• 폴리머
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.516-522
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• 2008

생분해성 고분자인 poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)를 이용한 조직공학용 다공성 지지체에서의 공극률, 공극의 크기, 공극의 모양 등은 주입된 세포들이 안착하여 증식하는데 있어서 중요한 요건 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 섬유를 세포와 다공크기와의 관계를 파악하고자 다공형성물질인 염화나트륨을 다섯 개의 범위로 분류하여 용매캐스팅/염추출법을 이용한 다양한 다공크기를 갖는 다공성 지지체를 제조하였다. (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide) (MMT) 분석방법을 이용하여 제조된 지지체에 파종된 섬유륜 세포의 생존율과 증식률을 확인하였으며, in vitro 환경에서의 콜라겐 양과 DNA량을 측정하였다. In vitro 환경에의 세포간의 발생하는 여러 상호작용을 확인하기 위하여 면역결핍 쥐의 피하에 섬유륜 세포가 파종된 지지체를 이식하여 sulfated g1ycosaminoglycan(SGAG)의 합성정도와 조직학적인 평가를 수행하였다. 결론적으로 $180{\sim}250{\mu}m$ 다공크기를 갖는 지지체에서 높은 세포 생존율과 체내에서의 원할한 세포외기질의 형성을 보임으로써 여타의 지지체보다 섬유를 조직 재생에 적절할 것으로 사료된다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2019

Lattice towers and tubular steel poles have been commonly used for electrical power transmission in Korea. They are durable, structurally stable, simple and can easily be constructed in limited spaces. However, residents are opposed to construct transmission lattice towers in their areas because they are not visually attractive, and electrical field occur at the transmission lines. Underground transmissions have been used instead of the traditional towers to resolve these problems, however they are not cost effective to construct and run. Therefore, we have developed eco-friendly towers that are more attractive, well blending into the surrounding environment, and much more economical than underground transmissions. There are four categories of the eco-friendly electric transmission towers about design aspects. Firstly, there is decoration type such as tree tower and ensemble tower. Tree tower looks like actual trees with leaves and branches so it blends into surroundings. Ensemble towers were designed after pair of crane birds. Those towers have decoration features and art works. Structural examination and manufacturing this type would be very similar to the conventional transmission towers. Secondly, there is arm design type such as traditional tower. Design features are added to the existing towers. As partial design can be adoptable on these types, it can easily meet height regulations and attach to conventional lattice towers and tubular steel poles. Also, these towers are more economical than others. Third category is multipurpose type such as Sail Tower. These towers have simple pole or tubular structure with features which can be used as information message board, public relations and much more. This type will face greater wind pressure because of the area of the board, also visibility must take into consideration. Lastly, there is moulding type such as arc pylon. It is different shape to the conventional towers - lattice towers and tubular steel poles. Dramatic design changes have been adapted - from a hard and static tower to a soft and curved tower. These towers will well stand out in the field. However, structural examination and manufacturing this type would be difficult and costly. Also certain towers of this type would require scaffolding or false work to construct, which will result in limitations of the construction area. This paper shows KEPCO 154 kV Sail tower in detail. KEPCO 154 kV Sail tower that is included in fabrication of sample tower and tower testing has developed and the results are presented in this paper. We hope that sail tower is also considered as a solution to have public acceptance or to create a familiar atmosphere among towers and people in coastal area.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1206-1212
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• 2023

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays essential roles in regulating various cellular behaviors, including proliferation, survival, and differentiation [1-3]. The intracellular β-catenin level, which is regulated by a proteasomal degradation pathway, is critical to Wnt/β-catenin pathway control [4]. Normally, casein kinase 1 (CK1) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which form a complex with the scaffolding protein Axin and the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), phosphorylate β-catenin at Ser45, Thr41, Ser37, and Ser33 [5, 6]. Phosphorylated β-catenin is ubiquitinated by the β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP), an F-box E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and ubiquitinated β-catenin is degraded via a proteasome pathway [7, 8]. Colorectal cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Abnormal up-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a major pathological event in intestinal epithelial cells during human colorectal cancer oncogenesis [9]. Genetic mutations in the APC gene are observed in familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) and sporadic colorectal cancers [10]. In addition, mutations in the N-terminal phosphorylation motif of the β-catenin gene were found in patients with colorectal cancer [11]. These mutations cause β-catenin to accumulate in the nucleus, where it forms complexes with transcription factors of the T-cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) family to stimulate the expression of β-catenin responsive genes, such as c-Myc and cyclin D1, which leads to colorectal tumorigenesis [12-14]. Therefore, downregulating β-catenin response transcription (CRT) is a potential strategy for preventing and treating colorectal cancer. Plant cytokinins are N⁶-substituted purine derivatives; they promote cell division in plants and regulate developmental pathways. Natural cytokinins are classified as isoprenoid (isopentenyladenine, zeatin, and dihydrozeatin), aromatic (benzyladenine, topolin, and methoxytopolin), or furfural (kinetin and kinetin riboside), depending on their structure [15, 16]. Kinetin riboside was identified in coconut water and is a naturally produced cytokinin that induces apoptosis and exhibits antiproliferative activity in several human cancer cell lines [17]. However, little attention has been paid to kinetin riboside's mode of action. In this study, we show that kinetin riboside exerts its cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promoting intracellular β-catenin degradation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2001

