• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2007

The alloying effects on the electronic structures of Zinc are investigated using the relativistic $DV-X{\alpha}molecular$ orbital method in order to obtain useful information for alloy design. A new parameter which is the d obital energy level(Md) and the bonder order(Bo) of alloying elements in Zinc was introduced and used for prediction of the mechanical properties. The Md correlated with the atomic radius and the electronegativity of elements. The Bo is a measure of the strength of the covalent bond between M and X atoms. First-principles calculations of electronic structures were performed with a series of models composed of a MZn18 cluster and the electronic states were calculated by the discrete variational- $X{\alpha}method$ by using the program code SCAT. The central Zinc atom(M) in the cluster was replaced by various alloying elements. In this study energy level structures of pure Zinc and alloyed Zinc were calculated. From calculated results of energy level structures in MZn18 cluster, We found Md and Bo values for various elements of Zn. In this work, Md and Bo values correlated to the tensile strength for the Zn. These results will give some guide to design of zinc based alloys for high temperature applications and it is possible the excellent alloys design.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.436-437
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• 2000

A 63-year-old male who had subtotal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer three months ago underwent Tc-99m bone scintigraphy for the evaluation of skeletal metastases. He had no symptoms such as fever, tenderness, or wound discharge. On physical examination, the surgical scat along the midline of the upper abdomen had keloid formation and there was no radiographic evidence of calcification. Bone scintigraphy (Fig. 1A & 1B) demonstrated all unusual linear increased uptake along the midline of the upper abdomen that corresponded to the,skin incision for subtotal gastrectomy. Usually, an incisional scar will not be visualized in Tc-99m methylene diphosphate (MDP) scintigraphy beyond two weeks after surgery.$^{1)}$ Upon reviewing the literature, there were only a few reports where localization of Tc-99m MDP in surgical scars were found two months after surgery.$^{2)}$ It was also reported that a few cases with Tc-99m MDP uptake in the keloid scar developed after surgery. Although there are several potential mechanisms that may explain the uptake of Tc-99m MDP in scar tissue, the primary mechanism in older scars is suggested to be a result of pathological calcification.$^{2)}$ Siddiqui et al$^{3)}$ suggested it could be due to microscopic calcification in small resolving hematomas. However, the primary mechanism in keloid scar is not well-known. We should obtain oblique or lateral views to differentiate the uptake in healing surgical scars from the artifactual uptake.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the emotional characteristics of the Sasang constitution with the Core Seven Emotions Inventory (CSEI) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Methods: A total of 224 participants were assessed with a Sasang Constitutional Analysis Tool (SCAT) for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis, and completed the Core Seven Emotions Inventory (CSEI) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: 1. From the results of the CSEI, Soeumin showed a significantly higher fear (恐) score than the Soyangin. 2. From the results of the TCI, Soeumin showed a significantly higher harm avoidance (HA) score than Taeeumin and Soyangin. Moreover, the Soyangin showed a significantly higher reward dependence (RD) score than Taeeumin and Soeumin. 3. In the correlation tests of the CSEI sub-scales, there was negative correlation between joy (喜) and other emotions, which are thoughts (思), depression (憂), sorrow (悲) and fear (恐). There were positive correlations between the emotions except joy (喜). 4. In the correlation tests of the TCI sub-scales, there was negative correlation between HA and persistence (P), and HA and SD. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between RD and cooperativeness (C) and between P and self-directedness (SD). 5. In the correlation tests of the TCI and CSEI, joy (喜) showed a negative correlation with HA and a positive correlation with P and with SD. Anger (怒) showed a negative correlation with C and other emotions except joy (喜) showed a negative correlation with RD. Conclusions: The differences of psychological characteristics in Sasang Constitution were shown with CSEI and TCI from this study.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2020

Objectives: S-HTP is a projective test of cognitive activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the response characteristics in the S-HTP test as they related to seven emotions and cognitive processes. Methods: 153 students underwent S-HTP testing. 10 students were excluded and a total of 143 students' data was used for the study. 143 students were classified into four groups by SCAT. A survey was conducted on seven emotions and cognitive processes painting the Whole picture, house, tree, and person, and after receiving IRB review exemption, the chi-square test was conducted to check homogeneity of the groups by gender and age. Finally, frequency analysis by constitution for each item was conducted. Results: The reaction characteristics of S-HTP, focusing on the seven emotions and cognitive processes detailed by Korean Medicine, are as follows: 1. The primary sentiment while drawing during S-HTP was 'Joy (hui)' followed by 'Thought (sah)'. 2. The sentiments while painting during the S-HTP test, and the emotions of looking at the picture after the S-HTP test, increased in 'Joy (hui)' and decreased in 'Thought (sah)'. 3. 'Thought (Sah)' was the highest scored process while drawing S-HTP, followed by 'jee (智)'. However, 'ryeo (慮)' was similar to 'jee (智)' in an unclassifiable constitution. Conclusions: The primary characteristics of the S-HTP test response are 'Joy (hui)' and 'Thought (sah)' in emotion, and 'sah (思)' and 'jee (智)' in cognitive processes. Therefore, it is necessary to verify this during the S-HTP test.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2022

