• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose gabapentin for interdigital neuroma. Metrials and Methods: Between April 2000 and June 2003, 32 patients (39 feet) with interdigital neuroma were treated with using low-dose gabapentin. Two of the 32 patients were male, and thirty were female, and the average age was 47.4 years. The follow-up was 6 to 44months (mean 15.1 months). All cases were diagnosed by physical examination and ultrasonography or MRI. Low-dose gabapentin (300-600 mg) was prescribed and shoe modification was recommended. The patients were evaluated through questionnaire. Results: Neuroma was found in twenty one cases at the third intermetatarsal space, and thirteen at the second intermetatarsal space. The sensitivity of ultrasonography was 96% and that of MRI was 79%. Overall satisfaction was rated as excellent or good by 18 cases (57%). Average pain relief ratio was 50.3%, and in 14 cases, more than 80% of pain relief was noted. Nine (28%) of 32 patients showed they had no activity restrictions, such as daily activities or work, whereas 8 (25%) had mild restrictions and 15 (47%) had major restrictions. Twelve of 15 patient with major restrictions had been treated operatively (neurectomy; 10 cases, decompression; 2 cases). One case had gastrointestinal problem. Conclusion: Low-dose gabapentin for interdigital neuroma was one of the effective conservative treatments. The operation may be preserved for patient with the persist symptoms, nevertheless the conservative treatments and use of low-dose gabapentin.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.4188-4206
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• 2016

Power control is widely used to reduce co-channel interference in wireless networks and guarantee the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of ongoing connections. This technique is also effective for wireless body area networks (WBANs). Although achieving satisfactory SINR is important for WBAN users, they may not be willing to achieve it at arbitrarily high power levels since power is a scarce resource in WBANs. Besides, for WBANs with different purposes, the QoS requirements and concern about the power consumption may be different. This motivates us to formulate the power control problem using the concepts from microeconomics and game theory. In this paper, the QoS objective is viewed as a utility function, which represents the degree of user satisfaction, while the power consumption is viewed as a cost function. The power control problem consequently becomes a non-cooperative multiplayer game, in which each player tries to maximize its net utility, i.e., the utility minus the cost. Within this framework, we investigate the Nash equilibrium existence and uniqueness in the game and derive the best response solution to reach the Nash equilibrium. To obtain the optimal transmission power in a distributed way, we further propose a utility-based and QoS-aware power control algorithm (UQoS-PCA). Tunable cost coefficient in UQoS-PCA enables this scheme to be flexible to satisfy diverse service requirements. Simulation results show the convergence and effectiveness of the proposed scheme as well as improvements over existing algorithm.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권4호통권100호
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• pp.492-501
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a topping formula for pizza containing Chungkukjang and onion as the main ingredients. The maximum amount of onion was limited to 10.5%, since the pizza crust and toppings would separate if too much water dispelled from the onion tissue during baking. The Chungkukjang was substituted for Bulgoggi, a meat topping. The sensory acceptability scores for the pizza topping decreased as the amount of Chungkukjang increased from 3.6% to 7.3%, due to its unpleasant odor, but scores increased when 1.6% Kimchi powder was added to the Chungkukjang without a significant difference from the control. Thus favorable sensory quality was obtained with a topping formula containing 8.7% Chungkukjang, 10.5% onion, and 1.6% Kimchi powder. The nutrient values of the final pizza products were assessed as follows. By adding the Chungkukjang and onion, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and total dietary fiber contents increased. Moreover, the calorie level of the Chungkukjang-onion pizza was 3.8% higher than that of the control pizza. The amounts of compound amino acids including lysine increased. The free amino acids also increased from 143.3 to 188.6 mg/100 g. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids changed from 1:0.71 to 1:0.81. For the consumer test, the age groups of the participants were classified as 15-29 years old, 30-39 years old, and 40-62 years old. A positive result on acceptability of the developed pizza was obtained from most of the panelists in all age groups. Over 93% of the 119 responding subjects had purchasing intentions. An, especially, strong purchaging intention was shown in the younger age group of 15-29 year-olds, even though they had a lower preference for the Chungkukjang. Finally, an attribute of satisfaction was induced based on 'health' (79.5%) and 'flavor' (15.7%).