Chitosan is biodegradable natural polymer that has been demonstrated its ability to improve wound healing, and calcium metaphosphate(CMP) is a unique class of phosphate minerals having a polymeric structure. In this study, chitosan/CMP and platelet derived growth factor(PDGF-BB) loaded chitosan/CMP sponges were developed, and the effect of the sponges on bone regeneration and their possibility as scaffolds for bone formation by three-dimensional osteoblast culture were examined. PDGF-BB loaded chitosan/CMP sponges were prepared by freeze-drying of a mixture of chitosan solution and CMP powder, and soaking in a PDGF-BB solution. Fabricated sponge retained its 3-dimensional porous structure with $100-200\;{\mu}m$ pores. The release kinetics of PDGF-BB loaded onto the sponge were measured in vitro with $^{125}I-labeled$ PDGF-BB. In order to examine their possibility as scaffolds for bone formation, fetal rat calvarial osteoblastic cells were isolated, cultured, and seeded into the sponges. The cell-sponge constructs were cultured for 28 days. Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity were measured at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days, and histologic examination was performed. In order to examine the effect on the healing of bone defect, the sponges were implanted into rat calvarial defects. Rats were sacrificed 2 and 4 weeks after implantation and histologic and histomorphometrical examination were performed. An effective therapeutic concentration of PDGF-BB following a high initial burst release was maintained throughout the examination period. PDGF-BB loaded chitosan/CMP sponges supported the proliferation of seeded osteoblastic cells as well as their differentiation as indicated by high alkaline phosphatase activities. Histologic findings indicated that seeded osteoblastic cells well attached to sponge matrices and proliferated in a multi-layer fashion. In the experiments of implantation in rat calvarial defects, histologic and histomorphometric examination revealed that chitosan/CMP sponge promoted osseous healing as compared to controls. PDGF-BB loaded chitosan/CMP sponge further echanced bone regeneration. These results suggested that PDGF-BB loaded chitosan/CMP sponge was a feasable scaffolding material to grow osteoblast in a three-dimentional structure for transplantation into a site for bone regeneration.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.594-600
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• 2015

단백질-단백질 결합은 다양한 세포내 반응 조절에서 중요한 역할을 한다. Postsynaptic density-95/disks large/ zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) 도메인은 널리 알려진 단백질-단백질 결합 매개 도메인 중 하나이다. PDZ 도메인은 결합 단백질의 카르복실(C)-말단의 특정 motif와 결합한다. Multi-PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1)은 13개 PDZ 도메인을 가지는 단백질로서 다양한 구조단백질 및 신호단백질에 대한 scaffold로 작용한다고 알려져 있지만 MUPP1의 세포 내 기능은 아직 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 MUPP1의 PDZ 도메인과 결합하는 단백질을 규명하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid 방법을 이용하였고 muskelin이 MUPP1과 결합하는 것을 확인하였다. Muskelin은 GAB_AA 수용체(GABA_AR)의 α1 subunit와 결합하며 수용체의 endocytosis와 분해에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Muskelin은 MUPP1의 3번째 PDZ 도메인과 결합하지만, 다른 PDZ 도메인과는 결합하지 않았다. 또한 MUPP1과의 결합에 muskelin의 C-말단부위가 필수적임을 효모 two-hybrid 방법으로 확인하였다. HEK-293T 세포에 MUPP1과 muskelin을 동시에 발현하여 면역 침강한 결과 두 단백질은 같이 면역 침강하였다. 반면에 C-말단 결손 muskelin은 MUPP1과 같이 면역 침강하지 않았다. 또한 muskelin과 MUPP1은 세포내의 같은 위치에서 발현하였다. 이러한 결과들은, muskelin과의 결합을 통해, MUPP1 혹은 MUPP1과 결합하는 단백질이 GABA_AR의 세포내이동과 회전(turnover)을 조절할 가능성을 시사한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.820-826
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• 2014

세포표면 수용체와 통로가 적절히 기능하려면 특정 세포 내 위치로 배치되고 조절되어야 한다. PSD95/Dlg/Zo-1 (PDZ) 도메인은 이러한 배치와 조절을 매개하는 다양한 단백질들을 인식하고 이 단백질들이 서로 결합하는데 관여한다. MUPP1은 13개의 PDZ domain을 가지는 단백질로서 여러 구조 단백질 및 신호전달 단백질과 상호 결합하지만, MUPP1이 어떻게 안정화되며, 어떻게 신호전달과정에 관여하는지에 대해 아직 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 MUPP1의 PDZ 도메인과 상호 작용하는 단백질을 규명하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid 방법을 이용하였고, Parkin이 MUPP1과 결합하는 것을 확인하였다. Parkin은 E3 ubiquitin ligase로서, Parkin 유전자의 기능상실 돌연변이는 autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. Parkin은 MUPP1의 12번째 PDZ domain과 결합하지만, 다른 PDZ 도메인과는 결합하지 않았다. Parkin의 C-말단부위는 II 형 PDZ-결합모티프를 가지고 있는데, 이 모티프가 MUPP1과의 결합에 필수적임을 확인하였다. HEK-293T 세포에 MUPP1과 Parkin을 동시에 발현하여 발현위치를 확인한 결과 세포내의 같은 위치에서 발현하였다. 또한 Parkin은 MUPP1을 강하게 유비퀴틴화 하였다. 이러한 결과들은 MUPP1이 Parkin의 기질이며, Parkin에 의한 유비퀴틴화에 의해 MUPP1의 기능 혹은 안정성이 조절될 수 있음을 시사한다.