The Chinese crested tern (Thalasseus bersteini) is one of the most globally endangered species, listed as "Critically Endangered (CE)" on the IUCN Red List, with only approximately 30-49 individuals surviving in the wild. Chinese crested terns were discovered to breed in South Korea for the first time in 2016 while conducting a census on uninhabited islands. The Ministry of Environment has declared the breeding habitat of the Chinese crested terns as "Specified Island" to protect this CE species. However, brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) inhabiting the breeding grounds of the Chinese crested terns and Black-tailed gulls may potentially pose a threat to the breeding of these avian species. Therefore, we conducted a study on the feeding behavior of brown rats involving stable isotope analysis to determine their food sources. Fecal analysis showed that brown rats mainly fed on plants, whereas they scarcely fed on animals, such as insects. In addition, the stable isotope analysis showed that the δ¹³C values of brown rats, insects, and Indian goosegrasses were approximately -16 to -11‰, whereas the δ¹³C value of Chinese crested terns that obtained their food from the marine ecosystem was approximately -22 to -18‰. Hence, we conclude that the source of carbon for brown rats on this island is the terrestrial ecosystem. We ruled out the possibility of any direct prey-predator interaction between the brown rat and the Chinese crested tern or Black-tailed gull.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.496-504
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• 2021

Background: With the increasing demand for industrial robots and the "noncontact" trend, it is an appropriate point in time to examine whether risk assessments conducted for robot operations are performed effectively to identify and eliminate the risks of injury or harm to operators. This study discusses why robot accidents resulting in harm to operators occur repetitively despite implementing control measures and proposes corrective actions for risk assessments. Methods: This study collected 369 operator-injured robot accidents in Korea over the last decade and reconstructed them into the mechanism of injury, work being undertaken, and bodily location of the injury. Then, through the techniques of Systematic Cause Analysis Technique (SCAT) and Root Cause Analysis (RCA), this study analyzed the root and direct causes of robot accidents that had occurred. Causes identified included physical hazards and complex combinations of hazards, such as psychological, organizational, and systematic errors. The requirements of risk assessments regarding robot operations were examined, and three case studies of robot-involved tasks were investigated. The three assessments presented were: camera module processing, electrical discharge machining, and a panel-flipping robot installation. Results: After conducting RCA and comparing the three assessments, it was found that two-thirds of injury-occurring from robot accidents, causative factors included psychological and personal traits of robot operators. However, there were no evaluations of the identifications of personal aspects in the three assessment cases. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that personal factors of operators, which had been overlooked in risk assessments so far, need to be included in future risk assessments on robot operations.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2024

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the influence of various sleep-related factors that affect sleep quality by each Sasang type. Methods A total of 400 subjects were included for this study, 108 males and 292 females. Sasang type was diagnosed using the SCAT. Then, the characteristics of each Sasang type were analyzed using HRV, DITI, and PSQI, PSS, and SDFI questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict sleep-related factors that affect sleep disorders by Sasang types. Results This study shows that the pathophysiological characteristics for stress and digestive function of each Sasang type can differentiate sleep management through a logistic regression model including subscales of PSS and SDFI. Stress had no effect on the occurrence of sleep disturbance within only So-Eum, since the stress level is originally high in the So-Eum regardless of sleep quality. Rather, decreased appetite and poor eating habits had a significant impact on the decline in sleep quality. In addition, poor digestion and eating habits in So-Yang had a greater impact and poor digestion in Tae-Eum had a greater impact on the decline in sleep quality. Conclusion The stress and subscales of digestive function provide differentiated sleep management in So-Yang, Tae-Eum, and So-Eum types. The individualized sleep management for each Sasang type with statistically validated PSS and SDFI would be useful for sleep-related experts planning safe and effective person-centered health care as well as for Western clinicians who want to incorporate Sasang typology into their treatments as integrative medical technique in the future.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 고해상도인 아리랑 2호(KOMPSAT-2)와 ENVISAT ASAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar) 마이크로웨이브 위성 영상을 이용한 유류 분포 면적 추정과 저해상도인 해색위성 자료를 이용하여 허베이스피리트호 유류오염 사고 발생 전후의 클로로필 a 농도를 분석하였다. KOMPSAT-2와 ASAR 위성에서 추정된 유출유 확산 분포 면적은 각각 59,456 $m^2$ 과 1,168 $km^2$로 추정되었다. QuickScat 위성관측 바람은 유류오염 사고 전후에 북풍과 북서풍이 우세하였고, 유류오염 사고 당시 바람은 10m/s 이상의 강한 북서풍이 탁월하였다. 태안과 안면도 연안해역의 클로로필 a의 월별 농도는 유류사고 당시인 2007년 12월에 각각 2.9 mg/$m^3$과 2.5 /$m^3$ 이었으나, 그 한 달 후인 2008년 1월에는 각각 6.3 mg/$m^3$과 3.7 mg/$m^3$로 클로로필 a 농도가 현저하게 증가하였다. 또한, 이들 지역에서 콜로로필 a 농도의 단기변화는 유류오염 사고 발생 1-2 주일 후에 그 농도가 감소한 것을 알았다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.219-223
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• 2007