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.318-327
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• 2012

The operating sound radiated from a laser printer includes tonal noise components caused by the rotating mechanical parts such as gear, shaft, motor, fan, etc. The negative effects of the tonal noise components need to be considered in the process of developing a sound quality index for the quantitative evaluation of the emotional satisfaction in terms of psycho-acoustics. However, in a previous paper, it was confirmed that the Aures tonality did not have enough correlation with the results of jury evaluation. The sound quality index based on loudness, articulation index, fluctuation strength has a little problem in considering the effects of rotating mechanical parts on the sound quality. In this paper, to solve the tonality evaluation problem, the calculation algorithm of Aures tonality was investigated in detail to find the cause of decreasing the correlation. The new tonality evaluation model was proposed by modifying and optimizing the masking effect, loudness ratio, and shape of weighting curve based on the basic algorithm of Aures tonality, and applied to two kinds of operating sound groups in order to verify the usefulness of proposed model. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed tonality evaluation model has enough correlation and usefulness for expressing the tonalness in the operating sounds of laser printers. In the following paper, this results will be used to model the sound quality index as the input data by using the classification algorithm.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.1181-1187
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• 2012

노인 우울은 삶의 만족을 저하시킬 뿐 아니라 노인 자살의 중요한 위험요인이다. 본 연구에서는 남자와 여자 노인의 배우자 유무와 우울과의 관련성에 대하여 질병관리본부에서 실시한 4기 2차년도 2008년 국민건강영양조사 대상자중 65세 이상 노인 남자 615명, 여자 904명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 분석은 카이제곱 검정과 다중로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 일반적 특성, 이환 및 건강관련 특성과 우울과의 관련성을 파악하였다. 연구결과 연령, 가구소득, 주관적 건강상태, 활동제한 유무, 스트레스 정도 등을 보정한 다중로지스틱 회귀분석에서 배우자가 없는 남자 노인의 비차비는 2.37(95% CI 1.03-5.45)로 우울을 더 느꼈으며, 여자노인의 경우에서는 배우자의 유무와 우울과는 관련성이 없었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 농촌 청소년 공부방을 대상으로 조명환경 실태조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 공부방의 평균 공간의 크기는 11.42[$m^2$]이며, 주로 광원은 형광등을 사용하였으며 조명사용방법은 전반조명만 이용하는 경우가 73.8[%]이며, 배광방식은 직접조명 방식을 주로 사용하고 있었다. 또한 스탠드를 소유하고 있는 가구는 45.7[%]이었으며, 국부조명인 스탠드를 사용하는 비율은 전체 조사대상의 20[%]에 지나지 않아 시작업이 효과적이지 못하였다. 내부공간 조도는 평균 131.82[lx]이며, 책상면 조도는 253.64[lx]로 최저허용조도의 42.3[%]에 해당하는 열악한 실정이었으며, 균제도는 평균 35.61[%]로 나타났다. 또한 사용자의 조명환경에 비해 만족도는 3.93점으로 높아 조명에 대한 인식이 매우 부족한 것으로 사료된다.

• 복식
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the skin type of $20{\sim}30’s$ women that use skin type test paper of cosmetic companies and usual using condition for the cosmetics. The result is as follows; The research target is $20{\sim}30’s$ woman in Seoul area, around capital city area and Geonra province, we surveyed the difference among the group, after dividing the groups with job, monthly income. As the result of research on the usual using cosmetics and cleansing products, $20{\sim}30’s$ woman mostly have toilet water, lotion and foam type cleansing product and use them. As the result of consciousness of skin type combination skin type is 46.1%, dry skin type is 23%, oily skin type is 15%, sensitive skin type is 9%, normal skin type is 7%. To compare results of skin type test paper of cosmetics companies with consciousness of skin type, result of skin type test paper of cosmetics companies was different consciousness of skin type. The result of skin type test paper of B company is same as consciousness of skin type is 31.2% and this result among cosmetics companies was appeared high ratio. Among the results from 3 companies, the rate that all result for 1 person's skin type are accord, is just 8%. 2 companies among them have matching rate of 42%. Most of all, each results of skin type test paper of cosmetics companies was appeared difference. This result show the problem of objectivity about skin type test paper of cosmetics companies that they using it.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1212-1220
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• 2012

