• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.199-204
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the development of the anammox process by the use of granular sludge selected from a digestion reactor as a potential seed source in a lab-scale UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor system. The reactor was operated for approximately 11 months and was fed by synthetic wastewater. After 200 days of feeding with $NH_4^+\;and\;NO_2^-$ as the main substrates, the biomass showed steady signs of ammonium consumption, resulting in over 60% of ammonium nitrogen removal. This report aims to present the results and to more closely examine what occurs after the onset of anammox activity, while the previous work described the start-up experiment and the presence of anammox bacteria in the enriched community using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. By the last month of operation, the consumed $NO_2^--N/NH_4^+-N$ ratio in the UASB reactor was close to 1.32, the stoichiometric ratio of the anammox reaction. The obtained results from the influent-shutdown test suggested that nitrite concentration would be one key parameter that promotes the anammox reaction during the start-up enrichment of anammox bacteria from granular sludge. During the study period, the sludge color gradually changed from black to red-brownish.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.109-114
• /
• 2007

In mass production of seed-potato plantlets, the processes for in vitro propagation and ex vitro acclimatization with a high cost should be improved by a culture system with environmental control using scaled-up culture vessels. The experiment was conducted to design a hydroponic culture system for enhancement of growth and development of seed-potato (Solanum tuberosum) plantlets cultured under photoautotrophic (without sugar in culture medium) conditions with controlled light intensity and ventilation rate. The culture system was consisted of scaled-up culture vessels, ventilation pipes, a multi-cell tray and an environmental control system (ECS) for optimum controlling in temperature, light intensity, ventilation rate, and culture-medium supply. Growth and development of the plantlets was significantly increased under the ECS compared with a conventional culture system (CCS) of photomixotrophic culture (with sugar in culture medium) using small scale vessels. For 21 days, leaf area of the plantlets was expanded more than 2 times, and number of internodes also approximately 4 times greate. under the ECS. In addition, the photoautotrophic growth in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) and chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) plantlets was greater more than 2 times compared with the CCS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.770-775
• /
• 2000

Several process parameters were studied to ascertain the effect on degradation of sugar cane bagasse in relation to the production of cellulase enzyme and reducing sugars by Solid Substrate Fermentation (SSF) and Submerged Culture Fermentation (SCF) of Aspergillus terreus SUK-1. The effect of air-flow rate (0-1.3 v/v/m), of different ratios of substrate weight to liquid volume (1:6, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:30 w/v, g/ml), scale-up effect (10, 20, and 100 times of 1:10 ration, w/v) and the effect of temperature (30, 40, 50, and $60^{\circ}C$) in SSF were studied. Air-flow rate of 1.0 v/v/m gave the highest enzyme activity (FPase 0.25 IU/ml, CMCase 1.24 IU/ml) and reducing sugars concentration (0.72 mg/ml). Experiment using 1:10 ratio (w/v) was found to support maximum cellulase activity (FPase 0.58 IU/ml, CMCase 1.97 IU/ml) and reducing sugar concentration (1.23 mg/ml). Scaling-up the ratio of 1:10(w/v) by a factor of 20 gave the highest cellulase activity (FPase 0.71 IU/ml, CMCase 2.25 IU/ml) and reducing sugar concentration (3.67 mg/ml). The optimum temperature for cellulase activity and reducing sugar production was $50^{\circ}C$(FPase 0.792 IU/ml, CMCase 2.25 IU/ml and 3.85 mg/ml for reducing sugar concentration). For SCF, the activity of cellulase enzyme and reducing sugar concentration was found to be lower than that obtained for SSF. The highest cellulase activity obtained in SCF was 50% lower than the highest cellulase activity in SSF, while for reducing sugar concentration, the highest concentration obtained in SCF was 90% lower than that obtained in SSF.

• 방송공학회논문지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.621-642
• /
• 2021

본 논문에서는 현재 방송 중인 Full HD, Up-scaling UHD, 4K UHD Native의 세 가지 콘텐츠품질을 대상으로 일반 가정의 TV 시청거리인 2.5m 거리에서 55, 65, 75인치 세 가지 크기의 TV수상기를 이용하여 주관적 화질평가를 실시하였다. 본 화질평가 실험은 화질평가 응답이 부적합한 4명의 데이터를 제외한 169명의 데이터를 대상으로 SPSS 25.0를 이용하여 콘텐츠품질이 성별, 수상기 크기, 선호프로그램 장르에 따른 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 측정기를 통한 객관적 화질평가와 주관적 화질평가 결과도 비교 분석하였다.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.899-918
• /
• 2018

