• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2000

To improve the adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. sawdust and bark of pine (Pinus densiflora) and oak(Quercus accutisima) were phosphorylated. The phosphorylated sawdust and bark contained phosphorous of 1.2~1.3% in the treatment for 1 hr and 1.4~1.7% for 2 hrs regardless of species and tree segments. The sawdust indicated considerable increase in the adsorption ratio of $Cu^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$, however the adsorption of $Pb^{2+}$ was a little increased. The pine sawdust was more effective in the adsorption of heavy metal ions than that of oak. While the bark indicated little adsorption efficiency of heavy metal ions.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1990

The cultural characteristics and some factors such as nutrient sources and supplements effecting on mycelial growth and density were investigated to study the possibility of an artificial cultivation of P. cocos. The optimum pH for P. cocos was 4.0-4.5. The optimal growth temperature ranged from $25^{\circ}C$ to $29^{\circ}C$. Myceial growth of P. cocos was better in SPD than PD media. Adding the nurient sources such as dextrose, yeast and potato infusion to pine extract media practically stimulated the mycelial growth and density of P. cocos comparing to pine extract media alone. When P. cocos was cultured on sawdust media added 3 different supplements composed of corn meal, rice bran and wheat bran, corn meal was the best and its percentage was 30 (w/w) for mycelial growth. On culturing in sawdust media added by varying the mixture ratio of them, the media mixed corn meal and wheat bran (3:1, w/w) supported more vigours for mycelial growth. In inoculation test to pine stem, the fungal growth was good in under or inside pine bark and xylem, but the sclerotium was not observed in the stem. Mycelial growth was also observed in central part of pine stem by cross section.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.273-276
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• 1992

Armillaria mellea mushrooms were cultivated on the sawdust media, Quercus sawdust; rice bran=80:20 in polypropylene bags. The isolate of Armillaria mellea used was ARM69002F collected from a Korean pine plantation in Hongcheon district. The length of time between spawning and fruiting was required for 90 to 100 days. The number of fruiting bodies produced in a bags with a kg substrate were approxinately 31 (range of 18 to 62), and the total fresh weight 158g (61 to 207g), converted to 13 to 15% of fresh weight. The pilei of fruiting bodies were average 4.0 cm (2.5 to 7.6 cm)wide, and their stipes 8.2 cm long and 0.6 cm-thick at the upper part and 1.2 cm at the base.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.30-36
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• 2006

Wood fuel must be dried before combustion to minimize the energy loss. Sawdust of Japanese red pine was dried in a batch type fluidized-bed to investigate the drying characteristics of sawdust as a raw material for bio-fuel. The minimum fluidization air velocity was increased as particle size was increased. It took about 21 minutes and 8 minutes to dry 0.08 m-deep bed of particles with average particle size of 1.3 mm from 100% to 10% moisture content at air temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2019

The materials of artificial soils in the production process of container seedlings have a great influence on plant growth. Peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite have been used as major components of artificial soils for many years; however, they could decrease carbon fixation carried out by the soil and cause environmental problems such as a change in the water quality. Thus, environmental friendly materials to replace them must be developed. The purpose of this study was to verify the optimum additive materials of artificial soils and their mixed ratios for the growth and seedling quality index (SQI) of Quercus serrata. Rice husk, mushroom sawdust, and pine bark were each used as an additive material and mixed into the growth medium at 10% and 20% of the total volume. There was no significant difference in the height growth of Q. serrata. The 20% mushroom sawdust decreased the root collar diameter by 23.4% compared to the control. The total dry weight was highest with the 10% rice husk and was significantly lower by 10.3% for the 20% mushroom sawdust compared to the control. Additionally, the SQI for all the treatments showed no tendency to increase compared with the control. Thus, this study showed the possibility of recycling biomaterials from agriculture and forest for seedling production. This method could reduce environmental problems and help eco-friendly nurseries to achieve a carbon negative impact by the recycling of by-products.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2000

