• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.5-19
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to observe the microleakage of composite resin filling using several glass ionomer cements. The Class V cavities of eighty noncarious human molars were prepared at the cementoenamel juction on the facial and lingual surfaces of each tooth with a No.330 carbide bur in a high speed handpiece. The cavity dimensions were $3.0{\pm}0.5mm$ wide, $2.0{\pm}0.5mm$ high, and $1.5{\pm}0.5mm$ deep and all enamel cavosurface margins were beveled with a No.558 carbide bur in low speed handpiece. The bevel was approximately $45^{\circ}$ and 0.5-1.0mm in width. A total of the 160 cavities was divided into four groups, and then 144 cavities among them were three experimental groups and remaining sixteen cavities were control group. All of the prepared cavities were restored as follows: group 1 : Preparations were restored with there three glass ionomer cements. group 2 : Preparations were restored with a composite resin with three glass ionomer cement bases placed $0.2{\pm}0.1mm$ short of the cavosurface margin. group 3 : Preparations were restored with a composite resin with three glass ionomer cement bases extened to the cavosurface margin. group 4 : As control group, preparations were restored with a composite resin, PALFIQUE. The specimens were then thermocycled in a range of $6^{\circ}C-60^{\circ}C$ and immersed in a bath of 2.0% aqueous basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. Dye penetration was read on a scale of 0 to 4 by Tani and Buonocore's method. The following conclusions were derived from the results obtained; 1. All groups showed significantly more leakage at the gingival margins than at the occlusal margins(p<0.0005). 2. At the gingival margins, group 1 showed less leakage than group 3(p<0.01) and group 4(p<0.0005), while group 3 exhibited less leakage than group 2(p<0.01) and group 4(p<0.0005). 3. At the occlusal margins, group 4 showed less leakage than group 3(p<0.1) and group 1(p<0.005), while group 3 exhibited less leakage than group 2(p>0.1) and group 1(p<0.025).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1785-1791
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• 2020

In a previous study, the sequential optimization and regulation of environmental parameters using the PhotoBiobox were demonstrated with high-throughput screening tests. In this study, we estimated changes in the biovolume-based composition of a polyculture built in vitro and composed of three algal strains: Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., and Parachlorella sp. We performed this work using the PhotoBiobox under different temperatures (10-36℃) and light intensities (50-700 μmol m^-2 s^-1) in air and in 5% CO₂. In 5% CO₂, Chlorella sp. exhibited better adaptation to high temperatures than in air conditions. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the composition of Parachlorella sp. was highly related to temperature whereas Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. showed negative correlations in both air and 5% CO₂. Furthermore, light intensity slightly affected the composition of Scenedesmus sp., whereas no significant effect was observed in other species. Based on these results, it is speculated that temperature is an important factor in influencing changes in algal polyculture community structure (PCS). These results further confirm that the PhotoBiobox is a convenient and available tool for performance of lab-scale experiments on PCS changes. The application of the PhotoBiobox in PCS studies will provide new insight into polyculture-based ecology.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.39-60
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• 2017