Upcycling is the process of repurposing abandoned resources or useless products into products of better quality or higher environmental value. Upcycling products are evaluated to be sustainable because they demonstrate environmental values. However, domestic upcycling companies are operating on a small scale with a slow growth rate. This study aims to examine the value and risk factors of upcycling products from previous literature and clarify the effect of these ambivalent characteristics on purchase intention. This provides direction regarding factors upcycling companies should focus on. The data were collected via an online experiment with women in their 20s and 30s residing in South Korea, nationwide. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0. Analysis of this data suggests that environmental, design, and self-expression value positively affect purchase intention. This extends previous upcycling literature by identifying design and self-expression value as important antecedents of purchase intention. However, in contrast to previous literature, no significant effect of performance or diversity risk was found. These results indicate that ethical attitude has a moderating effect on the relationship between environmental value and purchase intention. This study confirms that consumers intend to purchase upcycling products when they possess not only environmental value but also design and self-expression value.

• 한국지리정보학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2006

최근 우리는 항공 혹은 위성 영상 등에서 방대한 고해상도 지형 데이터를 접하고 있다. 여러 연구 및 응용에서 이러한 관심 지역의 대규모의 지리 정보 혹은 전체 행성 데이터에 대해서 실시간 시각화를 필요로 하고 있다. 널리 사용되고 있는 지형 실시간 시각화의 핵심적인 연산은 다중 상세도 수준 구조에서 참여자의 시점을 고려한 상세도 수준의 선택이다. 대규모 지리 데이터에 대해서 이러한 실시간 영상 생성을 수행하기 위해서는 실시간 영상 생성 시간 이전에 다계층 품질 계층구조를 구성하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 전체 행성 응용을 위하여 정육면체 4-8 타일 구조를 선택하였다. 이를 기반으로, 원시 지형 정보 영역의 해당하는 단말 수준의 타일 구조를 선택적으로 구성하고, 생성된 타일에 대해서 샘플링을 통하여 단말 수준의 타일을 구성한다. 로우 패스 필터를 이용하여 상향식으로 저해상도 타일을 구성하여 전체 4-8 타일 다계층 구조를 완성한다. 본 연구는 비메모리 저장소에 4-8 타일 구조를 구성하기 위한 효과적인 일련의 방법론을 구체화하였으며, 공개되어 있는 전체 화성 지형 및 영상 데이터에 대해서 실험하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.225-238
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 토목섬유 보강재의 시공중 손상 정도를 규명하기 위하여 국내에서 많이 사용되고 있는 주요 토목섬유 보강재 제품(7개 사의 15 종류)을 대상으로 다양한 입도의 성토재료를 적용한 현장내시공성시험을 수행하였다. 현장내시공성시험은 FHWA(2009) 지침을 참조하여 수행하였으며, 다짐시공 후 추출된 토목섬유 보강재 시료에서 인장강도 시편(크기 $0.2m{\times}1.4m$)을 최대 20개 이상 균등하게 샘플링하여 인장강도시험을 수행함으로써 시공에 따른 인장강도 감소 정도를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 성토재료의 다짐시공으로 인한 토목섬유 보강재의 인장강도 감소 정도는 토목섬유 보강재의 종류와 성토재료의 최대입경에 크게 영향을 받으며, 비교적 강성이 작은 PET 결합형 지오그리드(PVC 코팅)의 인장강도 감소율이 가장 크게 나타났고, 전반적으로 성토재료의 최대입경이 클수록 인장강도 감소율은 더욱 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 이 시험결과와 함께 기 수행된 현장내시공성시험 결과들을 분석하여 토목섬유 보강재의 시공성 감소계수를 보다 합리적으로 평가할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제16권12호
• /
• pp.8116-8127
• /
• 2015

본 논문에서는 고정식 노즐 배치를 가진 대형 강우모사장치(KICT-ERS)와 이를 이용한 강우 분포 실험결과를 분석하였다. 강우 분사에 영향을 미치는 노즐 유량 실험 결과 실내 장치를 이용한 표준오차의 백분율은 0.15~0.38%였으며, KICT-ERS에 장착한 오차는 0.37~0.59%로 나타났다. 노즐의 분사 범위를 검토하기 위한 방사형과 삼각형 실험을 실시하였다. 방사형 실험에서 1개 노즐 분사시 균일계수가 0.348~0.657이었으나 주변 노즐을 포함할 경우 균일계수가 0.854~0.895로 높아져서 노즐 분사의 중첩에 의한 강우강도 증가 및 균일도 제고가 확인되었다. 삼각형 실험 결과의 균일계수는 0.845~0.896으로 나타났다. KICT-ERS 전체 범위에 대한 실험 결과 $1.5{\phi}$ 노즐의 1개 실험 케이스를 제외하면 모든 조건에서 균일계수는 0.7을 넘었으며, 균일계수는 강우강도가 증가함에 따라 높아지는 특성을 보였다. 기존 연구와의 비교 결과 KICT-ERS는 대체로 평균 이상의 균일계수를 제공하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.12-27
• /
• 2007