For artificial cultivation of Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat we have conducted a study on cultural characteristics and condition of fruitbody formation. The optimum temperature was about $30^{\circ}C$ at pH $6.0{\sim}7.0$ for mycelial growth. Optimum sawdust media were oak sawdust+willow sawdust(5:5, V/V), oak sawdust+willow sawdust+rice bran (4.5:4.5:1, V/V) and oak sawdust+pine sawdust+rice bran(4.5:4.5:1, V/V) and, the spawn incubation period was about $25{\sim}26$ days. Mycelial growth in the inner portion of oak log was 200 mm after 60 days and duration for the first fruitbody primordia were formed about 90 days after inoculation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

The composition of artificial soil in a containerized seedling production plays an important role in seedling quality as well as environmental issues. We investigated the effects of different types of biomaterials and mixed ratio with artificial soil on the growth of Fraxinus rhynchophylla seedlings. Soil medium was supplemented with 3 levels (0%, 10%, 20%) of pine bark, mushroom sawdust and rice husk. Root collar diameter (RCD), height growth, and biomass have significantly increased when rice husk was applied. Compared with the control, RCD and height growth showed highest in 20% rice husk treatment with an increase of 5.7% and 17.6%, respectively. In contrast, the treatments of pine bark and mushroom sawdust showed lower results in growth parameters (RCD, height growth, and total biomass) than control. Seedling quality index was also highest at the 20% rice husk treatment, but there was not statistically different among treatments. Our results suggested rice husk can be substituted up to 20% of substrates for containerized F. rhynchophylla seedling production system.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.242-247
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• 2010

This study was carried out to elucidate the effect of mulching materials on the growth of Chinese chive (Allium tuberusum Rottler) and weed control. Chinese chive was grown under five mulching materials, pine leaf, oak leaf, rice straw, rice hull and sawdust, at the Experimental Farm of Chungbuk National University from June 20, 2009 to September 30, 2009. Amaranthus mangostunus, Digitaria sanguinalis, Portuclaca. oleracea, Echinochioa crus-galli var. frumetacea and Setaria viridis were dominant weeds. Both pine and oak leaves were significantly effective mulching materials in terms of weed control indices in both nursery and field. Soil moisture contents were 1.2~3.7% higher in mulching, especially in oak leaf mulching. Mulching with pine leaf significantly increased plant height, sheath length, leaf length, bulb-, root- and leaf-weights and yield of Chinese chive, but there were no significant differences among the other mulching materials although better than those in non-mulching.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary pine cone meal on growth performance, serum cholesterol, carcass quality and fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of meat in broiler chickens. Three treatments were assigned to 480(2 days) Arbor Acre broiler chicks with eight replications, allocating 20 broiler chicks in each replication. Dietary treatments included 1) CS(1% cottonwood sawdust), 2) PCM0.5(0.5% cottonwood sawdust + 0.5% pine cone meal) and 3) PCM1.0(1% pine cone meal). During the overall period the difference of growth performance was not significant among treatments (P>0.05). Also, cholesterol profile(total, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride) in serum and carcass characteristic were not affected by treatments(P>0.05). TBARS of leg and breast meat was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in PCM1.0 treatment compared to CS treatment. In fatty acid contents of leg meat, C20:0 was significantly higher in PCM0.5 treatment than PCM1.0 treatment(P<0.05). Also, C18:3n3 was significantly lower in PCM1.0 treatment than other treatments(P<0.05). Cholesterol contents of leg, breast meat and abdomen fat were not significant among treatment(P>0.05). In conclusion, results of the experiment were affected by dietary supplementation of pine cone meal on TBARS of leg and breast meat.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary pine cone meal on egg production, egg quality, serum cholesterol and cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens. The total of 252 (51-wks) Hy-line brown commercial hens were used for 5 weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) T1 (basal diet + 1% cottonwood sawdust), 2) T2 (basal diet + 0.5% cottonwood sawdust + 0.5% pine cone meal) and 3) T3 (basal diet + 1% pine cone meal). During the overall period, there was no significant difference in egg production, egg weight and egg quality among the treatments. Lipids profile(total, HDL, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride) in serum was not affected by treatments. Egg yolk cholesterol was not significantly different among the treatments. In fatty acid contents of yolk, C18:3 was higher in T1 treatment than T3 treatment(P<0.05). Total SFA, PUFA, MUFA and UFA/SFA were not significantly different in experimental period. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of pine cone meal affected C18:3 fatty acid content of yolk in laying hens, without any adverse effect on egg production.