소프트웨어 제품라인 공학은 체계적인 소프트웨어 재사용을 위한 효과적인 방법으로 널리 인식되고 있으며, 기존 소프트웨어 개발 실무와 프로세스를 소프트웨어 제품라인으로 전환하기 위한 연구가 진행되어 오고 있다. 기존 소프트웨어 개발을 제품라인으로 전환하기 위해서는 수행조직, 적절한 프로세스 선택 및 수정, 도구의 지원 등 많은 투자가 요구된다. 특히 소규모 기업에서 소프트웨어 제품라인 공학 기술을 본격적으로 도입하기 앞서 적절한 비즈니스 사례와 소프트웨어 제품라인 공학의 적용에 대한 구체적인 실무가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 웹 시스템 군의 개발에 소프트웨어 제품라인 공학을 적용하는데 따른 실질적인 사례와 소프트웨어 자산을 체계적으로 구축하고 재사용하는 과정을 제시하였다. 이를 위해, 다수의 웹 개발 프로젝트를 분석하였으며 소규모의 기업이 소프트웨어 제품라인을 채택하는데 따른 경험과 다양한 고려사항들을 제시하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 정맥수액주입 교육을 위해 VR 360도 영상콘텐츠를 졸업학년의 간호대학생에게 적용한 후 감정이입과 몰입을 파악함으로서 향후 VR 360도 교육용 콘텐츠 활용에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 시도되었다. VR 360도 정맥수액주입 교육용 콘텐츠는 기획, 제작, 수정 및 완료의 4단계 과정으로 개발되었다. 본 연구의 설계는 서술적 조사연구로 연구기간은 2019년 11월 9일에서부터 11월 22일까지였다. 연구대상은 일개 대학의 4학년 간호대학생으로 총 64명이었다. 간호대학생은 연구자의 안전관리 하에 HMD(head mounted display)를 이횽한 VR 360도 정맥주입 교육용 콘텐츠를 감상하였다. 연구결과 간호대학생의 감정이입은 7점 만점 기준에 5.32±0.88점이었고, 몰입은 6.02±0.84점이었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 VR 360도 정맥수액주입 교육용 콘텐츠는 교과 및 비교과에서 교육매체로 사용할 수 있을 것이며, 향후 연구에서 교수학습방법을 구체적으로 개발하고 검증할 필요가 있다.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1996년도 제11차 KACG 학술발표회 Crystalline Particle Symposium (CPS)
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• pp.285-309
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• 1996

Non oxide ceramics such as nitrides of transition metals have shown significant potential for future economic impact, in diverse applications in ceramic, aerospace and electronic industries, as refractory products, abrasives and cutting tools, aircraft components, and semi-conductor substrates amid others. Combustion synthesis has become an attractive alternative to the conventional furnace technology to produce these materials cheaply, faster and at a higher level of purity. However he process os highly exothermic and manifests complex dynamics due to its strongly non-linear nature. In order to develop an understanding of this process and to study the effect of operational parameters on the final outcome, numerical modeling is necessary, which would generated essential knowledge to help scale-up the process. the model is based on a system of parabolic-hyperbolic partial differential equations representing the heat, mass and momentum conservation relations. The model also takes into account structural change due to sintering and volumetric expansion, and their effect on the transport properties of the system. The solutions of these equations exhibit steep moving spatial gradients in the form of reaction fronts, propagating in space with variable velocity, which gives rise to varying time scales. To cope with the possibility of extremely abrupt changes in the values of the solution over very short distances, adaptive mesh techniques can be applied to resolve the high activity regions by ordering grid points in appropriate places. To avoid a control volume formulation of the solution of partial differential equations, a simple orthogonal, adaptive-mesh technique is employed. This involves separate adaptation in the x and y directions. Through simple analysis and numerical examples, the adaptive mesh is shown to give significant increase in accuracy in the computations.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2017

1920년대를 다룬 피츠제럴드의 소설 "위대한 개츠비"를 루어먼은 2013년 영화로 재현하고 있다. 소설에서는 독자가 플롯을 통해 자신의 상상력으로 이야기의 흐름을 파악해야 하지만, 영화 는 소설의 요소에 시청각적인 효과를 융합시키고 있다. 데이지는 패션의 아이콘으로 그녀가 입고 있는 프라다, 샤넬, 그리고 티파니 같은 보석은 재즈 시대의 의상을 현대적인 감각으로 재현하여 관객들에게 볼거리를 제공하면서, 내용을 더욱 잘 이해할 수 있도록 도와주고 있다. 또한 영화에서 시사하고 있는 "재의 계곡", "초록 불빛", "이스트 에그", "웨스트에그"와 같은 그 지역이 주는 상징들은 좀 더 직접적이다. 컴퓨터 그래픽으로 만들어진 개츠비 대저택에서 주말마다 열리는 광란의 파티는 정신적인 혼란과 물질적인 풍요라는 시대적인 분위기를 잘 반영해 주고 있다. 여기에 배우들의 명연기가 소설의 주제를 잘 부각시켜줌으로서 영화로의 융합은 소설을 좀 더 대중적인 예술로 승화시키고 있다. 이러한 것들을 인터넷 자료를 통해 좀 더 체계적으로 살펴본다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2013