Objectives : This study is designed to survey of proper practice of toothbrushing place in elementary school, middle school and high school in some part of Gyeonggi-Do, and will be utilized for toothbrushing place management. Methods : It was randomly selected, 8 elementary schools, 6 middle school and 6 high school in Gyeonggi-do, surveyed whole students. Survey duration was from May 11th to May 20th in 2011. The surveying paper was consisted of questions of general characteristics, right practice of toothbrushing and toothbrushing after lunch etc. It was done under teacher's control. The Data was analyzed with SPSSWIN 18.0. Results : Students did toothbrushing 2 times/day. It wasn't done by Elementary students of 56.3%, middle school students of 68.5%, high school students of 39.3%. It was dominant reason for no brushing that Carrying toothbrush and toothpaste was annoying. When students washed their hands and rinsed their mouth, they used toilet facuet in over than 90% schools. Satisfaction ratio was very low in elementary, middle, high schools. 60% of students wanted to get mouth rinsing place in each school or separately nearby toilet. Conclusions : It was thought by 60% students of elementary, middle, high school that toothbrushing after meals was most important activity. But It was not well done after lunch. When whole student did toothbrushing together, they couldn't use mouthrinsing place comfortablely. There were no keeping places for toothbrushes. So more attention should be payed to make plenty mouthrinsing places and manage them well.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.182-198
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• 2014

The main purposes of this study is to evaluate clothing behaviors according to cosmetic surgery parts and to research how the clothing style preference is expressed depending on each clothing behavior group. This study focuses on women in their 20s and 30s living in Seoul and Gyeonggi area whom have cosmetic surgery experiences. From the women being evaluated, the following groups are divided and then surveyed with equal frequency and ratio: 'facial surgery', 'face contour surgery', 'breast surgery', and 'body figure revision'. When comparing the changes in clothing style preferences before and after the cosmetic surgery, they prefer silhouettes which show body shapes, diversity of color tones, and more overall exposing preferences. After investigating the preferred clothing styles based on cosmetic surgery parts, it is being analyzed that body exposure is more aggressively expressed upon after taking the surgery because the self satisfaction is increased according to the changes in their body shapes after the surgery. Lastly, after looking into the cosmetic surgery and the clothing preferences styles of each clothing behavior group, there seems to be more breast surgeries and body figure revisions for aggressive and extroverted characters: the sex-appeal and mood switching type. It is also being analyzed that facial surgeries are more common in the passive group: information collection, trend alignment, and beauty preference. Such results are also reflected in clothing preferences styles: the biggest change is shown in the aggressive and extroverted group, the sex-appeal types.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.323-342
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• 2013

적정 규모의 인력은 공공도서관 운영에서 절대적으로 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구는 우리나라 16개 시도가 공공도서관 인력을 얼마나 확보하고 있는지 객관적 기준을 바탕으로 분석해 보고자 하였다. 우리나라 766개 공립 공공도서관의 인력 현황을 분석하기 위해 세 가지 기준, 즉 도서관법시행령, 한국도서관기준, 국제기준인 IFLA/UNESCO 가이드라인을 이용하였다. 조사 분석 결과 우리나라 공공도서관은 법정 사서수의 46%만을 충족하고 있고, 한국도서관기준에서는 전체 직원의 경우 78%를 충족하고 있고, 사서직원의 경우는 44.5%만 충족하고 있다. IFLA/UNESCO기준에는 35.7%만 충족하고 있다. 전체적으로 사서직원 충원율이 낮고, 특히 전체 직원수는 국제기준에 크게 못 미치는 것으로 나타났다.