GMS(Geostational Meteorological Satellite), GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite), MTSAT(Multi-Funcional Transport Satellite) 등의 정지기상위성은 거의 매시간 기상상황을 감시하고 태풍정보를 실시간 분석할 수 있어 드보락(Dvorak, 1975)등에 의해 이를 이용한 가시영상이나 적외영상기반의 태풍중심강도를 분석기법(드보락의 VIS/IR 분석법) 및 적외강조영상 분석기법(드보락의 EIR 분석법)이 개발되었다(Dvorak，1975, 1984). 그러나 주관적인 드보락의 VIS/IR 분석 법 및 EIR 분석법에 의한 결과는 분석자마다 다를 수 있고，절차 또한 복잡하여 시급성을 요하는 태풍 분석에서 취약점으로 지적되어 왔다. 이러한 주관적 방법의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 디지럴화된 영상과 자동 객관화된 알고리즘을 적용하는 객관 드보락 기법 (Advanced Objective Dvorak Technique, 이하 AODT)이 개발되었고(Velden et al, 1998), Zehr(1989)에 의해 비행기 관측자료등을 통해 보정되고 있다. 기상청에서는 2001 년부터 GMS 위성 관측영상을 이용하여 태풍의 중심위치를 분석하고，태풍강도를 정량화하기 위해 주관 드보락 기법 (Subjective Dvorak Technique 이하 SDT)을 이용하여 태풍중심위치와 강도정보를 실시간 예보관 및 일반인에게 제공하고 있다. 그러나 주관적인 드보락 기법이 분석자에 따라 다른 결과가 도출 될 수 있어, 이를 보완하기 위해 QuikSCAT 해상풍 관측자료, 정지 및 극 궤도위성자료를 활용한 해수면온도 둥 위성 분석자료와 기타 관측자료를 참조하고 있다. 정지기상위성자료를 이용한 드보락기법은 적외영상만으로 태풍중심 위치와 강도를 분석할 수 있는 장점 외에 앞에서 열거한 몇 가지 극복되지 못한 한계도 있으나，SSM/I 둥 기타 위성자료의 관측시간대와 분석정보 부족 등으로 정지기상위성자료를 이용한 드보락 기법을 대체할만한 현업용 분석기법이 개발되지 못했다. 기상청에서는 기존의 태풍분석업무를 개선하기 위해서 2005년부터 AODT를 도입하여 그 성능을 시험분석하고, 2006년 6월부터 AODT를 현업화하여 실시간 태풍강도분석 에 활용하였으며 2006년 제 3호 태풍 에위니아(EWINIAR)부터 두리안(DURlAN)까지 19개 태풍 434개 시간대자료를 분석한 결과 SDT 강도분석결과와 0.90의 상관도를 보였다. 또한 AODT 알고리즘이 기본적으로 대서양에서 발생하는 태풍에 초점을 두고 개발되어 북서태평양에서 발생하는 태풍에 직접 적용하기에는 어려움이 있는 것으로 알려져 있으므로(Velden et al. 1998), 이의 개선을 위하여 태풍강도지수인 SDT CI(Current Intensity) 수와 AODT CI 수간의 통계적 관계를 밝히고 신경망을 이용한 비선형 주성분 분석 (Hieh，2004)등을 통해 AODT CI 수 보정 시도를 하였다. 이와 더불어, 기상청은 근원적 객관 알고리즘 개선을 위해 AODT 자체 알고리즘 분석과 위성자료 DB 구축 동의 노력을 기울이고 있다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.970-975
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• 2012

In Sasang constitutional medicine, doctors diagnose and treat patients according to their Sasang consitutition (SC) type. In this work, by a clinical test with a radial pulse tonometer, we investigated radial pulse properties which were significant in distinguishing unhealthy subjects from healthy subjects for each SC type. We measured radial pulse properties on left and right Gwan locations with a pulse tonometer for 299 elderly female subjects of age of 50 years old or above. We used a newly developed SCAT system to determine subjects' SC types. Subjects' health levels of either healthy or unhealthy were determined independently by two Korean medical doctors. To investigate the statistical differences, we used either of Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on the normality of distribution of test statistic. For TE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in heart rate, systolic to diastolic period, pulse depth, while they showed significant decreases in width of pulse in normal direction, pulse area in diastolic period, and high harmonic components (6th, 7th) of power spectral density. For SE type, unhealthy subjects were characterized with significant increases in pulse pressure and pulse depth, while no significant differences were found for SY type. We investigated the characteristic differences in radial pulse properties due to change in health levels on each SC type for elderly females. Pulse variables which were significantly different between healthy subjects and unhealthy subjects were found to vary between SC types. For TE type subjects, many variables were found significant at the left Gwan location, which is in support of the theory of hyperactive liver functioning for TE type. Irrespective of the constitution, the related changes in the pulse properties due to worsened health level were in support of elevated blood flow amount in compensation with weakened blood circulatory function.