연구목적은 재혼가족의 증가로 이들의 적응을 돕는 교육프로그램 필요성에 의해 현재까지의 재혼관련 프로그램을 분석하는 것과, 향후 재혼준비교육프로그램 개발을 위해 고려해야할 사항을 제시하는 것이다. 기존의 총 9개 재혼가족 프로그램 분석을 통해 향후 교육 프로그램 개발 시에 고려할 원칙을 제시하였다. 재혼가족을 적절하게 지원하는 프로그램이 개발되고 실시되어 이들의 건강한 발달과 적응을 돕는 시스템 마련이 필요하기 때문이다. 연구분석 결과 향후 재혼 프로그램은 첫째, 교육내용 구성 시 재혼 유형에 따라 내용을 달리하고, 재혼부부 관계향상과 계부모 역할에 대한 교육, 자녀 출산에 관한 문제를 다뤄야한다. 둘째, 프로그램 개발 원칙으로서 문제지향적 관점을 지양하고, 재혼가족 기능향상에 초점을 두고, 재혼가족의 적응요인을 제시하여야 한다. 셋째, 교육방법 면에서 심리적 상담 프로그램 도입, 재혼준비도 척도지 활용, 재혼자녀 포함, 가족행사와 가족의례 연습 부분을 도입해야 한다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.154-154
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• 2018

To interpret the climate projections for the future as well as present, recognition of the consequences of the climate internal variability and quantification its uncertainty play a vital role. The Korean Peninsula belongs to the Far East Asian Monsoon region and its rainfall characteristics are very complex from time and space perspective. Its internal variability is expected to be large, but this variability has not been completely investigated to date especially using models of high temporal resolutions. Due to coarse spatial and temporal resolutions of General Circulation Models (GCM) projections, several studies adopted dynamic and statistical downscaling approaches to infer meterological forcing from climate change projections at local spatial scales and fine temporal resolutions. In this study, stochastic downscaling methodology was adopted to downscale daily GCM resolutions to hourly time scale using an hourly weather generator, the Advanced WEather GENerator (AWE-GEN). After extracting factors of change from the GCM realizations, these were applied to the climatic statistics inferred from historical observations to re-evaluate parameters of the weather generator. The re-parameterized generator yields hourly time series which can be considered to be representative of future climate conditions. Further, 30 ensemble members of hourly precipitation were generated for each selected station to quantify uncertainty. Spatial map was generated to visualize as separated zones formed through K-means cluster algorithm which region is more inconsistent as compared to the climatological norm or in which region the probability of occurrence of the extremes event is high. The results showed that the stations located near the coastal regions are more uncertain as compared to inland regions. Such information will be ultimately helpful for planning future adaptation and mitigation measures against extreme events.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in anxiety and depression symptoms, comorbidity according to the patterns of temperament and character in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods : The temperament and character inventory (TCI), beck depression inventory (BDI) and beck anxiety inventory (BAI) were administered to 151 PTSD patients classified into four groups of adaptation, vulnerable temperament, immature personality and composite vulnerability according to the results of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). MANOVA and Chi-square tests were conducted to analyze differences in BDI, BAI, temperament and character scores and rate of comorbid disorders between the four groups. Results : The immature character and complex vulnerability group showed the higher rate of comorbid depression disorder. Anxiety and depression severity were significantly different among groups, especially depression severity had higher scores in the immature character and complex vulnerability groups and anxiety severity had higher scores in the complex vulnerability group than adaptive group. The immature character and complex vulnerability groups showed significantly lower score on the temperament scale of reward dependence and persistent. Conclusion : The results demonstrate the significance of adaptive characteristics on anxiety and depression symptoms regardless of vulnerable temperaments, and its consequent role in the management of character factors relative to intervention regarding PTSD.