This fundamental studies on for the productivity improvement and laborsaving of purse seine fishery. Given the difficulty posed from the distortion of net shape caused by the external forces, such as tide, at the time of shooting and pursing, we set the 4 steps of 0, 2, 4 and 6cm/sec in flow velocity in the flume tank for the experiment in order to examine those characteristics. We used two model seines designed on the scale of 1 to 180 based on the power block seine, which is the mackerel purse seine generally used in the near sea of Jeju Island and triplex seine, which is the mackerel purse seine of one boat system fishing expected in the future, for the experiment, and interpreted the characteristics of several motion in water, such as the shape of seine, the change in tension and area during pursing and its the analysis results are as follows. Though the experiment could be conducted up to 6cm/sec of flow velocity that was defined, the experiment could not go on because of the severe distortion in the seine at the flow velocity in excess of 6cm/sec. As for the depth of leadline and reduction rate of side area of seine when the pursing is connected, P seine turned out to be slightly higher than T seine, and the hauling speed and reduction rate of upper area of seine were found similar to each other. The correlation between the hauling time (Ht) and depth of lead line (Dhp, Dht) of P seine and T seine can be expressed by the equation, that is, Dhp=(0.99Pt-7.63)Pt+69.01, Dht=(1.03Pt-7.73)Pt+66.74. The correlation between the hauling time and hauling velocity (Hpp, Hpt) can be expressed by the equation, that is, $Hpp=-0.06Ht^2+0.88Ht+0.78,\;Hpt=-0.05Ht^2+0.81Ht+0.98$ here, Pt is pursing time. And the correlation between the pursing time and the reduction rate of side area (sArp, sArt) can be expressed by the equation, that is, $sArp=-0.48Pt^2+14.79Pt-16.74,\;sArt=-0.45Pt^2+14.56Pt-16.48$. The reduction rate of upper area of seine (tArp, tArt) can be expressed by the equation, that is, $tArp=0.34Pt^2-0.66Pt-0.74,\;tArt=0.34Pt^2-0.27Pt-1.80$. In addition, the correlation between the pursing time and tension of purse line (Tep, Tet) can be expressed by the equation, that is, $Tep=2.79Pt^2+2.26Pt-0.60,\;Tet=2.14Pt^2+8.08Pt-27.50$.

• 식물조직배양학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.309-315
• /
• 2000

Panax ginseng is an important medicinal plant that has been used worldwide for geriatric, tonic, stomachic, and aphrodisiac treatments. Ginsenosides contained in the ginseng root are the main substances having active functions for human body. The price of ginseng is very expensive due to a complex process of cultivation, and the yield of ginseng is limited, which cannot meet the demand of the increasing market. Researchers have applied plant biotechnology to solve the problems but there are still things to be determined towards ginsenoside production by large-scale adventitious root culture. In this experiment, 5 to 20 liter bioreactors were employed to determine optimal conditions for adventitious root culture and ginsenoside production of Panax gineng. Callus was induced from the ginseng root on MS agar medium containing 1.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ 2,4-D and 0.1 mg. $L^{-1}$ kinetin. Then the callus was cultured on MS agar medium supplemented with 2.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ IBA, 0.1 mg. $L^{-1}$ kinetin, and 30 g. $L^{-1}$ to induce adventitious roots. The maximum root growth and ginsenoside production were obtained in 1/2 MS medium. 2.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ naphthalene acetic acid resulted in greater root growth than 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ indole-3-butyric acid. Ginsenoside content increased with 2.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ benzyl adenin or kinetin. High concentrations of benzyl adenin (above 3.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ ) decreased the adventitious root growth and ginsenoside productivity. N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ inhibited the ginsenoside accumulation, while high concentrations of $K^{+}$, $Mg_{2}$$^{+}$, and $Ca_{2}$$^{+}$ increased it. N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ at 0.5 and 1.0 times of the normal amount in 3/4 SH medium resulted in the greatest biomass increase, but the highest ginsenoside productivity was obtained when N $O_{3}$$^{-}$ was used as the sole nitrogen source in the medium. Most microelements at high concentrations in the medium inhibited the root growth, but high concentrations of MnS $O_4$enhanced the root growth. Root dry weight increased with increasing sucrose concentrations up to 50 g. $L^{-1}$ , but decreased from 70 g $L^{-1}$ Ginsenoside productivity was maximized at the range of 20 to 30 g. $L^{-1}$ sucrose. In the experiment on bioreactor types, cone and balloon types were determined to be favorable for both adventitious root growth and ginsenoside production. Jasmonic acid was effective for increasing ginsenoside contents and Rb group ginsenosides mainly increased. These results could be employed in commercial scale bioreactor cultures of Panax ginseng.x ginseng.