scenery formation, connection, recreation, and culture/tradition. Our evaluation of the vitality found that Grade I had the mast remaining landscapes; Grade II had 28, Grade III had 16, Grade V had four, and Grade IV had none. We evaluated the outer landscape influence using 3 criteria such as divisibility, vitality, and indication. We found from evaluating the type of inner scenery formation that most of the landscapes superior to Grade III were adjacent to water zones and that linear landscapes evaluated as Grade I, and II played an important role in this connection. We evaluated the recreation probability using marks, frequencies, and emergencies of peculiar types. Based on the results, we proposed some ways to conserve and to activate the remaining landscapes classified by grades using the results of the last evaluation. Additionally, we proposed some ways to activate the restoration of the linear axis of the green space function the formation of a buffer green space around matric space, the improvement of the axis of the green space center, and the formation of additional green tracts of land to play the role of stepping stones. We proposed the possibility of improving uniformed farm land structures. This study did not consider the weighting values of the evaluation index. Therefore a more objective study will be needed with an expert-survey in the future.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2017

조선왕릉은 제례행위의 특성에 따라 능역 내외사신사의 능원 안에 진입공간-제향공간-능침공간으로 나누어진다. 각 공간에는 제례행위 및 공간의 특성에 따라 능제시설이 배치되어 보존 관리되고 있다. 2009년 세계유산에 등재 된 조선왕릉의 경우 더욱 원형 보존과 관리의 철저가 요구되며 원형복원의 필요성이 요구된다. 특히, 융릉과 건릉은 2009년 세계유산으로 등재된 국가사적으로 세계유산 관리 규정에 맞게 경관 관리가 요구되며 능원의 전면경관(60도) 수평각의 중점관리가 요구된다. 본 연구는 일제강점기 이후 많이 훼손된 능원(융릉과 건릉)의 핵심지역 주변경관에 관한 원형검증 및 이들의 보존 및 복원방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구의 내용은 고문헌 및 문헌자료를 통한 검증 및 현장조사를 통해 풍수적 내외사신사의 능선과 수계 그리고 전후경관, 제례동선 주변의 경관, 그리고 역사경관림 등을 검토하였다. 즉 융릉과 건릉의 풍수적 경관, 수계 그리고 식생경관의 특성을 파악하고 이들의 보존 관리 방안을 검토하였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to build an architectural landscaping design ways of vulnerable community in rural area. I surveyed scenery structures, public buildings and single home forms, and fence types of house in twelve villages which have undertaken improving environment of rural community in four provinces. They all have an inferior surroundings to live in rural village, because they were isolated from the city, located on the mountain or island, and made a living under the slate materials of roof. The central government has been driving to reform the conditions with local office, so that they may increase their living qualities and village environment to get to the general level of rural area. There are three results of this study as follows: First, the scenery of the village surveyed has a remarkable views of locality and hierarchy of layers between field and mountain, which is very identified as a typical image of Korean rural topology. Second, the public buildings and single homes and outside wall of houses were personally designed or reformed as a various types like a flat slab style and different architectural structure, because they followed only to keep the architectural code rather than to make a harmony with other traditional style buildings. When they have to remodel it again through SaethulMaul project, they are needed to consider of both architectural code and design guideline for the local landscape design image. Third, to make a different landscape view of each village and improve housing conditions, it should be taken a people participation design way.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2006

The tourism sites and attractions of South Korea in many ways have little specialties in their image due to the local development plan's uniformed way of designing and improving landscape. The lack of specialties in tourist sites and attractions have caused displeasure from the local residents, as the sites don't characterize the locals as attractively and appealingly as is the potential. There have been no research or studies on the scenic effect on tourism or resort development thus producing an urgent call for local authorities to develop planned landscapes of local sites. This study compares Bugok Onchon (hot spring), whose image hardly differentiates itself from the others, with Kinosaki Onsen (hot spring). Bugok Hot Spring, which is the case study of this report, has recorded a steady decline of visitors due to a result of uniformed development planning. In the case of Kinosaki Hot Spring, scenery development, however, has made a breakthrough in tourist increase despite its no-so-easily-accessible location. The study assumes that scenery effects changes in promoting local tourism, thus analyzing and comparing the two hot springs to unearth critical factors in tourist site development, as well as viewing the present state of Bugok Hot Spring for further study. Furthermore, the study provides tourist site developers with a guideline of the two comparative Hot Spring cases. Investigations and analyses are mainly focused on colors, which are important factors in making underlying images of tourist sites, and the comparison of Bugok Hot Spring with Kinosaki Hot Suing. Bugok Hot Spring shows the influences of accent colors as well as a variety of color combinations and similarities of color tones. Kinosaki Hot Spring shows a combination of naturally-generated colors its own scenic beauty by trimming the landscape. Through the comparative study of the two hot springs, Bugok (boulevard) uncovers a typical case of Korean local landscape planning, even with the well-known tourist attraction 'Bugok-Hawaii', and calls upon a new, serious landscape-improvement plan to increase visitors.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present condition of the landscape plans(LPs) established in the Rural Village Development Projects(RVDPs) and to propose the ways to improve the LP. Toward this end, the legal system related to rural landscape and the RVDP were examined. Also, the current condition of the LPs was diagnosed through making researches on the RVDP and LP of the 10 regions. The results of examining the legal system showed that the suitable types of the LPs is 'the Specific Landscape Plan' in Rural Area. Of the development projects that have been in operation, RVDP was found to have been equipped with the system. Because the LPs can be established and the contents of formation and readjustment of rural landscape elements were broadly dealt with in RVDP. And the RVDPs consisted mostly of scenery facilities, rural village sightseeing, and income-growth. The results of examining the plan establishment procedures showed that the LPs were set up as subordinate plans of the RVDP, so structural problems such as the positions of the plans, inadequacy in the procedures of approval and collecting opinions were identified. Such problems were pointed out as the cause of the LP to deal with the contents of the basic designs of the RVDP. The schemes to resolve the problems are to give equal positions to the LPs and to the basic plans of the RVDP. When the results of this study are reflected on the policies, the LP will effectively carry out the functions of formation and management of continued scenery preservation of rural villages.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제5호
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• pp.83-107
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• 2007

The continuous struggle to establish virtual reality on the stage during the history of Western Theater has been centered upon the development of scenographic setting and devices. It began with the Classical Greek drama where the place of performance became separated from the place of the audience. These two places were united as the orchestra - the place of the Dionysiac festival in the earliest stage of the Greek theater. And the skene, once a storage building outside the theatrical area, became an essential factor of the scenic space to provide illusion of the other world where the actors dwell. As a natural consequence it followed the structural change of Roman theater where the stage became a high and wide platform and the skene converted into the permanent stone scaenae frons. Such a tradition of the Classical theater was revived in Italian Renaissance and Baroque theater, which succeeded Vitruvius' concept of scaenographia as well as the vestiges of Imperial Roman theater. The cases of Serlio, Palladio, and Andrea Pozzo reveal the way how Western theater conjured the fictional space by traditional representational scenery, including architectural background setting and painted devices. It resulted in the physical and emotional division of actors' space and audience's space. The rejection of representational scenery upon the stage by avant garde artists like Edward Gordon Craig in the early years of the twentieth century should be interpreted as an attempt to recover an emotional attachment of actors and the audience, which was the case of Greek antiquity. This new scenogrpahic endeavor in modern theater is to challenge the main purpose of traditional scaenae frons to establish the boundary of the illusional 'scene' of performance where the audience should remain as passive spectators, and instead, to try to unite the action of actors and the audience upon the stage as a 'place'.